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ISSN: 1336-5266 (Print)
ISSN: 1338-7014 (Online)
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Folia Oecologica
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➤ Volume 52(1) 2025
Masanja, Sarafina N; Shirima, Deo D; Zahabu, Eliakimu M Relationship between deadwood structural diversity and carbon stock along environmental and disturbance gradients in Tropical dry forests Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 1-13, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Masanja_2025, title = {Relationship between deadwood structural diversity and carbon stock along environmental and disturbance gradients in Tropical dry forests}, author = {Sarafina N Masanja and Deo D Shirima and Eliakimu M Zahabu}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0001}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Deadwood is a substantial component of forest ecosystems playing a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and functioning. However, there is limited information on deadwood stand structure which encompasses attributes such as type, quantities and distribution of deadwood pieces and how it is related to its biomass. This study examined the relationship between deadwood species structural diversity and carbon stock along different environmental and disturbance factors in forest and woodland ecosystems. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify species communities, followed by indicator species analysis which was done to determine the species significantly associated with each community. Species richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were calculated to determine deadwood species diversity in both ecosystems. Multimodel inference approach was used to analyse the relationship between deadwood carbon stock and diversity indices, soil properties, climate and proximity to roads and settlements. Three communities were identified from forest ecosystems while four communities were from woodland. Multimodel analysis found a positive significant relationship between deadwood carbon stock and species abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity, soil moisture and proximity to roads in both ecosystems. These findings provide insights into conservation strategies that prioritize protection and restoration of ecosystems as carbon reservois.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Deadwood is a substantial component of forest ecosystems playing a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and functioning. However, there is limited information on deadwood stand structure which encompasses attributes such as type, quantities and distribution of deadwood pieces and how it is related to its biomass. This study examined the relationship between deadwood species structural diversity and carbon stock along different environmental and disturbance factors in forest and woodland ecosystems. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify species communities, followed by indicator species analysis which was done to determine the species significantly associated with each community. Species richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were calculated to determine deadwood species diversity in both ecosystems. Multimodel inference approach was used to analyse the relationship between deadwood carbon stock and diversity indices, soil properties, climate and proximity to roads and settlements. Three communities were identified from forest ecosystems while four communities were from woodland. Multimodel analysis found a positive significant relationship between deadwood carbon stock and species abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity, soil moisture and proximity to roads in both ecosystems. These findings provide insights into conservation strategies that prioritize protection and restoration of ecosystems as carbon reservois. |
García-Solís, Fernando; Zúñiga, Alfredo H; Rau, Jaime R; Encina-Montoya, Francisco; Garcés, Cristóbal Temporal interactions among carnivores in an anthropized landscape of the coastal mountain range in southern Chile Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 14-21, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Garc_a_Sol_s_2025, title = {Temporal interactions among carnivores in an anthropized landscape of the coastal mountain range in southern Chile}, author = {Fernando García-Solís and Alfredo H Zúñiga and Jaime R Rau and Francisco Encina-Montoya and Cristóbal Garcés}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0002}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The structuring of carnivore assemblages is based on the partitioning of niche axes, where the activity pattern is relevant for their coexistence. However, the continuous degradation of habitats, and the human presence (and exotic species) limit the availability of resources. Therefore, these species must readjust their requirements to minimize interactions derived from competition. For two years, activity patterns of two native carnivores (the cougar Puma concolor and the chilla fox Lycalopex griseus), one exotic carnivore (the domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris) and people were evaluated in an anthropogenic landscape in southern Chile. A differentiation was observed in the circadian cycle of the species, where the fox was predominantly nocturnal, while the cougar maintained a random activity pattern, in contrast to the dog and humans, which were the most diurnal. The ecological implications derived from the observed patterns are discussed, mainly in relation to the interference exerted by the exotic species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The structuring of carnivore assemblages is based on the partitioning of niche axes, where the activity pattern is relevant for their coexistence. However, the continuous degradation of habitats, and the human presence (and exotic species) limit the availability of resources. Therefore, these species must readjust their requirements to minimize interactions derived from competition. For two years, activity patterns of two native carnivores (the cougar Puma concolor and the chilla fox Lycalopex griseus), one exotic carnivore (the domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris) and people were evaluated in an anthropogenic landscape in southern Chile. A differentiation was observed in the circadian cycle of the species, where the fox was predominantly nocturnal, while the cougar maintained a random activity pattern, in contrast to the dog and humans, which were the most diurnal. The ecological implications derived from the observed patterns are discussed, mainly in relation to the interference exerted by the exotic species. |
Korsakova, Svetlana; Korsakov, Pavel; Evstigneev, Vladislav Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 22-33, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Korsakova_2025, title = {Spring phenological models combining the effects of temperature and photoperiod are successfully transferred to various spatial and temporal scales: a case study of Aesculus hippocastanum L.}, author = {Svetlana Korsakova and Pavel Korsakov and Vladislav Evstigneev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0003}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {22-33}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {On the basis of long-term, high-quality in situ observations on phenological and meteorological data, we parameterised and examined the performances of four single-phase and two two-phase models for the prediction of the leaf unfolding and flowering dates of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). Amongst models, those combining the effects of temperature and photoperiod showed the best phenophase prediction, suggesting the influence of photoperiod on the leaf unfolding and flowering of A. hippocastanum. The obtained coefficients showed that the effect of photoperiod was greater on leaf unfolding than on flowering. Comprehensive assessment revealed that the single-phase BCdoy model demonstrated the best fitting for both phenophases. This model also showed sufficiently high accuracy and the transferability of results in time and space. The proposed models can be used to predict the spring phenophases of A. hippocastanum in European and Asian countries, where this ornamental tree species is widely used in urban landscaping, and to optimise control methods against Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). For C. ohridella, the first flying out of adults after overwintering begins at the onset of horse chestnut leaf unfolding and mass flight occurs during the full flowering period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On the basis of long-term, high-quality in situ observations on phenological and meteorological data, we parameterised and examined the performances of four single-phase and two two-phase models for the prediction of the leaf unfolding and flowering dates of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). Amongst models, those combining the effects of temperature and photoperiod showed the best phenophase prediction, suggesting the influence of photoperiod on the leaf unfolding and flowering of A. hippocastanum. The obtained coefficients showed that the effect of photoperiod was greater on leaf unfolding than on flowering. Comprehensive assessment revealed that the single-phase BCdoy model demonstrated the best fitting for both phenophases. This model also showed sufficiently high accuracy and the transferability of results in time and space. The proposed models can be used to predict the spring phenophases of A. hippocastanum in European and Asian countries, where this ornamental tree species is widely used in urban landscaping, and to optimise control methods against Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). For C. ohridella, the first flying out of adults after overwintering begins at the onset of horse chestnut leaf unfolding and mass flight occurs during the full flowering period. |
Swaid, Sajeda Yaseen; Shareef, Hussein Jasim Mitigating the oxidative stress caused by UV-B in date palm seedlings: efficacy of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid application Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 34-41, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Swaid_2025, title = {Mitigating the oxidative stress caused by UV-B in date palm seedlings: efficacy of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid application}, author = {Sajeda Yaseen Swaid and Hussein Jasim Shareef}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0004}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {34-41}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The date palm is one of the plants whose growth is being affected by global warming through harmful wavelengths of UV radiation. The protective role of salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) at physiological (100 and 200 mg l–1) levels was assessed under UV-B (8 hrs day–1) stress in the development and physiological adaptation of date palm seedlings. Three months after treatment with different concentrations of SA and AsA, their effects on growth criteria, pigment content, oxidation stress markers, and enzyme antioxidant activities were studied. Results revealed that both SA and AsA increased the seedling height, leaf width, and dry weight, decreased the level of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, and increased membrane stability, thereby alleviating oxidant injury. Furthermore, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase have been upregulated, thereby enhancing the seedlings’ tolerance against stress. The results suggest that foliar SA and AsA application could be an efficient way to alleviate the UV-B radiation stress damage in young date palm plants, therefore providing a possible approach to improving crop resilience in increasingly harsh environmental conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The date palm is one of the plants whose growth is being affected by global warming through harmful wavelengths of UV radiation. The protective role of salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) at physiological (100 and 200 mg l–1) levels was assessed under UV-B (8 hrs day–1) stress in the development and physiological adaptation of date palm seedlings. Three months after treatment with different concentrations of SA and AsA, their effects on growth criteria, pigment content, oxidation stress markers, and enzyme antioxidant activities were studied. Results revealed that both SA and AsA increased the seedling height, leaf width, and dry weight, decreased the level of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, and increased membrane stability, thereby alleviating oxidant injury. Furthermore, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase have been upregulated, thereby enhancing the seedlings’ tolerance against stress. The results suggest that foliar SA and AsA application could be an efficient way to alleviate the UV-B radiation stress damage in young date palm plants, therefore providing a possible approach to improving crop resilience in increasingly harsh environmental conditions. |
Kollár, Ján; Janský, Vladimír; Donoval, Ľuboš The first record of non-indigenous cicada Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky, 1866) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae, Polyneurini) in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 42-47, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Koll_r_2025, title = {The first record of non-indigenous cicada Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky, 1866) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae, Polyneurini) in Slovakia}, author = {Ján Kollár and Vladimír Janský and Ľuboš Donoval}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0005}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {This paper provides the first record of the large brown cicada Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky, 1866) in Slovakia. This cicada species is native to Japan, Korea and China. An adult and several exuviae were found near the city of Martin, in Vrútky and Dražkovce in August 2022. The nymphs were introduced to Slovakia with white pine (Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.), imported in pots from the Czech Republic. The pine trees were originally purchased in Japan, where G. nigrofuscata is one of the most common cicada species. The nymphs had been developing at the locations in Slovakia for about 5 years. Based on the number of exuviae, it can be assumed that the population was large enough for the cicadas to produce a new generation. Many potted plants from Japan are popular trees, and many companies buy them directly in Japan, so it is possible that the cicada G. nigrofuscata will gradually start to appear more often in the European region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper provides the first record of the large brown cicada Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky, 1866) in Slovakia. This cicada species is native to Japan, Korea and China. An adult and several exuviae were found near the city of Martin, in Vrútky and Dražkovce in August 2022. The nymphs were introduced to Slovakia with white pine (Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.), imported in pots from the Czech Republic. The pine trees were originally purchased in Japan, where G. nigrofuscata is one of the most common cicada species. The nymphs had been developing at the locations in Slovakia for about 5 years. Based on the number of exuviae, it can be assumed that the population was large enough for the cicadas to produce a new generation. Many potted plants from Japan are popular trees, and many companies buy them directly in Japan, so it is possible that the cicada G. nigrofuscata will gradually start to appear more often in the European region. |
Dad, Javaid M; Rashid, Irfan Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 48-61, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Dad_2025, title = {Effect of climate change on potential distribution of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó in the twenty-first century across the north-western Himalayas}, author = {Javaid M Dad and Irfan Rashid}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0006}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {48-61}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The populations of Dactylorhiza hatagirea are shrinking fast across the north-western Himalayas. Although the effects of contemporary anthropic factors on its distribution are well documented, the impacts of anticipated climate change have not been evaluated. In the present study, the maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) was used to quantify the impact of climate change on the distribution of D. hatagirea over the next 50 years under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, using ensemble mean of four general circulation models, viz. CCSM4, CNRM, MRI, and GFDL. The results exhibited a fairly good model performance, with D. hatagirea attaining the highest suitability when ‘annual mean temperature’ and ‘annual precipitation’ peaks at ca. 11.5 °C and 1,250 mm, respectively. The variables with greater influence (%) were annual precipitation (40.7), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (22.9), precipitation seasonality (16.6), and mean annual temperature (10.4). Under the current climate, about 790 km2 that spread across Kashmir (274.1 km2) Jammu (210.5 km2), and Ladakh (305.6 km2) were identified as high potential habitat (HPH) areas. The predicted distribution showed that for RCP 4.5 the HPH areas would decrease by 4.2 and 5.4%, by 2050 and 2070, while for RC P8.5 the decrease would be 18.1 and 8.7%, respectively. The shrinkage may be more obvious across tropical and temperate regions, while the species may gain new HPH areas across cold arid areas. Although HPH shrinkage for D. hatagirea appears mild, but as it exhibits high habitat specificity and grows inherently slow, this insignificant shrinkage may enhance its risk of local extinction. Therefore, an integrated approach involving in-situ measures across regions, where the species may disappear, and ex-situ measures, where it may expand, is hugely important.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The populations of Dactylorhiza hatagirea are shrinking fast across the north-western Himalayas. Although the effects of contemporary anthropic factors on its distribution are well documented, the impacts of anticipated climate change have not been evaluated. In the present study, the maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) was used to quantify the impact of climate change on the distribution of D. hatagirea over the next 50 years under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, using ensemble mean of four general circulation models, viz. CCSM4, CNRM, MRI, and GFDL. The results exhibited a fairly good model performance, with D. hatagirea attaining the highest suitability when ‘annual mean temperature’ and ‘annual precipitation’ peaks at ca. 11.5 °C and 1,250 mm, respectively. The variables with greater influence (%) were annual precipitation (40.7), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (22.9), precipitation seasonality (16.6), and mean annual temperature (10.4). Under the current climate, about 790 km2 that spread across Kashmir (274.1 km2) Jammu (210.5 km2), and Ladakh (305.6 km2) were identified as high potential habitat (HPH) areas. The predicted distribution showed that for RCP 4.5 the HPH areas would decrease by 4.2 and 5.4%, by 2050 and 2070, while for RC P8.5 the decrease would be 18.1 and 8.7%, respectively. The shrinkage may be more obvious across tropical and temperate regions, while the species may gain new HPH areas across cold arid areas. Although HPH shrinkage for D. hatagirea appears mild, but as it exhibits high habitat specificity and grows inherently slow, this insignificant shrinkage may enhance its risk of local extinction. Therefore, an integrated approach involving in-situ measures across regions, where the species may disappear, and ex-situ measures, where it may expand, is hugely important. |
Gollo, Maira S; Villagra, Elizabeth L B; Gomez, Jonatan J Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 62-69, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Gollo_2025, title = {Atmospheric microplastic accumulation in Ramalina celastri (Sprengel) Krog & Swinscow Thalli: a transplant study across different levels of urbanization}, author = {Maira S Gollo and Elizabeth L B Villagra and Jonatan J Gomez}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0007}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {62-69}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Lichens are widely recognized as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution, but studies on their role in monitoring microplastic (MP) deposition remain scarce. This study investigates MP accumulation in natural populations of Ramalina celastri across an urbanization gradient in Luján, Argentina, marking the first report for this species. MP concentrations ranged from 16.54 ± 3.59 MPs g–1 in baseline sites to significantly higher levels in urban zones. Fragments showed a stronger association with urbanised areas compared with fibres. Unlike larger urban centers, no significant trend was observed in MP size with urbanization, likely due to Lujan’s small size, facilitating unrestricted MP movement. Comparisons with global studies revealed consistent patterns of increased MP accumulation near anthropogenic sources, while unique findings highlight the potential of R. celastri as a bioindicator in diverse environments. These results emphasize the influence of urbanization on MP deposition and suggest localized sources as key contributors to fragments, advancing our understanding of MP dynamics. This work underscores the need for standardized methodologies to enhance comparability in future research on terrestrial MP pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Lichens are widely recognized as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution, but studies on their role in monitoring microplastic (MP) deposition remain scarce. This study investigates MP accumulation in natural populations of Ramalina celastri across an urbanization gradient in Luján, Argentina, marking the first report for this species. MP concentrations ranged from 16.54 ± 3.59 MPs g–1 in baseline sites to significantly higher levels in urban zones. Fragments showed a stronger association with urbanised areas compared with fibres. Unlike larger urban centers, no significant trend was observed in MP size with urbanization, likely due to Lujan’s small size, facilitating unrestricted MP movement. Comparisons with global studies revealed consistent patterns of increased MP accumulation near anthropogenic sources, while unique findings highlight the potential of R. celastri as a bioindicator in diverse environments. These results emphasize the influence of urbanization on MP deposition and suggest localized sources as key contributors to fragments, advancing our understanding of MP dynamics. This work underscores the need for standardized methodologies to enhance comparability in future research on terrestrial MP pollution. |
Moslehi, Maryam; Ahmadi, Farzad; Matinizadeh, Mohammad; Sadeghi, Seyed Mousa; Izadi, Masoumeh; Faunae, Nafiseh; Alizadeh, Tahereh; Shackleton, Ross T Native versus non-native Prosopis woody species: Which fertilize the soil better? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 70-81, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Moslehi_2025, title = {Native versus non-native Prosopis woody species: Which fertilize the soil better?}, author = {Maryam Moslehi and Farzad Ahmadi and Mohammad Matinizadeh and Seyed Mousa Sadeghi and Masoumeh Izadi and Nafiseh Faunae and Tahereh Alizadeh and Ross T Shackleton}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0008}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {70-81}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {This study assessed differences in the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of soils under trees of the native species Prosopis cineraria and the invasive species Prosopis juliflora trees, focusing on implications for ecosystem management and restoration. At the start of the growing season, 30 trees of each species with a trunk diameter of 15–30 cm were randomly selected. Soil samples were taken from the top 20 cm of soil profiles east of each tree, under the tree crowns and from control plots in open areas. Three soil samples per site were pooled for chemical and microbial analysis. Soil moisture was highest under P. cineraria (14.64 ± 0.3) and lowest in control plots (9.04 ± 0.65). Soil pH was highest in control soils (7.91 ± 0.09), slightly lower under P. cineraria (7.77 ± 0.06), and lowest under P. juliflora (7.49 ± 0.0). Electrical conductivity, soil salinity was highest under P. juliflora (2.25 ± 0.12). Microbial activity indicators (basal respiration and microbial biomass carbon) were greater under P. cineraria than under P. juliflora trees. Native P. cineraria trees enhance soil conditions, benefiting ecosystem management. In contrast, invasive P. juliflora trees raise soil salinity, threatening soil quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services in the Sahara-Sahel region. Managing the spread of P. juliflora is crucial to maintaining ecosystem functions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study assessed differences in the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of soils under trees of the native species Prosopis cineraria and the invasive species Prosopis juliflora trees, focusing on implications for ecosystem management and restoration. At the start of the growing season, 30 trees of each species with a trunk diameter of 15–30 cm were randomly selected. Soil samples were taken from the top 20 cm of soil profiles east of each tree, under the tree crowns and from control plots in open areas. Three soil samples per site were pooled for chemical and microbial analysis. Soil moisture was highest under P. cineraria (14.64 ± 0.3) and lowest in control plots (9.04 ± 0.65). Soil pH was highest in control soils (7.91 ± 0.09), slightly lower under P. cineraria (7.77 ± 0.06), and lowest under P. juliflora (7.49 ± 0.0). Electrical conductivity, soil salinity was highest under P. juliflora (2.25 ± 0.12). Microbial activity indicators (basal respiration and microbial biomass carbon) were greater under P. cineraria than under P. juliflora trees. Native P. cineraria trees enhance soil conditions, benefiting ecosystem management. In contrast, invasive P. juliflora trees raise soil salinity, threatening soil quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services in the Sahara-Sahel region. Managing the spread of P. juliflora is crucial to maintaining ecosystem functions. |
Pugh, Andrew; Trower, Max; Mercier, Celine; Bartlett, Michael; Sutherland, Roanne; Cridge, Andrew Environmental DNA profiling for detecting plant-insect interactions in endangered and native flora Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 82-90, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Pugh_2025, title = {Environmental DNA profiling for detecting plant-insect interactions in endangered and native flora}, author = {Andrew Pugh and Max Trower and Celine Mercier and Michael Bartlett and Roanne Sutherland and Andrew Cridge}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0009}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {82-90}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an established technique for studying plant-insect interactions, that has so far had very limited use in exploring flower-visiting insect communities. This study provides important evidence of the effectiveness of eDNA for studying flower-visiting insects, proving its ability to provide a comprehensive overview of pollinator communities beyond traditional observational methods. Our data revealed a surprising diversity of flower-visiting insects, including both expected pollinators and possible non-pollinating species utilising pollen and/or nectar as a nutritional resource. Native bees, such as Leioproctus spp., and various flies, including those with uncertain roles in pollination, were detected. This study also shed light on the underexplored area of nocturnal pollination, providing evidence of native moth involvement in pollinating plant species. While there was no definitive evidence of rare insects visiting mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) or Lophomyrtus spp., this study did reveal the importance of these plant species and the resources the flowers provide not just to pollinators, but insects with other key roles in the ecosystem.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an established technique for studying plant-insect interactions, that has so far had very limited use in exploring flower-visiting insect communities. This study provides important evidence of the effectiveness of eDNA for studying flower-visiting insects, proving its ability to provide a comprehensive overview of pollinator communities beyond traditional observational methods. Our data revealed a surprising diversity of flower-visiting insects, including both expected pollinators and possible non-pollinating species utilising pollen and/or nectar as a nutritional resource. Native bees, such as Leioproctus spp., and various flies, including those with uncertain roles in pollination, were detected. This study also shed light on the underexplored area of nocturnal pollination, providing evidence of native moth involvement in pollinating plant species. While there was no definitive evidence of rare insects visiting mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) or Lophomyrtus spp., this study did reveal the importance of these plant species and the resources the flowers provide not just to pollinators, but insects with other key roles in the ecosystem. |
Sukumaran, Arun; Sasidharan, Sarath; Khanduri, Vinod Prasad; Suraj, ; Rawat, Shweta; Chand, Vaisakhy Prem Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 91-104, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Sukumaran_2025, title = {Effect of tree size attributes on fruit production and animal-mediated seed dispersal web in Melia azedarach L. (Chinaberry) in north-west Himalaya, India}, author = {Arun Sukumaran and Sarath Sasidharan and Vinod Prasad Khanduri and Suraj and Shweta Rawat and Vaisakhy Prem Chand}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0010}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {91-104}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Insights into the relationships between tree species and their potential seed dispersers in a specific region are vital for determining spatial distribution and population dynamics that rely solely on natural regeneration. Several factors influence fruit production in trees, and the fluctuations in fruit output directly affects the population and diversity of frugivores in that area. We examined the trees of Melia azedarach to analyse the impact of tree size attributes (diameter, height and crown length) on fruit yield. Furthermore, we observed the seed dispersers to determine their role in fruit removal and dispersal. The average fruit production among sample trees varied from 1.8 × 103 to 1.18 × 105. Out of the 10 bird species recorded, the Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Himalayan Black Bulbul) and Pycnonotus leucogenys (Himalayan Bulbul) were the most frequent visitors and crucial for seed dispersal of M. azedarach. Psittacula krameri (Rose-ringed Parakeets) dropped a significant quantity of fruits below the parent tree, acting as a pre-dispersal seed predator. There were significant variations among species in total visits and estimated endocarp disbursed. Our findings indicate that the tree-size attributes like diameter, height, and crown length strongly affected fruit yield capacity in trees of Melia azedarach. Large trees are likely to be reproductively matured and are prioritising resources for reproduction rather than growth. Native animals, especially birds are facilitating seed dispersal in M. azedarach. The estimated period of the availability of ripe fruits reflects the status of seed predators and seed dispersal. The results ultimately revealed that the animal plant interactions of this study would be vital for ecosystem functioning, habitat rewilding and conservation of the ecosystem through balancing plant-animal mutualism.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Insights into the relationships between tree species and their potential seed dispersers in a specific region are vital for determining spatial distribution and population dynamics that rely solely on natural regeneration. Several factors influence fruit production in trees, and the fluctuations in fruit output directly affects the population and diversity of frugivores in that area. We examined the trees of Melia azedarach to analyse the impact of tree size attributes (diameter, height and crown length) on fruit yield. Furthermore, we observed the seed dispersers to determine their role in fruit removal and dispersal. The average fruit production among sample trees varied from 1.8 × 103 to 1.18 × 105. Out of the 10 bird species recorded, the Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Himalayan Black Bulbul) and Pycnonotus leucogenys (Himalayan Bulbul) were the most frequent visitors and crucial for seed dispersal of M. azedarach. Psittacula krameri (Rose-ringed Parakeets) dropped a significant quantity of fruits below the parent tree, acting as a pre-dispersal seed predator. There were significant variations among species in total visits and estimated endocarp disbursed. Our findings indicate that the tree-size attributes like diameter, height, and crown length strongly affected fruit yield capacity in trees of Melia azedarach. Large trees are likely to be reproductively matured and are prioritising resources for reproduction rather than growth. Native animals, especially birds are facilitating seed dispersal in M. azedarach. The estimated period of the availability of ripe fruits reflects the status of seed predators and seed dispersal. The results ultimately revealed that the animal plant interactions of this study would be vital for ecosystem functioning, habitat rewilding and conservation of the ecosystem through balancing plant-animal mutualism. |
Negi, Javaid Diksha; Ahmed, Shakoor; Sambyal, Deepali; Stašiov, Slavomír; Julka, Jatinder Mohan Folia Oecologica, 52 (1), pp. 105-112, 2025, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Negi_2025, title = {Distribution and abundance of a soil centipede, Tygarrup nepalensis Shinohara, 1965 (Mecistocephalidae: Geophilomorpha: Chilopoda) in a moist temperate forest in Northwest Himalaya}, author = {Javaid Diksha Negi and Shakoor Ahmed and Deepali Sambyal and Slavomír Stašiov and Jatinder Mohan Julka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2025-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2025-0011}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {105-112}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {This study investigates the distribution of the soil centipede, Tygarrup nepalensis (Order Geophilomorpha), in the moist temperate forest of the Northwest Himalayas, located in Himri, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Centipedes were collected using a standardized 25 × 25 cm quadrat sampling method. We examined the influence of various environmental and edaphic parameters on its populations across different forest areas (north, northeast, southwest facing aspects). The north aspect exhibited higher density due to more favourable soil conditions, including higher phosphorus and organic carbon, which supported larger populations of detritivore earthworms, likely prey for T. nepalensis. These findings underscore the role of microhabitat characteristics in shaping centipede distribution and highlight implications for forest management strategies aimed at conserving soil biodiversity and enhancing forest productivity. Our results indicate that average soil moisture levels (25.8% to 30.5%) are conducive to the habitat requirements of T. nepalensis, which thrives in moist environments. Notably, population densities varied significantly, with lower density in the northeastern aspect, correlated with reduced soil phosphorus concentrations and increased acidity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study investigates the distribution of the soil centipede, Tygarrup nepalensis (Order Geophilomorpha), in the moist temperate forest of the Northwest Himalayas, located in Himri, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Centipedes were collected using a standardized 25 × 25 cm quadrat sampling method. We examined the influence of various environmental and edaphic parameters on its populations across different forest areas (north, northeast, southwest facing aspects). The north aspect exhibited higher density due to more favourable soil conditions, including higher phosphorus and organic carbon, which supported larger populations of detritivore earthworms, likely prey for T. nepalensis. These findings underscore the role of microhabitat characteristics in shaping centipede distribution and highlight implications for forest management strategies aimed at conserving soil biodiversity and enhancing forest productivity. Our results indicate that average soil moisture levels (25.8% to 30.5%) are conducive to the habitat requirements of T. nepalensis, which thrives in moist environments. Notably, population densities varied significantly, with lower density in the northeastern aspect, correlated with reduced soil phosphorus concentrations and increased acidity. |
➤ Volume 51(2) 2024
Tkach, Viktor; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Kobets, Oleksii; Obolonyk, Iryna The outcomes of Quercus robur natural regeneration after clear-cutting in the north-eastern part of Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 136-145, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Tkach_2024, title = {The outcomes of \textit{Quercus robur} natural regeneration after clear-cutting in the north-eastern part of Ukraine}, author = {Viktor Tkach and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oleksii Kobets and Iryna Obolonyk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0013.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0013}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {136-145}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Enabling natural seed regeneration is important because natural stands grown from seeds are more productive compared to vegetative and artificial ones; they are also more resistant to adverse environmental factors and climate change. The aim of the study was to assess natural regeneration after clear-cutting in oak stands in the north-eastern Ukraine. The research was carried out in stands where regeneration cutting was carried out in years with different oak fruiting intensity. According to the recent inventory, the total regeneration quantity in clear-cut plots was from 16,800 to 28,900 stems ha–1, including 12,600–19,300 stems ha–1 of oak (60–85% of the total number), and a greater number of the regenerated oaks was recorded in the years of medium, good and very good acorn yield. It was established that the cutting must be carried out precisely in such years, preceded by pre-harvest cultural activities to promote oak natural regeneration. The composition of the formed young stands is optimal and meets the objectives of forest management in the study region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Enabling natural seed regeneration is important because natural stands grown from seeds are more productive compared to vegetative and artificial ones; they are also more resistant to adverse environmental factors and climate change. The aim of the study was to assess natural regeneration after clear-cutting in oak stands in the north-eastern Ukraine. The research was carried out in stands where regeneration cutting was carried out in years with different oak fruiting intensity. According to the recent inventory, the total regeneration quantity in clear-cut plots was from 16,800 to 28,900 stems ha–1, including 12,600–19,300 stems ha–1 of oak (60–85% of the total number), and a greater number of the regenerated oaks was recorded in the years of medium, good and very good acorn yield. It was established that the cutting must be carried out precisely in such years, preceded by pre-harvest cultural activities to promote oak natural regeneration. The composition of the formed young stands is optimal and meets the objectives of forest management in the study region. |
Košša, Jakub; Ambros, Michal; Dudich, Alexander; Baláž, Ivan Impact of environmental factors on small mammals and their fleas Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 146–153, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Ko_a_2024, title = {Impact of environmental factors on small mammals and their fleas}, author = {Jakub Košša and Michal Ambros and Alexander Dudich and Ivan Baláž}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0014.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0014}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {146–153}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Small mammals in the Horšianska dolina-Valley were researched first in 1984–86 and later in 2016–19. This paper seeks to identify and assess the species composition and dynamics of fleas (Siphonaptera) found in the valley on small mammals of Rodentia and Eulipotyphla and to compare findings from these two periods separated by thirty years. The results indicated deviations in small mammal and flea community similarity as well as in the small mammal indicator species for each habitat and flea indicator species for the small mammal species. A total 12 different species of small mammals were captured, and 12 flea species were collected. Eight flea species were detected in 1984–86 and ten species were found in 2016–19. In both periods A. penicilliger, C. assimilis, C. solutus, D. dasycnema, N. fasciatus were captured. The differences were that in the earlier period, the species uncovered were C. congener, P. bidentata, and P. soricis, while in the later period they were C. agyrtes, C. bisoctodentatus, M. turbidus, and R. integella. In the relationship between fleas and small mammals, C. solutus was the specific species for Apodemus flavicollis, while A. penicilliger and C. agyrtes were for Clethrionomys glareolus, and C. assimilis was for Microtus arvalis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Small mammals in the Horšianska dolina-Valley were researched first in 1984–86 and later in 2016–19. This paper seeks to identify and assess the species composition and dynamics of fleas (Siphonaptera) found in the valley on small mammals of Rodentia and Eulipotyphla and to compare findings from these two periods separated by thirty years. The results indicated deviations in small mammal and flea community similarity as well as in the small mammal indicator species for each habitat and flea indicator species for the small mammal species. A total 12 different species of small mammals were captured, and 12 flea species were collected. Eight flea species were detected in 1984–86 and ten species were found in 2016–19. In both periods A. penicilliger, C. assimilis, C. solutus, D. dasycnema, N. fasciatus were captured. The differences were that in the earlier period, the species uncovered were C. congener, P. bidentata, and P. soricis, while in the later period they were C. agyrtes, C. bisoctodentatus, M. turbidus, and R. integella. In the relationship between fleas and small mammals, C. solutus was the specific species for Apodemus flavicollis, while A. penicilliger and C. agyrtes were for Clethrionomys glareolus, and C. assimilis was for Microtus arvalis. |
Zábojníková, Lenka; Oxikbayev, Berikzhan; Korec, Filip; Nociar, Peter; Janiga, Marián; Haas, Martina Mercury in Zhongar Alatau (Kazakhstan) and Carpathian mountains (Slovakia): songbirds and mice as indicators Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 154–164, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Z_bojn_kov__2024, title = {Mercury in Zhongar Alatau (Kazakhstan) and Carpathian mountains (Slovakia): songbirds and mice as indicators}, author = {Lenka Zábojníková and Berikzhan Oxikbayev and Filip Korec and Peter Nociar and Marián Janiga and Martina Haas}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0015.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0015}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {154–164}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Anthropogenic activities have contributed to the increase of heavy metals and to the alteration of their natural cycles in the environment. Mercury (Hg) is now considered to be one of the most toxic elements whose levels need to be monitored in abiogenic and biogenic environmental compartments. It can enter the body of animal in several ways, mainly through contaminated food. In this study, we compared mercury levels in mouse hair and songbird feathers from Zhongar Alatau National Park in Kazakhstan and from national parks in Slovakia. We sampled mice of the genus Apodemus and songbirds of three genera – Parus, Phylloscopus and Turdus. Total mercury concentrations were measured using DMA-80. The results showed higher levels of Hg bioaccumulation in Slovakia than in Kazakhstan in both songbirds and mice. The three songbird species from Kazakhstan showed differences due to different feeding niches. High levels were found in thrushes, which are considered insectivorous ground feeders, whereas the lowest mercury concentrations were detected in tits, which are considered more generalist feeders. In Slovakia, the trend was different, with tits having similar levels of Hg to thrushes, a reflection of the different levels of contamination of environmental components. Mice showed overall lower concentrations than birds at both sites.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Anthropogenic activities have contributed to the increase of heavy metals and to the alteration of their natural cycles in the environment. Mercury (Hg) is now considered to be one of the most toxic elements whose levels need to be monitored in abiogenic and biogenic environmental compartments. It can enter the body of animal in several ways, mainly through contaminated food. In this study, we compared mercury levels in mouse hair and songbird feathers from Zhongar Alatau National Park in Kazakhstan and from national parks in Slovakia. We sampled mice of the genus Apodemus and songbirds of three genera – Parus, Phylloscopus and Turdus. Total mercury concentrations were measured using DMA-80. The results showed higher levels of Hg bioaccumulation in Slovakia than in Kazakhstan in both songbirds and mice. The three songbird species from Kazakhstan showed differences due to different feeding niches. High levels were found in thrushes, which are considered insectivorous ground feeders, whereas the lowest mercury concentrations were detected in tits, which are considered more generalist feeders. In Slovakia, the trend was different, with tits having similar levels of Hg to thrushes, a reflection of the different levels of contamination of environmental components. Mice showed overall lower concentrations than birds at both sites. |
Šamajová, Veronika; Marešová, Jana; Majdák, Andrej; Jakuš, Rastislav; Blaženec, Miroslav The spruce bark volatiles and internal phloem chemical profiles after the forest gap formation: the annual course Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 165–174, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{_amajov__2024, title = {The spruce bark volatiles and internal phloem chemical profiles after the forest gap formation: the annual course}, author = {Veronika Šamajová and Jana Marešová and Andrej Majdák and Rastislav Jakuš and Miroslav Blaženec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0016.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0016}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {165–174}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Our study explores the impact of sudden gap formation on the bark volatile and internal chemical profiles of Norway spruce trees during the initial dry year of research plot 2018 following gap formation. We investigated the annual variation in two main physiological traits of Norway spruce trees at the forest edge (FE) and in the forest interior (FI): bark monoterpene (MT) emission spectra and internal phloem MT composition. Given that gap formation increases the solar radiation dose and temperature for trees at the forest edge, we hypothesized that the concentrations of airborne terpenes released from the tree bark and internal phloem terpenes will increase as a consequence of induced tree defenses. Our findings demonstrate significant increases in both airborne terpene concentrations and internal terpene composition in trees at the forest edge compared to the control trees in the forest interior. This study provides novel insights into the annual dynamics of bark monoterpenes following forest edge establishment and underscores the physiological changes experienced by trees in response to the gap formation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study explores the impact of sudden gap formation on the bark volatile and internal chemical profiles of Norway spruce trees during the initial dry year of research plot 2018 following gap formation. We investigated the annual variation in two main physiological traits of Norway spruce trees at the forest edge (FE) and in the forest interior (FI): bark monoterpene (MT) emission spectra and internal phloem MT composition. Given that gap formation increases the solar radiation dose and temperature for trees at the forest edge, we hypothesized that the concentrations of airborne terpenes released from the tree bark and internal phloem terpenes will increase as a consequence of induced tree defenses. Our findings demonstrate significant increases in both airborne terpene concentrations and internal terpene composition in trees at the forest edge compared to the control trees in the forest interior. This study provides novel insights into the annual dynamics of bark monoterpenes following forest edge establishment and underscores the physiological changes experienced by trees in response to the gap formation. |
Georgieva, Margarita; Petkova, Krasimira; Molle, Emil Effects of needle cast diseases on the growth of a 33-year-old Douglas-fir provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 175-184, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Georgieva_2024, title = {Effects of needle cast diseases on the growth of a 33-year-old Douglas-fir provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria}, author = {Margarita Georgieva and Krasimira Petkova and Emil Molle}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0017.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0017}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {175-184}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In this study, the effects of defoliation caused by fungal pathogens on the tree vitality and growth of a 33-year old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria was presented. The results of the conducted surveys in 2011 and 2020 showed that there were significant differences between the individual provenances of Douglas-fir concerning their susceptibility to the needle cast diseases, caused by the fungal pathogens Rhabdocline pseudotsugae and Phaeucryptopus gaeumannii. The extent of damage, expressed as the amount of Douglas-fir needles cast, varied among provenance groups in individual years. A serious degree of defoliation was assessed among all continental provenances. In 2011, all examined trees from the group of continental provenances had severe symptoms of the needle cast disease. In 71.5% of them, the defoliation of the crowns was over 25% – moderately to severely affected. The average degree of defoliation varied from 18.3% (32 Wаrm Springs) to 89.3% (55 Alamogordo). In 2020, severe defoliation was found among all continental provenances. Both fungal pathogens were found as causes of the defoliation of 64.3% of the trees. The growth indicators: average height, average diameter at breast height, average height- and diameter increment for survived provenances in 2011 (at age 24) and 2020 (at age 33) were evaluated. The loss of needles and the reduced physiological function of the trees affected their vitality in the following years. Relationships between the average current annual height and diameter increment by provenance groups for 2003–2011 and 2011–2020 were calculated. It was found that with an increase in the degree of defoliation, the height and diameter increment of the provenances decreases.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, the effects of defoliation caused by fungal pathogens on the tree vitality and growth of a 33-year old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria was presented. The results of the conducted surveys in 2011 and 2020 showed that there were significant differences between the individual provenances of Douglas-fir concerning their susceptibility to the needle cast diseases, caused by the fungal pathogens Rhabdocline pseudotsugae and Phaeucryptopus gaeumannii. The extent of damage, expressed as the amount of Douglas-fir needles cast, varied among provenance groups in individual years. A serious degree of defoliation was assessed among all continental provenances. In 2011, all examined trees from the group of continental provenances had severe symptoms of the needle cast disease. In 71.5% of them, the defoliation of the crowns was over 25% – moderately to severely affected. The average degree of defoliation varied from 18.3% (32 Wаrm Springs) to 89.3% (55 Alamogordo). In 2020, severe defoliation was found among all continental provenances. Both fungal pathogens were found as causes of the defoliation of 64.3% of the trees. The growth indicators: average height, average diameter at breast height, average height- and diameter increment for survived provenances in 2011 (at age 24) and 2020 (at age 33) were evaluated. The loss of needles and the reduced physiological function of the trees affected their vitality in the following years. Relationships between the average current annual height and diameter increment by provenance groups for 2003–2011 and 2011–2020 were calculated. It was found that with an increase in the degree of defoliation, the height and diameter increment of the provenances decreases. |
Barna, Milan; Mihál, Ivan Indicators of restoration in beech stands after air pollution: trees and macromycetes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 185–195, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Barna_2024, title = {Indicators of restoration in beech stands after air pollution: trees and macromycetes}, author = {Milan Barna and Ivan Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0018.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0018}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {185–195}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The aluminium smelter in Žiar nad Hronom has operated since 1953. As a result, the surrounding area is now one of the most polluted regions in Slovakia. Since the implementation of new production and filtration technologies in 1996, the amount of emissions has significantly decreased. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term restoration of an environment that has been damaged by fluorine-based air pollutants. We analysed the contamination of forest ecosystems in three beech stands at various distances from the emission source (2, 7, and 18 km). Signs of restoration in adult beech trees were observed through a decrease in defoliation and a reduction in the necrotic disease of the bark in tree crowns. However, the impacts of air pollution on ectomycorrhizal associations persist. In the reduced number of ectomycorrhizal fungal species (16 species in the polluted stand compared to 38 species in the control stand), the low representation of sensitive fungal orders (Cantharellales, Gomphales, and Boletales), and the indices of species richness and heterogeneity (Hill, Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon–Weaver). In some respects, the findings indicate that the beech ecosystem is capable of revitalization within 25 years after a reduction in air pollution. However, much more sensitive indicators of successful restoration, compared to the characteristics of the trees, are the communities of macromycetes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aluminium smelter in Žiar nad Hronom has operated since 1953. As a result, the surrounding area is now one of the most polluted regions in Slovakia. Since the implementation of new production and filtration technologies in 1996, the amount of emissions has significantly decreased. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term restoration of an environment that has been damaged by fluorine-based air pollutants. We analysed the contamination of forest ecosystems in three beech stands at various distances from the emission source (2, 7, and 18 km). Signs of restoration in adult beech trees were observed through a decrease in defoliation and a reduction in the necrotic disease of the bark in tree crowns. However, the impacts of air pollution on ectomycorrhizal associations persist. In the reduced number of ectomycorrhizal fungal species (16 species in the polluted stand compared to 38 species in the control stand), the low representation of sensitive fungal orders (Cantharellales, Gomphales, and Boletales), and the indices of species richness and heterogeneity (Hill, Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon–Weaver). In some respects, the findings indicate that the beech ecosystem is capable of revitalization within 25 years after a reduction in air pollution. However, much more sensitive indicators of successful restoration, compared to the characteristics of the trees, are the communities of macromycetes. |
Petlušová, Viera; Hreško, Juraj; Mederly, Peter; Moravčík, Marek; Petluš, Peter Spatial distribution of soil depth in relation to slope as a consequence of erosion-accumulation processes in loess lowland hills of Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 196–207, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Petlu_ov__2024, title = {Spatial distribution of soil depth in relation to slope as a consequence of erosion-accumulation processes in loess lowland hills of Slovakia}, author = {Viera Petlušová and Juraj Hreško and Peter Mederly and Marek Moravčík and Peter Petluš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0019.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0019}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {196–207}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In our study, we examined the influence of slope gradient on erosion processes and present soil formation and change on loess hills. We analysed data from the two study areas and found that slope gradient is a significant factor influencing soil depth as well as humus horizon thickness. At the Báb locality, we observed a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.206, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.227, p < 0.01). At the Nová Vieska locality, there was a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.334, p < 0.02), as well as between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.356, p < 0.01). These findings confirm that slope gradient is a key factor influencing soil formation in loess hills, and has a significant impact on its depth and soil profile. The analysis revealed that a critical slope of 3° significantly influences soil formation, with shallower soils and a thinner humus horizon occurring on steeper slopes. Our findings have important implications for planning erosion control measures and soil management depending on the location and slope gradient. Overall, our work provides insights into soil formation processes in loess hills and contributes to a better understanding of the interactions between slope gradient and erosive processes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In our study, we examined the influence of slope gradient on erosion processes and present soil formation and change on loess hills. We analysed data from the two study areas and found that slope gradient is a significant factor influencing soil depth as well as humus horizon thickness. At the Báb locality, we observed a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.206, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.227, p < 0.01). At the Nová Vieska locality, there was a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.334, p < 0.02), as well as between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.356, p < 0.01). These findings confirm that slope gradient is a key factor influencing soil formation in loess hills, and has a significant impact on its depth and soil profile. The analysis revealed that a critical slope of 3° significantly influences soil formation, with shallower soils and a thinner humus horizon occurring on steeper slopes. Our findings have important implications for planning erosion control measures and soil management depending on the location and slope gradient. Overall, our work provides insights into soil formation processes in loess hills and contributes to a better understanding of the interactions between slope gradient and erosive processes. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Baral, Suraj; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Fine-scale habitat suitability modelling of Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 208-220, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Adhikari_2024, title = {Fine-scale habitat suitability modelling of Northern red muntjac (\textit{Muntiacus vaginalis}) in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Suraj Baral and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0020.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0020}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {208-220}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Factors associated with the habitat suitability of northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) especially outside protected areas in the human-dominated landscape are still lacking. Fine-scale environmental variables can influence the habitat suitability of the animals. This study aimed to explore the different eco-geographic fine-scale variables for the distribution of the northern red muntjac; and predict suitable habitats using the maximum entropy (Maxent) model in the Chitwan Annapurna landscape (CHAL). The presence points of the northern red muntjac (n = 265) were collected between 2018 to 2021 using 150 transects of various lengths in four blocks. Density-based occurrence points rarify and performance-based variable selection were applied to improve the output of the model. The model was evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC) value of operator characteristic (ROC) and analyzed on the basis of the response curve, the relative importance of variables, Jackknife test and suitability map. Results indicated the model was statistically satisfactory (mean AUC > 0.75). The distance to the nearest cropland was the most contributed variable followed by Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), distance to developed/settlement area and distance to grassland that explained suitability of Northern red muntjac. The species distribution model predicted 6.52% highly suitable and 23.77% suitable area for northern red muntjac. Therefore, this area is important for the muntjac and provides a possible alternative habitat for other wild animals outside the protected areas. Our research suggests that human dominated landscape should be prioritized in management plans for the conservation of muntjac.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Factors associated with the habitat suitability of northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) especially outside protected areas in the human-dominated landscape are still lacking. Fine-scale environmental variables can influence the habitat suitability of the animals. This study aimed to explore the different eco-geographic fine-scale variables for the distribution of the northern red muntjac; and predict suitable habitats using the maximum entropy (Maxent) model in the Chitwan Annapurna landscape (CHAL). The presence points of the northern red muntjac (n = 265) were collected between 2018 to 2021 using 150 transects of various lengths in four blocks. Density-based occurrence points rarify and performance-based variable selection were applied to improve the output of the model. The model was evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC) value of operator characteristic (ROC) and analyzed on the basis of the response curve, the relative importance of variables, Jackknife test and suitability map. Results indicated the model was statistically satisfactory (mean AUC > 0.75). The distance to the nearest cropland was the most contributed variable followed by Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), distance to developed/settlement area and distance to grassland that explained suitability of Northern red muntjac. The species distribution model predicted 6.52% highly suitable and 23.77% suitable area for northern red muntjac. Therefore, this area is important for the muntjac and provides a possible alternative habitat for other wild animals outside the protected areas. Our research suggests that human dominated landscape should be prioritized in management plans for the conservation of muntjac. |
Langraf, Vladimír; Gajdoš, Peter; Purgat, Pavol; Štofík, Jozef; Šestáková, Anna; Petrovičová, Kornélia Epigeic spider and ground beetles (Carabid) communities of semi-natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscape in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 221–237, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Langraf_2024, title = {Epigeic spider and ground beetles (Carabid) communities of semi-natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscape in Slovakia}, author = {Vladimír Langraf and Peter Gajdoš and Pavol Purgat and Jozef Štofík and Anna Šestáková and Kornélia Petrovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0021.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0021}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {221–237}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {We studied the spatial structure of spiders and beetles in 4 types of habitats in the Poloniny National Park. Between the years 2020 and 2021, we recorded 1,597 beetle specimens and 3,765 spider specimens using the pitfall trap method. The most represented beetles were Poecilus versicolor (53.4%), Nebria brevicollis (10.3%), Staphylinus caesareus (4.4%) and Amara familiaris (4.1%). Among the spiders, there were species Pardosa pullata (21.81%), Pachygnatha degeeri (14.21%), Xerolycosa nemoralis (10.28%), Pardosa palustris (7.86%), Trochosa ruricola (6.24%) and Alopecosa pulverulenta (4.38%). We confirmed the occurrence of two European important species of beetles (Carabus zawadzkii, Carabus variolosus) and 3 species of spiders belonging to the vulnerable species according to the IUCN threat status (Gongylidiellum vivum, Palliduphantes milleri and Xysticus lineatus). We also found the spider Micaria micans, which is new to the Slovak fauna and information about its distribution and habitat preferences in Slovakia is presented. Using multivariate analyzes (CCA, RDA) and classification species into bioindicative groups, we found a greater connection of adaptable and eurytopic species of ground beetles to the mesophilic meadow and of spiders to the habitat Nardetum pasture. Based on bioindicative groups of species (adaptable, eurytopic and relict), we found only a small difference in percentile points between spiders and beetles.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the spatial structure of spiders and beetles in 4 types of habitats in the Poloniny National Park. Between the years 2020 and 2021, we recorded 1,597 beetle specimens and 3,765 spider specimens using the pitfall trap method. The most represented beetles were Poecilus versicolor (53.4%), Nebria brevicollis (10.3%), Staphylinus caesareus (4.4%) and Amara familiaris (4.1%). Among the spiders, there were species Pardosa pullata (21.81%), Pachygnatha degeeri (14.21%), Xerolycosa nemoralis (10.28%), Pardosa palustris (7.86%), Trochosa ruricola (6.24%) and Alopecosa pulverulenta (4.38%). We confirmed the occurrence of two European important species of beetles (Carabus zawadzkii, Carabus variolosus) and 3 species of spiders belonging to the vulnerable species according to the IUCN threat status (Gongylidiellum vivum, Palliduphantes milleri and Xysticus lineatus). We also found the spider Micaria micans, which is new to the Slovak fauna and information about its distribution and habitat preferences in Slovakia is presented. Using multivariate analyzes (CCA, RDA) and classification species into bioindicative groups, we found a greater connection of adaptable and eurytopic species of ground beetles to the mesophilic meadow and of spiders to the habitat Nardetum pasture. Based on bioindicative groups of species (adaptable, eurytopic and relict), we found only a small difference in percentile points between spiders and beetles. |
Hodžić, Mirzeta Memišević; Ballian, Dalibor; Gömöry, Dušan Correlation of pedunculate oak leaf traits in situ and ex situ in Bosnia and Herzegovina Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 238–249, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Hod_i__2024, title = {Correlation of pedunculate oak leaf traits \textit{in situ} and \textit{ex situ} in Bosnia and Herzegovina}, author = {Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić and Dalibor Ballian and Dušan Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0022.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0022}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {238–249}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Pedunculate oak is an economically and ecologically very valuable species at the European level and for Bosnia and Hercegovina, and research into variation of this species is very important. In 2007, pedunculate oak leaf material was collected in 27 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina along with seeds, which were used to establish a provenance trial. In the trial, leaves were collected in 2021, and 14 morphological traits were measured in both types of material. Analysis of variance showed generally non-significant differences between generations, but significant variation among populations and population-by-generation interactions. However, the correlations between generations were non-significant for most traits, and neither were the correlations with climatic parameters. The results indicate both genetic and environmental effects on leaf morphology. The utility of leaf morphology for gene conservation is shortly discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pedunculate oak is an economically and ecologically very valuable species at the European level and for Bosnia and Hercegovina, and research into variation of this species is very important. In 2007, pedunculate oak leaf material was collected in 27 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina along with seeds, which were used to establish a provenance trial. In the trial, leaves were collected in 2021, and 14 morphological traits were measured in both types of material. Analysis of variance showed generally non-significant differences between generations, but significant variation among populations and population-by-generation interactions. However, the correlations between generations were non-significant for most traits, and neither were the correlations with climatic parameters. The results indicate both genetic and environmental effects on leaf morphology. The utility of leaf morphology for gene conservation is shortly discussed. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed Triacontanol ‘TRIA’ application to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and salinity stress under in vitro culture of date palm plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 250–262, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Al_Mayahi_2024, title = {Triacontanol ‘TRIA’ application to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and salinity stress under \textit{in vitro} culture of date palm plants}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0023.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0023}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {250–262}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {This study was conducted to attempt adaptation to combined drought and salt stresses (DS) (PEG- 6000 + NaCl) in date palm cv. Barhee implanted in vitro, keeping in mind the detrimental influence of DS. In vitro experimentation was executed on P. dactylifera L. to examine the efficacy of the application of triacontanol (TRIA), on growth attributes, and some biochemical constituents under DS. The optimal treatment was 10 µg l–1 TRIA. Such treatment under DS improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 215.0 mg. This treatment also showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (72.23% and 10.30 shoots, respectively) under DS stress. TRIA enhanced DS tolerance by increasing the contents of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, total soluble carbohydrates, and total soluble proteins, were obtained by adding 20 and 10 mg l–1 TRIA. This treatment was also more effective under DS in increasing Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, as well as Fe2+, and chlorophyll pigment. These results also indicate that using 10 µg l–1 TRIA as a supplement under DS can increase SOD, APX, and PAL activity, to 31.68, 3.377 unit g–1 min–1, and 33.78%, respectively. Data analysis also indicated that the application of 10 µg l–1 TRIA countered the DS-induced harmful effects by reducing the content of malondialdehyd (MDA) and H2O2 in stressed tissues to 1.06, and 1.278 μMg of fresh weight (FW). Our work could reveal detailed changes in the quantity and number of protein bands by SDS-PAGE. New protein bands appeared in both stressed with TRIA-treated plants. The result of the present study will be useful for rapid clonal propagation of date palm which can be used to enhance the tolerance of plants to drought and salt stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study was conducted to attempt adaptation to combined drought and salt stresses (DS) (PEG- 6000 + NaCl) in date palm cv. Barhee implanted in vitro, keeping in mind the detrimental influence of DS. In vitro experimentation was executed on P. dactylifera L. to examine the efficacy of the application of triacontanol (TRIA), on growth attributes, and some biochemical constituents under DS. The optimal treatment was 10 µg l–1 TRIA. Such treatment under DS improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 215.0 mg. This treatment also showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (72.23% and 10.30 shoots, respectively) under DS stress. TRIA enhanced DS tolerance by increasing the contents of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, total soluble carbohydrates, and total soluble proteins, were obtained by adding 20 and 10 mg l–1 TRIA. This treatment was also more effective under DS in increasing Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, as well as Fe2+, and chlorophyll pigment. These results also indicate that using 10 µg l–1 TRIA as a supplement under DS can increase SOD, APX, and PAL activity, to 31.68, 3.377 unit g–1 min–1, and 33.78%, respectively. Data analysis also indicated that the application of 10 µg l–1 TRIA countered the DS-induced harmful effects by reducing the content of malondialdehyd (MDA) and H2O2 in stressed tissues to 1.06, and 1.278 μMg of fresh weight (FW). Our work could reveal detailed changes in the quantity and number of protein bands by SDS-PAGE. New protein bands appeared in both stressed with TRIA-treated plants. The result of the present study will be useful for rapid clonal propagation of date palm which can be used to enhance the tolerance of plants to drought and salt stress. |
Sukumaran, Arun; Khanduri, Vinod Prasad; Gairola, Sumeet; Sharma, Chandra Mohan Floral traits and functional role of whorls in pollinator attraction of Magnolia grandiflora L. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 263-274, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Sukumaran_2024, title = {Floral traits and functional role of whorls in pollinator attraction of \textit{Magnolia grandiflora} L.}, author = {Arun Sukumaran and Vinod Prasad Khanduri and Sumeet Gairola and Chandra Mohan Sharma}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0024.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0024}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {263-274}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Species within the primitive genus Magnolia may often produce specialized floral traits and behaviour to grab the attention of potential pollinators from their surroundings. These reproductive traits in plants undergo various selection pressures and frequently bring forth variations to adapt to the new habitat that may result in speciation. We have aimed to understand the floral traits, the functional role of floral parts, and the variable response of visitors in Magnolia grandiflora belonging to an ancient order Magnoliales. Our observations reveal that the floral traits of M. grandiflora resemble those of basal angiosperms, conforming to the primitive existence of the genus Magnolia. The inconsistency in floral form reflected that M. grandiflora has been experiencing various selection pressures from biotic and abiotic factors. Inconsistency in floral equations and diagrams reflect the structural variability in flowers, which can directly impact pollination and reproductive output. SEM images of pollen grains reveal that the pollen grains were monocolpate and boat-shaped in structure. GC-MS analysis showed that VOCs in stigmatic exudation of the flower were largely composed of terpene hydrocarbons such as Perthenine, β-Elemene, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, Bicyclogermacrene, Germacrene A and D, etc. Beyond pollinators attraction, VOCs play a major role in repelling unwanted visitors and in improving the defensive mechanisms in Magnolia. Beetles, bees, and flies were found to be the active pollinators and the behaviour of bees indicates that bees were trying to replace the role of beetles in pollinating M. grandiflora. In summary, floral whorls were diversely functionalized to ensure maximum reproduction in M. grandiflora.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species within the primitive genus Magnolia may often produce specialized floral traits and behaviour to grab the attention of potential pollinators from their surroundings. These reproductive traits in plants undergo various selection pressures and frequently bring forth variations to adapt to the new habitat that may result in speciation. We have aimed to understand the floral traits, the functional role of floral parts, and the variable response of visitors in Magnolia grandiflora belonging to an ancient order Magnoliales. Our observations reveal that the floral traits of M. grandiflora resemble those of basal angiosperms, conforming to the primitive existence of the genus Magnolia. The inconsistency in floral form reflected that M. grandiflora has been experiencing various selection pressures from biotic and abiotic factors. Inconsistency in floral equations and diagrams reflect the structural variability in flowers, which can directly impact pollination and reproductive output. SEM images of pollen grains reveal that the pollen grains were monocolpate and boat-shaped in structure. GC-MS analysis showed that VOCs in stigmatic exudation of the flower were largely composed of terpene hydrocarbons such as Perthenine, β-Elemene, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, Bicyclogermacrene, Germacrene A and D, etc. Beyond pollinators attraction, VOCs play a major role in repelling unwanted visitors and in improving the defensive mechanisms in Magnolia. Beetles, bees, and flies were found to be the active pollinators and the behaviour of bees indicates that bees were trying to replace the role of beetles in pollinating M. grandiflora. In summary, floral whorls were diversely functionalized to ensure maximum reproduction in M. grandiflora. |
Kunakh, Olga; Ivanko, Irina; Holoborodko, Kyrylo; Zhukov, Olexander A spontaneous spread of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.): the importance of seed and vegetative reproduction Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 120-135, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Kunakh_2024, title = {A spontaneous spread of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.): the importance of seed and vegetative reproduction}, author = {Olga Kunakh and Irina Ivanko and Kyrylo Holoborodko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0012}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {120-135}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The importance of seed and vegetative propagation for the spontaneous expansion of black locust on abandoned agricultural land was evaluated in the present study. The dynamics of expansion was reconstructed on the basis of spatial distribution data on the age of individuals of this species. A non-homogeneous Poisson process with a linear trend and a Widom-Rowlinson model were the most appropriate in explaining the spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia individuals. The negative linear trend was statistically significant for the vast majority of polygons in the area of spontaneous expansion of R. pseudoacacia, but insignificant in the artificial plantation. The model parameter η indicates the aggregated spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the zone of spontaneous spread due to the vegetative mechanism of spread. The distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the artificial tree plantation was close to regular, or either random or aggregated. In the early stages, the seed reproduction is the most likely process of R. pseudoacacia spreading. The seed mechanism of spreading follows a spatial pattern, which is explained by a linear trend. The next stage is a combination of both seed and vegetative mechanisms of spread, which also lasts about 4–5 years. At the last stage, the spread occurs mainly through the vegetative mechanism, and the rate of spread of the community slows down significantly. The trigger for the spread is anthropogenic impact.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The importance of seed and vegetative propagation for the spontaneous expansion of black locust on abandoned agricultural land was evaluated in the present study. The dynamics of expansion was reconstructed on the basis of spatial distribution data on the age of individuals of this species. A non-homogeneous Poisson process with a linear trend and a Widom-Rowlinson model were the most appropriate in explaining the spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia individuals. The negative linear trend was statistically significant for the vast majority of polygons in the area of spontaneous expansion of R. pseudoacacia, but insignificant in the artificial plantation. The model parameter η indicates the aggregated spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the zone of spontaneous spread due to the vegetative mechanism of spread. The distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the artificial tree plantation was close to regular, or either random or aggregated. In the early stages, the seed reproduction is the most likely process of R. pseudoacacia spreading. The seed mechanism of spreading follows a spatial pattern, which is explained by a linear trend. The next stage is a combination of both seed and vegetative mechanisms of spread, which also lasts about 4–5 years. At the last stage, the spread occurs mainly through the vegetative mechanism, and the rate of spread of the community slows down significantly. The trigger for the spread is anthropogenic impact. |
Tsiaras, Stefanos; Chavenetidou, Marina; Koulelis, Panagiotis P A multiple criteria decision analysis approach for assessing the quality of hardwood species used by Greek timber industries Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 109-119, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Tsiaras_2024, title = {A multiple criteria decision analysis approach for assessing the quality of hardwood species used by Greek timber industries}, author = {Stefanos Tsiaras and Marina Chavenetidou and Panagiotis P Koulelis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0011}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {109-119}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Timber industries make an essential contribution to economies worldwide, while the sustainable supply of timber generates revenue, supports employment, and contributes to economic activity. The strategic choice of wood species using specific criteria can have substantial economic outcomes for the timber industry in Greece. This study assessed the suitability of hardwood species most commonly used by Greek timber industries. The assessment was conducted with the use of a Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, taking into consideration specific criteria that affect the quality of timber. According to the findings, walnut was the optimal alternative that outranked the other examined species. Chestnut, oak, beech, ash, and hornbeam also achieved positive scores, and therefore, they are also acceptable alternatives as broadleaved species suitable for furniture manufacturing and sawn timber production. Greek timber industries can enhance their products’ value and market appeal by focusing on species that meet high-quality standards and consumer preferences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Timber industries make an essential contribution to economies worldwide, while the sustainable supply of timber generates revenue, supports employment, and contributes to economic activity. The strategic choice of wood species using specific criteria can have substantial economic outcomes for the timber industry in Greece. This study assessed the suitability of hardwood species most commonly used by Greek timber industries. The assessment was conducted with the use of a Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, taking into consideration specific criteria that affect the quality of timber. According to the findings, walnut was the optimal alternative that outranked the other examined species. Chestnut, oak, beech, ash, and hornbeam also achieved positive scores, and therefore, they are also acceptable alternatives as broadleaved species suitable for furniture manufacturing and sawn timber production. Greek timber industries can enhance their products’ value and market appeal by focusing on species that meet high-quality standards and consumer preferences. |
➤ Volume 51(1) 2024
Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis Litter mixture effects on decomposition change with forest succession and are influenced by time and soil fauna in tropical mountain Andes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 1–17, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Castillo_Figueroa_2024, title = {Litter mixture effects on decomposition change with forest succession and are influenced by time and soil fauna in tropical mountain Andes}, author = {Dennis Castillo-Figueroa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0001}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {1–17}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In highly transformed regions, such as the tropical Andes, identifying the influence of forest succession and soil fauna on non-additive effects of litter decomposition is crucial for gaining a more realistic understanding of carbon dynamics and nutrient cycles. The objective of this paper was to analyze the changes of litter mixture effects on decomposition between different soil fauna treatments (macrofauna inclusion vs macrofauna exclusion) and successional stages (mature forests vs secondary forests) in upper Andean tropical forests along time by using a reciprocal translocation experiment of 1,344 litterbags that ran for 18 months with six common native Andean species. Thought t-tests, linear regressions, and linear mixed models, I found that litter mixture effects vary among sites and increase with time in secondary forests until the year of decomposition in litterbags with macrofauna exclusion. Mature forests exhibited strong antagonistic effects, while pronounced synergistic effects were observed in secondary forests. Although soil macrofauna did not increase significantly litter decomposition and synergistic effects in the mixtures at any of the stages of decay, it is likely that soil macrofauna may impact litter mixtures through top-down effects within soil food webs, rather than exerting a direct effect in the litter consumption as has been reported in tropical lowland ecosystems. Overall, this study supports the idea that litter mixtures exhibit significant variability across sites, can change with successional stage, and are influenced by soil fauna depending on the stage of decay in tropical Andean montane forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In highly transformed regions, such as the tropical Andes, identifying the influence of forest succession and soil fauna on non-additive effects of litter decomposition is crucial for gaining a more realistic understanding of carbon dynamics and nutrient cycles. The objective of this paper was to analyze the changes of litter mixture effects on decomposition between different soil fauna treatments (macrofauna inclusion vs macrofauna exclusion) and successional stages (mature forests vs secondary forests) in upper Andean tropical forests along time by using a reciprocal translocation experiment of 1,344 litterbags that ran for 18 months with six common native Andean species. Thought t-tests, linear regressions, and linear mixed models, I found that litter mixture effects vary among sites and increase with time in secondary forests until the year of decomposition in litterbags with macrofauna exclusion. Mature forests exhibited strong antagonistic effects, while pronounced synergistic effects were observed in secondary forests. Although soil macrofauna did not increase significantly litter decomposition and synergistic effects in the mixtures at any of the stages of decay, it is likely that soil macrofauna may impact litter mixtures through top-down effects within soil food webs, rather than exerting a direct effect in the litter consumption as has been reported in tropical lowland ecosystems. Overall, this study supports the idea that litter mixtures exhibit significant variability across sites, can change with successional stage, and are influenced by soil fauna depending on the stage of decay in tropical Andean montane forests. |
Jauschová, Terézia; Sarvašová, Lenka; Saniga, Miroslav; Langraf, Vladimír; Holecová, Milada; Honěk, Alois; Martinková, Zdenka; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Kulfan, Ján; Zach, Peter Ladybird (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) communities on nonnative blue spruce in central Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 18–28, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Jauschov__2024, title = {Ladybird (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) communities on nonnative blue spruce in central Europe}, author = {Terézia Jauschová and Lenka Sarvašová and Miroslav Saniga and Vladimír Langraf and Milada Holecová and Alois Honěk and Zdenka Martinková and Jiří Skuhrovec and Ján Kulfan and Peter Zach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0002}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {18–28}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Blue spruce (Picea pungens) has been planted in urban greenery as an ornamental tree in central Europe for more than 150 years. We investigated whether this nonnative spruce is a convenient habitat for ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). In 2021 and 2022, adults and larvae were sampled in four towns in Slovakia at monthly intervals throughout the growing season, from April to October. We recorded adults of 27 species and larvae of 11 ladybird species. Conifer specialist ladybird species predominated both in adult and larval communities (adults – 9 species, 85.2% of all individuals; larvae – 7 species, 92.1% of all individuals). Exochomus quadripustulatus and Aphidecta obliterata were the most common in adult (31.8% and 33.5% of all individuals, respectively) and larval (57.5% and 25.1% of all individuals, respectively) communities. The most abundant generalist species was nonnative invasive Harmonia axyridis (adults – 5.6%, larvae – 6.8% of all individuals). Adults and larvae of ladybirds were more abundant on solitary trees than on trees growing in groups. Our results confirmed that blue spruce hosts rich ladybird communities and provides them shelter and food resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Blue spruce (Picea pungens) has been planted in urban greenery as an ornamental tree in central Europe for more than 150 years. We investigated whether this nonnative spruce is a convenient habitat for ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). In 2021 and 2022, adults and larvae were sampled in four towns in Slovakia at monthly intervals throughout the growing season, from April to October. We recorded adults of 27 species and larvae of 11 ladybird species. Conifer specialist ladybird species predominated both in adult and larval communities (adults – 9 species, 85.2% of all individuals; larvae – 7 species, 92.1% of all individuals). Exochomus quadripustulatus and Aphidecta obliterata were the most common in adult (31.8% and 33.5% of all individuals, respectively) and larval (57.5% and 25.1% of all individuals, respectively) communities. The most abundant generalist species was nonnative invasive Harmonia axyridis (adults – 5.6%, larvae – 6.8% of all individuals). Adults and larvae of ladybirds were more abundant on solitary trees than on trees growing in groups. Our results confirmed that blue spruce hosts rich ladybird communities and provides them shelter and food resources. |
Mwakalukwa, Ezekiel Edward; Andrew, Samora Macrice Structure, regeneration and carbon stocks of woody plants in the Litwang’ata village land forest reserve, Southwest Tanzania Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 29–38, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Mwakalukwa_2024, title = {Structure, regeneration and carbon stocks of woody plants in the Litwang’ata village land forest reserve, Southwest Tanzania}, author = {Ezekiel Edward Mwakalukwa and Samora Macrice Andrew}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0003}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {29–38}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The plant biodiversity status of many village land forest reserves is little known to support meaningful implementation of sustainable forest management objectives in Tanzania. This study was conducted to assess the status of Litwang’ata village land forest reserve in Ludewa district, Southwest Tanzania through 20 square sample plots of 10 × 10 m. A total of 20 woody plant species belonging to 12 families and 19 genera with DBH ≥ 5 cm were identified in the study forest. The most important species with their importance value index were Brachystegia spiciformis (78.02), Brachystegia boehmii (22.05), Faurea saligna (15.18), Uapaca kirkiana (14), Acacia amythethophylla (13.07), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (12.76) and Gardenia ternifolia (10.36). The forest had a Shannon diversity index (H´) of 2.27, indicating medium diversity. Stand structure comprised 1,330 ± 523 stems ha–1, basal area of 18.97 ± 6.81 m2 ha–1 and stand volume of 142.36 ± 52.17 m3 ha–1. The mean above- and belowground carbon stocks were 46.97 ± 17.23 Mg ha–1 and 23.90 ± 8.58 Mg ha–1 respectively. The higher tree densities, basal area, stand volume and carbon stocks recorded in this study compared to other Miombo woodlands indicate that Litwang’ata forest is still in good condition, and managment efforts should be strengthened to bolster biodiversity conservation for present and future generations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The plant biodiversity status of many village land forest reserves is little known to support meaningful implementation of sustainable forest management objectives in Tanzania. This study was conducted to assess the status of Litwang’ata village land forest reserve in Ludewa district, Southwest Tanzania through 20 square sample plots of 10 × 10 m. A total of 20 woody plant species belonging to 12 families and 19 genera with DBH ≥ 5 cm were identified in the study forest. The most important species with their importance value index were Brachystegia spiciformis (78.02), Brachystegia boehmii (22.05), Faurea saligna (15.18), Uapaca kirkiana (14), Acacia amythethophylla (13.07), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (12.76) and Gardenia ternifolia (10.36). The forest had a Shannon diversity index (H´) of 2.27, indicating medium diversity. Stand structure comprised 1,330 ± 523 stems ha–1, basal area of 18.97 ± 6.81 m2 ha–1 and stand volume of 142.36 ± 52.17 m3 ha–1. The mean above- and belowground carbon stocks were 46.97 ± 17.23 Mg ha–1 and 23.90 ± 8.58 Mg ha–1 respectively. The higher tree densities, basal area, stand volume and carbon stocks recorded in this study compared to other Miombo woodlands indicate that Litwang’ata forest is still in good condition, and managment efforts should be strengthened to bolster biodiversity conservation for present and future generations. |
Baek, Gyeongwon; Kim, Choonsig Litterfall, litter decomposition, and carbon storage of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis stands in South Korea Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 39–46, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Baek_2024, title = {Litterfall, litter decomposition, and carbon storage of \textit{Pinus densiflora} and \textit{Quercus variabilis} stands in South Korea}, author = {Gyeongwon Baek and Choonsig Kim}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0004}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {39–46}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The quantification of carbon (C) storage of different stand types is a key component for understanding forest C cycles and potential climate change. This study evaluated the effects of stand types on litterfall, litter decomposition, and forest C storage in Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus variabilis Blume stands in southern Korea. The aboveground C storage by tree biomass was not affected (P > 0.05) by stand types (P. densiflora: 79.49 Mg C ha–1; Q. variabilis: 96.37 Mg C ha–1). However, total C inputs by litterfall were significantly higher for the P. densiflora (4,473 kg C ha–1 year–1) than for the Q. variabilis (2,633 kg C ha–1 year–1) stands. Organic C over litter decomposition processes was more rapidly mineralized in the leaf litter of Q. variabilis than in needle litter of P. densiflora, but C storage on the forest floor was not affected by different stand types. Total soil C storage was not significantly different between the Q. variabilis (55.71 Mg C ha–1) and P. densiflora (80.49 Mg C ha–1), whereas the C concentrations at each soil depth were significantly higher in the P. densiflora than in the Q. variabilis stands, except for the subsurface depth (30–50 cm). These results indicate that the distribution of C storage in P. densiflora and Q. variabilis stands is less susceptible to interspecific differences, such as litterfall inputs and decomposition rates.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The quantification of carbon (C) storage of different stand types is a key component for understanding forest C cycles and potential climate change. This study evaluated the effects of stand types on litterfall, litter decomposition, and forest C storage in Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus variabilis Blume stands in southern Korea. The aboveground C storage by tree biomass was not affected (P > 0.05) by stand types (P. densiflora: 79.49 Mg C ha–1; Q. variabilis: 96.37 Mg C ha–1). However, total C inputs by litterfall were significantly higher for the P. densiflora (4,473 kg C ha–1 year–1) than for the Q. variabilis (2,633 kg C ha–1 year–1) stands. Organic C over litter decomposition processes was more rapidly mineralized in the leaf litter of Q. variabilis than in needle litter of P. densiflora, but C storage on the forest floor was not affected by different stand types. Total soil C storage was not significantly different between the Q. variabilis (55.71 Mg C ha–1) and P. densiflora (80.49 Mg C ha–1), whereas the C concentrations at each soil depth were significantly higher in the P. densiflora than in the Q. variabilis stands, except for the subsurface depth (30–50 cm). These results indicate that the distribution of C storage in P. densiflora and Q. variabilis stands is less susceptible to interspecific differences, such as litterfall inputs and decomposition rates. |
Ambas, Asfarinawati D; Khatta, Aida Nabihah M; Kodoh, Julius; Kamu, Assis; Chiang, Liew Kang; Terhem, Razak; Besar, Normah Awang; Hassan, Affendy Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) root distribution seedlings in response to nitrogen concentrations and tillage Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 47–55, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Ambas_2024, title = {\textit{Falcataria moluccana} (Miq.) root distribution seedlings in response to nitrogen concentrations and tillage}, author = {Asfarinawati D Ambas and Aida Nabihah M Khatta and Julius Kodoh and Assis Kamu and Liew Kang Chiang and Razak Terhem and Normah Awang Besar and Affendy Hassan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0005}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {47–55}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barnaby & Grimes is an important species for forest plantation programmes in Malaysia and is widely used in the wood industry. However, its root interactions have not been widely investigated due to the limited methodologies and information about the root distribution of trees and crops in forest plantation and agroforestry systems. This study was conducted to determine the rhizotron-scale root interactions of F. moluccana at different tillage and nitrogen concentrations under four different treatments: control, tillage, fertiliser, and tillage with fertiliser. The rhizotron-scale experiment was conducted at a greenhouse where F. moluccana (Batai) seedlings were transplanted in transparent rhizotron tubes (onemetre-high transparent polycarbonate solid sheet) using topsoil and river sand to simulate natural growing conditions. Root Intensity (RI), Root Length Density (RLD), Specific Root Length (SRL), dried shoot bio-mass and root biomass were recorded. Root biomass and SRL were notably higher (25–50 cm depth) at 6 WAT (Weeks After Transplanting), and the shoot biomass (tillage + fertiliser) was significantly higher at 14 WAT. However, plants treated with different tillage and nitrogen concentrations showed no significant impact on the RI and RLD. Fertiliser treatment only, and tillage with fertiliser treatment, showed greater root distribution at the rhizotron scale. These findings contribute to forest plantation and natural forest rehabilitation efforts by helping optimise the soil resources within ecosystems for sustainable forest management.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barnaby & Grimes is an important species for forest plantation programmes in Malaysia and is widely used in the wood industry. However, its root interactions have not been widely investigated due to the limited methodologies and information about the root distribution of trees and crops in forest plantation and agroforestry systems. This study was conducted to determine the rhizotron-scale root interactions of F. moluccana at different tillage and nitrogen concentrations under four different treatments: control, tillage, fertiliser, and tillage with fertiliser. The rhizotron-scale experiment was conducted at a greenhouse where F. moluccana (Batai) seedlings were transplanted in transparent rhizotron tubes (onemetre-high transparent polycarbonate solid sheet) using topsoil and river sand to simulate natural growing conditions. Root Intensity (RI), Root Length Density (RLD), Specific Root Length (SRL), dried shoot bio-mass and root biomass were recorded. Root biomass and SRL were notably higher (25–50 cm depth) at 6 WAT (Weeks After Transplanting), and the shoot biomass (tillage + fertiliser) was significantly higher at 14 WAT. However, plants treated with different tillage and nitrogen concentrations showed no significant impact on the RI and RLD. Fertiliser treatment only, and tillage with fertiliser treatment, showed greater root distribution at the rhizotron scale. These findings contribute to forest plantation and natural forest rehabilitation efforts by helping optimise the soil resources within ecosystems for sustainable forest management. |
Al-Asadi, Ahmed Z R; Al-Mayahi, Ahmed M W; Awad, Khairullah M Effects of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on in vitro growthand shoot regeneration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 56–65, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Al_Asadi_2024, title = {Effects of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on \textit{in vitro} growthand shoot regeneration of date palm (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) cv. Barhee}, author = {Ahmed Z R Al-Asadi and Ahmed M W Al-Mayahi and Khairullah M Awad}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0006}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {56–65}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of the dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) (DIC) and casein hydrolysate (CH) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication, and some biochemical constituents of date palm cv. Barhee cultured in vitro. Both DIC and CH were required for callus growth and shoots regeneration. The medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC in combination with 1.0 g l−1 CH gave the highest callus weight (287 mg), while the maximum response rate and the number of shoots per jar (86.67% and 15.07 shoots/jar) were found in MS media equipped with 4 mg l−1 DIC and 0.5 mg l−1 CH combination. The total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.82 and 0.79 mg GAE g–1 in shoots cultured in the medium equipped with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC with 0.5 and 1.0 g l−1 CH, which is reflected in the rate of browning. The results showed that the highest shoots content of endogenous IAA (3.71 and 3.50 μg g−1), were obtained in response to 4 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH and 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 0.5 g l−1 CH, respectively. The macronutrient K, P, Ca, and free amino acids content significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH. The genetic stability of this study was confirmed by the DNA-based fingerprinting method RAPD. The RAPD binding patterns indicated no variation among tissue culture-derived plants. The in vitro propagation protocol described herein can be introduced to the production of genetically stable date palm plants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of the dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) (DIC) and casein hydrolysate (CH) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication, and some biochemical constituents of date palm cv. Barhee cultured in vitro. Both DIC and CH were required for callus growth and shoots regeneration. The medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC in combination with 1.0 g l−1 CH gave the highest callus weight (287 mg), while the maximum response rate and the number of shoots per jar (86.67% and 15.07 shoots/jar) were found in MS media equipped with 4 mg l−1 DIC and 0.5 mg l−1 CH combination. The total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.82 and 0.79 mg GAE g–1 in shoots cultured in the medium equipped with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC with 0.5 and 1.0 g l−1 CH, which is reflected in the rate of browning. The results showed that the highest shoots content of endogenous IAA (3.71 and 3.50 μg g−1), were obtained in response to 4 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH and 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 0.5 g l−1 CH, respectively. The macronutrient K, P, Ca, and free amino acids content significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH. The genetic stability of this study was confirmed by the DNA-based fingerprinting method RAPD. The RAPD binding patterns indicated no variation among tissue culture-derived plants. The in vitro propagation protocol described herein can be introduced to the production of genetically stable date palm plants. |
Giovacchini, Pietro; Borghi, Lorenzo; Tartari, Davide; Cucci, Francesca; Caldarelli, Andrea; Tassinari, Massimo; Melandri, Pietro; Dinetti, Marco; Battisti, Corrado; Marsili, Letizia Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 66–74, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Giovacchini_2024, title = {Applying threat analysis approach in a small forest urban park (Northern Italy): local expert-based assessment to prioritize the management actions}, author = {Pietro Giovacchini and Lorenzo Borghi and Davide Tartari and Francesca Cucci and Andrea Caldarelli and Massimo Tassinari and Pietro Melandri and Marco Dinetti and Corrado Battisti and Letizia Marsili}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0007}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {66–74}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {To overcome the human-induced threats impacting on ecosystems, managers should focus on priorities. Here, we applied the expert-based Threat Analysis (TAN) in a forest urban park (Northern Italy), involving experts which ranked local threats, from the more to less impacting and following the IUCN classification. We also evaluated the level of knowledge of operators about these threats. Experts identified five priority target-specific threats: Roads and Railroads; Invasive-Non Native/Alien species; Other Ecosystem modifications; Recreational Activities, and Storms and Flooding. Storms and Flooding and Invasive-Non Native/Alien species appeared the threats with significant highest magnitude. Knowledge of threats is comparable without significant difference among them. However, Storms and Flooding and Roads and Railroads are the threats having both the highest level of knowledge by experts and the highest magnitude. At the opposite, Mowing was the less known threat regarding its regime and showed the lowest magnitude. TAN approach should be routinely used to build conceptual frameworks, ranking threats from the more to less impacting, therefore optimizing the management effort and developing local projects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To overcome the human-induced threats impacting on ecosystems, managers should focus on priorities. Here, we applied the expert-based Threat Analysis (TAN) in a forest urban park (Northern Italy), involving experts which ranked local threats, from the more to less impacting and following the IUCN classification. We also evaluated the level of knowledge of operators about these threats. Experts identified five priority target-specific threats: Roads and Railroads; Invasive-Non Native/Alien species; Other Ecosystem modifications; Recreational Activities, and Storms and Flooding. Storms and Flooding and Invasive-Non Native/Alien species appeared the threats with significant highest magnitude. Knowledge of threats is comparable without significant difference among them. However, Storms and Flooding and Roads and Railroads are the threats having both the highest level of knowledge by experts and the highest magnitude. At the opposite, Mowing was the less known threat regarding its regime and showed the lowest magnitude. TAN approach should be routinely used to build conceptual frameworks, ranking threats from the more to less impacting, therefore optimizing the management effort and developing local projects. |
Amadi, Nioking; Tasie, Fidelia; Luiselli, Luca; Fa, Julia E; Alawa, Nyimale G; Amuzie, Chidinma; Petrozzi, Fabio; Owoh, Albert; Wala, Chimela; Wodi, Peace S; Battisti, Corrado; Akani, Godfrey C; Ajuru, Mercy G Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 75–82, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Amadi_2024, title = {Nesting trees used by a pest bird (Village Weaver, \textit{Ploceus cucullatus}): a large field survey suggests further human conflicts with local stakeholders in Southern Nigeria}, author = {Nioking Amadi and Fidelia Tasie and Luca Luiselli and Julia E Fa and Nyimale G Alawa and Chidinma Amuzie and Fabio Petrozzi and Albert Owoh and Chimela Wala and Peace S Wodi and Corrado Battisti and Godfrey C Akani and Mercy G Ajuru}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0008}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {75–82}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) is a common colonial nesting bird widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. It is known to weave its nests from leaf strips from a variety of tree species (mainly coconuts trees, oil palm trees) associated with human settlement areas, grasses, and other available plants. In this regard, this bird was considered a pest for its impact on different economic activities. Although extensive literature is already available on the parasitic role of village weavers, there is still a lack of analytical data that outlines which tree species are used for nesting and in what proportion, as well as the related implications in terms of economic impacts. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive arrangement of trees used by this species for nesting in Southern Nigeria (West Africa), checking for possible different impacts on stakeholders. In April 2021, we searched for village weaver nesting in 95 sites in 77 communities from 24 local government areas in Southern Nigeria, during 14 field surveys. Within each site, we collected GPS coordinates and counted the number of active nests, nesting birds and occupied trees. We recorded a total of 5,776 nests and 2,140 birds in 94 plants belonging to 23 tree species selected for nesting. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; n = 45) was the most used tree species, as 2,990 (51.77%) nests and 873 (40.79%) birds were recorded. Our results indicate the preference for nesting on trees used by stakeholders belonging to agricultural (palm farmers), touristic (operators) and energy (gas flare stations) sectors with economic implications about the conflict with this pest species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) is a common colonial nesting bird widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. It is known to weave its nests from leaf strips from a variety of tree species (mainly coconuts trees, oil palm trees) associated with human settlement areas, grasses, and other available plants. In this regard, this bird was considered a pest for its impact on different economic activities. Although extensive literature is already available on the parasitic role of village weavers, there is still a lack of analytical data that outlines which tree species are used for nesting and in what proportion, as well as the related implications in terms of economic impacts. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive arrangement of trees used by this species for nesting in Southern Nigeria (West Africa), checking for possible different impacts on stakeholders. In April 2021, we searched for village weaver nesting in 95 sites in 77 communities from 24 local government areas in Southern Nigeria, during 14 field surveys. Within each site, we collected GPS coordinates and counted the number of active nests, nesting birds and occupied trees. We recorded a total of 5,776 nests and 2,140 birds in 94 plants belonging to 23 tree species selected for nesting. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; n = 45) was the most used tree species, as 2,990 (51.77%) nests and 873 (40.79%) birds were recorded. Our results indicate the preference for nesting on trees used by stakeholders belonging to agricultural (palm farmers), touristic (operators) and energy (gas flare stations) sectors with economic implications about the conflict with this pest species. |
esfahani, Farzaneh Moghbel; Payamnoor, Vahide; Sattarian, Ali Stomatal variations and their position relative to leaf epidermal cells in ten Maple species Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 83–92, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{esfahani_2024, title = {Stomatal variations and their position relative to leaf epidermal cells in ten Maple species}, author = {Farzaneh Moghbel esfahani and Vahide Payamnoor and Ali Sattarian}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0009}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {83–92}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In the present study, we investigated the structure of stomata in seven native species of Hyrcanian forests (Acer hyrcanum, A. velutinum Boiss., A. campestre, A. platanoides L., A. cappadocicum, A. monspessulanum, A. amazandaranicum), as well as non-native species that have fully adapted (A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum, and A. palmatum). We used light and electron microscopy to determine the form and position of the stomata in relation to the leaf epidermal cells. The length, width, shape, area, perimeter, and stomatal density were all measured. Our findings revealed that the stomata type of A. negundo varengiayum, A. campestre, A. hyrcanum, A. mazandaranicum and A. monsspesulanum is anomocytic, A. platanoides and A. cappadocicum have anomocytic stomata with wavy subsidiary cells, while A. palmatum has anisocytic stomata and A. velutinum has parasitic stomata. A. negundo has actinocytic stomata. Regarding the location of stomata relative to adjacent epidermal cells, we identified three types. In the first type, the stomata were flush with adjacent epidermal cells (A. cappadocicum, A. negundo, A. platanoides). In the second type, the stomata were higher (A. negundo variegatum), and in the third type, the stomata were lower (A. velutinum, A. monspesulanom, A. campestre, A. mazandaranicum, A. hyrcanum). The principal component analysis was used to determine the essential stomatal traits in differentiating between species. We also investigated the distribution of trees in the coordinate axis space based on two main components and performed cluster analysis based on stomatal characteristics. A. platanoides, A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum were in one cluster, while the other species were in separate clusters. The calculation of dissimilarity among the studied species revealed the lowest similarity between A. negundo and A. hyrcanum and the highest similarity between A. campestre and A. mazandaranicum. The results of the discriminant analysis identified stomatal density as the essential factor in differentiation between the studied species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the present study, we investigated the structure of stomata in seven native species of Hyrcanian forests (Acer hyrcanum, A. velutinum Boiss., A. campestre, A. platanoides L., A. cappadocicum, A. monspessulanum, A. amazandaranicum), as well as non-native species that have fully adapted (A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum, and A. palmatum). We used light and electron microscopy to determine the form and position of the stomata in relation to the leaf epidermal cells. The length, width, shape, area, perimeter, and stomatal density were all measured. Our findings revealed that the stomata type of A. negundo varengiayum, A. campestre, A. hyrcanum, A. mazandaranicum and A. monsspesulanum is anomocytic, A. platanoides and A. cappadocicum have anomocytic stomata with wavy subsidiary cells, while A. palmatum has anisocytic stomata and A. velutinum has parasitic stomata. A. negundo has actinocytic stomata. Regarding the location of stomata relative to adjacent epidermal cells, we identified three types. In the first type, the stomata were flush with adjacent epidermal cells (A. cappadocicum, A. negundo, A. platanoides). In the second type, the stomata were higher (A. negundo variegatum), and in the third type, the stomata were lower (A. velutinum, A. monspesulanom, A. campestre, A. mazandaranicum, A. hyrcanum). The principal component analysis was used to determine the essential stomatal traits in differentiating between species. We also investigated the distribution of trees in the coordinate axis space based on two main components and performed cluster analysis based on stomatal characteristics. A. platanoides, A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum were in one cluster, while the other species were in separate clusters. The calculation of dissimilarity among the studied species revealed the lowest similarity between A. negundo and A. hyrcanum and the highest similarity between A. campestre and A. mazandaranicum. The results of the discriminant analysis identified stomatal density as the essential factor in differentiation between the studied species. |
Goncharenko, Igor; Koniakin, Serhii; Leshcheniuk, Olena Giant hogweeds (Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi) in Ukraine: distribution, ecological and coenotical features Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 93–107, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Goncharenko_2024, title = {Giant hogweeds (\textit{Heracleum mantegazzianum} and \textit{H. sosnowskyi}) in Ukraine: distribution, ecological and coenotical features}, author = {Igor Goncharenko and Serhii Koniakin and Olena Leshcheniuk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0010}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {93–107}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The paper aims to study the distribution and communities of two giant hogweed species Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi in Ukraine. This research was motivated by strong invasive trends, risks for native vegetation and a lack of data on giant hogweeds in Ukraine. We presented phytosociological tables of giant hogweeds communities, maps of their modern distribution in Ukraine, a dendrogram of similarity of the communities, phytoindicative evaluation, and proportions of diagnostic species in the syntaxa. According to our survey and literature data, there are 102 locations of H. mantegazzianum and 405 locations of H. sosnowskyi throughout most of Ukraine, except for the steppe zone, where the limiting factor is the arid climate. The amplitudes of both studied Heracleum species have a significant overlap in the factors of humidity, nitrogen, and salt regime. There are differences between the species in the factors of light, temperature and continentality. The amplitudes of the studied species are the widest for moisture and the narrowest range for soil acidity. Both species favour soils enriched in nitrogen. Based on the phytosociological survey, the species forms two distinct associations Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum sosnowskyi and Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum mantegazzianii and also occurs with lower abundance in communities belonging to 8 vegetation classes. The obtained data can be used to carry out preventive measures against the further spread of giant hogweeds in new habitats with varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper aims to study the distribution and communities of two giant hogweed species Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi in Ukraine. This research was motivated by strong invasive trends, risks for native vegetation and a lack of data on giant hogweeds in Ukraine. We presented phytosociological tables of giant hogweeds communities, maps of their modern distribution in Ukraine, a dendrogram of similarity of the communities, phytoindicative evaluation, and proportions of diagnostic species in the syntaxa. According to our survey and literature data, there are 102 locations of H. mantegazzianum and 405 locations of H. sosnowskyi throughout most of Ukraine, except for the steppe zone, where the limiting factor is the arid climate. The amplitudes of both studied Heracleum species have a significant overlap in the factors of humidity, nitrogen, and salt regime. There are differences between the species in the factors of light, temperature and continentality. The amplitudes of the studied species are the widest for moisture and the narrowest range for soil acidity. Both species favour soils enriched in nitrogen. Based on the phytosociological survey, the species forms two distinct associations Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum sosnowskyi and Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum mantegazzianii and also occurs with lower abundance in communities belonging to 8 vegetation classes. The obtained data can be used to carry out preventive measures against the further spread of giant hogweeds in new habitats with varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation. |
➤ Volume 50(2) 2023
Tesha, Diana L; Mauya, Ernest W; Madundo, Sami D; Emily, Cosmas J Role of topography, soil and climate on forest species composition and diversity in the West Usambara Montane Forests of Tanzania Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 105 - 118, 2023. @article{Tesha2023, title = {Role of topography, soil and climate on forest species composition and diversity in the West Usambara Montane Forests of Tanzania}, author = {Diana L. Tesha and Ernest W. Mauya and Sami D. Madundo and Cosmas J. Emily}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0010.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0010}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {105 - 118}, abstract = {Understanding the variables that determine the variation in forest species composition and diversity in tropical montane systems remains a topic for discussion in plant ecology. This is especially true in areas where the topography is complex and forests are vulnerable to human activity. In this study, a set of topographic, soil, and climatic variables were used to determine their effects on the composition and diversity patterns of two forests in the West Usambara Mountains (Tanzania). Two-phase systematic sampling was used to collect vegetation data from 159 sample plots distributed across the forests. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used for forest community classification, and indicator species analysis was used to determine the species significantly associated with forest communities. The influence of environmental variables on forest communities was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Finally, we evaluated diversity patterns by comparing diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness, and richness) and beta diversity processes. In total, 7,767 individual trees belonged to 183 species, 132 genera, and 66 families were quantified. We found that (i) the forests of West Usambara can be divided into three different forest communities; (ii) each forest community has a specific set of topographical, soil, and climate variables; (iii) there are significant differences in Shannon diversity and richness indices among communities; and (iv) community composition is mostly influenced by species turnover than by species nestedness. Our study revealed the importance of considering a set of environmental variables related to climate, soil, and topography to understand the variation in the composition and diversity of forest communities in tropical montane forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the variables that determine the variation in forest species composition and diversity in tropical montane systems remains a topic for discussion in plant ecology. This is especially true in areas where the topography is complex and forests are vulnerable to human activity. In this study, a set of topographic, soil, and climatic variables were used to determine their effects on the composition and diversity patterns of two forests in the West Usambara Mountains (Tanzania). Two-phase systematic sampling was used to collect vegetation data from 159 sample plots distributed across the forests. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used for forest community classification, and indicator species analysis was used to determine the species significantly associated with forest communities. The influence of environmental variables on forest communities was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Finally, we evaluated diversity patterns by comparing diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness, and richness) and beta diversity processes. In total, 7,767 individual trees belonged to 183 species, 132 genera, and 66 families were quantified. We found that (i) the forests of West Usambara can be divided into three different forest communities; (ii) each forest community has a specific set of topographical, soil, and climate variables; (iii) there are significant differences in Shannon diversity and richness indices among communities; and (iv) community composition is mostly influenced by species turnover than by species nestedness. Our study revealed the importance of considering a set of environmental variables related to climate, soil, and topography to understand the variation in the composition and diversity of forest communities in tropical montane forests. |
Yakovenko, Volodymyr; Kunakh, Olga; Tutova, Hanna; Zhukov, Olexander Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 119 - 133, 2023. @article{Yakovenko2023, title = {Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve)}, author = {Volodymyr Yakovenko and Olga Kunakh and Hanna Tutova and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0011.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0011}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {119 - 133}, abstract = {The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain. |
Lopez, Garzon C X; Savickytė, Gabija Biodiversity in cities: the impact of biodiversity data across spatial scales on diversity estimates Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 134 - 146, 2023. @article{Lopez2023, title = {Biodiversity in cities: the impact of biodiversity data across spatial scales on diversity estimates}, author = {C.X. Garzon Lopez and Gabija Savickytė}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0012.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0012}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {134 - 146}, abstract = {The assessment and monitoring of biodiversity in urban areas has been shown to have enormous potential to inform integrative urban planning in cities. In this context, digital biodiversity repositories such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has been promoted for its central role in gathering and harmonizing biodiversity data worldwide, thereby facilitating these assessments and monitoring efforts. While GBIF data has been investigated for its potential at a large scale and in natural ecosystems, the question remains as to what extent, and in which context, is GBIF data applicable to urban biodiversity assessment and monitoring? In this study, we assessed the spatial patterns of biodiversity, by exploring species richness patterns in relation to land use types for three taxonomic groups (birds, mammals and arthropods) in three cities in The Netherlands (Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Groningen) at multiple spatial scales. We found significant variation in the effect of land uses on the species richness patterns, in terms of taxonomic group, spatial configuration and land cover type, and across spatial scales. Our study demonstrates the potential of GBIF data while highlighting the importance of the careful selection of one or multiple spatial scales, especially in relation to the taxonomic group characteristics and ecology and the spatial configuration of the cities studied.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The assessment and monitoring of biodiversity in urban areas has been shown to have enormous potential to inform integrative urban planning in cities. In this context, digital biodiversity repositories such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has been promoted for its central role in gathering and harmonizing biodiversity data worldwide, thereby facilitating these assessments and monitoring efforts. While GBIF data has been investigated for its potential at a large scale and in natural ecosystems, the question remains as to what extent, and in which context, is GBIF data applicable to urban biodiversity assessment and monitoring? In this study, we assessed the spatial patterns of biodiversity, by exploring species richness patterns in relation to land use types for three taxonomic groups (birds, mammals and arthropods) in three cities in The Netherlands (Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Groningen) at multiple spatial scales. We found significant variation in the effect of land uses on the species richness patterns, in terms of taxonomic group, spatial configuration and land cover type, and across spatial scales. Our study demonstrates the potential of GBIF data while highlighting the importance of the careful selection of one or multiple spatial scales, especially in relation to the taxonomic group characteristics and ecology and the spatial configuration of the cities studied. |
Bisht, Anchal; Khanduri, Vinod Prasad; Singh, Bhupendra; Riyal, Manoj Kumar; Kumar, Kewat Sanjay; Rawat, Deepa Pollen production, release and dispersion in Himalayan alder (Alnus nepalensis D. Don.): a major aeroallergens taxa Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 147 - 158, 2023. @article{Bisht2023, title = {Pollen production, release and dispersion in Himalayan alder (\textit{Alnus nepalensis} D. Don.): a major aeroallergens taxa}, author = {Anchal Bisht and Vinod Prasad Khanduri and Bhupendra Singh and Manoj Kumar Riyal and Kewat Sanjay Kumar and Deepa Rawat}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0013.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0013}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {147 - 158}, abstract = {Alnus nepalensis is a medium-sized, deciduous tree that occurs in the Indian sub-continent, South America, Hawaii, and China. It is a prolific pioneer species in freshly exposed soil in landslide areas of the western Himalayas and has the potential of fixing nitrogen. A study was conducted to assess the reproductive phenology, pollen production, pollen release, and pollen-mediated gene flow of Alnus nepalensis by considering a patch of trees as a pollen source in the temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya to develop sustainable management strategies relating to the plantation geometry in seed orchards. Staminate flowers of A. nepalensis are composed of “cymules”. The presence of bifid stigma and protandry condition were the unique features of the species. Flowering in the male phase was initiated in the last week of September and continued till November. Peak shedding of pollen generally proceeds peak receptivity by 1–2 weeks. The time between onset and peak flowering was 2 weeks 4 days and the total average duration of the flowering period was about 24.8 days. Temperature and relative humidity played a major role in pollen release and the maximum pollen release occurred at 29.2 °C at 13.00 hrs of the day. Pollen production per catkin varied significantly among trees. The average pollen grains per tree were 2.20 × 1010. The pollen-ovule ratio suggests that the breeding system of A. nepalensis falls under the class xenogamy. Pollen mediated gene flow revealed that the significant pollen which can cause pollination of A. nepalensis can travel up to 40 m uphill and 80 m in downhill directions. Thus, an isolation strip of 80 m is sufficient to manage the seed orchard of A. nepalensis in the western Himalayan region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alnus nepalensis is a medium-sized, deciduous tree that occurs in the Indian sub-continent, South America, Hawaii, and China. It is a prolific pioneer species in freshly exposed soil in landslide areas of the western Himalayas and has the potential of fixing nitrogen. A study was conducted to assess the reproductive phenology, pollen production, pollen release, and pollen-mediated gene flow of Alnus nepalensis by considering a patch of trees as a pollen source in the temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya to develop sustainable management strategies relating to the plantation geometry in seed orchards. Staminate flowers of A. nepalensis are composed of “cymules”. The presence of bifid stigma and protandry condition were the unique features of the species. Flowering in the male phase was initiated in the last week of September and continued till November. Peak shedding of pollen generally proceeds peak receptivity by 1–2 weeks. The time between onset and peak flowering was 2 weeks 4 days and the total average duration of the flowering period was about 24.8 days. Temperature and relative humidity played a major role in pollen release and the maximum pollen release occurred at 29.2 °C at 13.00 hrs of the day. Pollen production per catkin varied significantly among trees. The average pollen grains per tree were 2.20 × 1010. The pollen-ovule ratio suggests that the breeding system of A. nepalensis falls under the class xenogamy. Pollen mediated gene flow revealed that the significant pollen which can cause pollination of A. nepalensis can travel up to 40 m uphill and 80 m in downhill directions. Thus, an isolation strip of 80 m is sufficient to manage the seed orchard of A. nepalensis in the western Himalayan region. |
Chebykina, Ekaterina; Abakumov, Evgeny Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 159 - 164, 2023. @article{Chebykina2023, title = {Estimation of heavy metals content and regularities of its migration within a soil profile during pyrogenic soil formation in the context of the Scotch pine forest in Togljatty city}, author = {Ekaterina Chebykina and Evgeny Abakumov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0014.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0014}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {159 - 164}, abstract = {Forest fires are among the most significant disturbances on a global scale. Affecting biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles, forest fires play an important role in atmospheric chemical processes and the global carbon cycle. Using the example of the pyrogenic landscapes of the Samara region, this article reviews changes in the accumulation regularity of heavy metal content and its migration within a soil profile during pyrogenic soil formation. In the case of surface forest fires, the studied postpyrogenic soils are characterized by increased cadmium, nickel and zinc content in the Opyr pyrogenic horizon. In contrast, the content of all analyzed heavy metals decreases compared to the control for crown forest fires, indicating active element emissions into the atmosphere.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Forest fires are among the most significant disturbances on a global scale. Affecting biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles, forest fires play an important role in atmospheric chemical processes and the global carbon cycle. Using the example of the pyrogenic landscapes of the Samara region, this article reviews changes in the accumulation regularity of heavy metal content and its migration within a soil profile during pyrogenic soil formation. In the case of surface forest fires, the studied postpyrogenic soils are characterized by increased cadmium, nickel and zinc content in the Opyr pyrogenic horizon. In contrast, the content of all analyzed heavy metals decreases compared to the control for crown forest fires, indicating active element emissions into the atmosphere. |
Fargašová, Agáta; Nawaz, Ammara; Molnárová, Marianna A test battery approach for ecotoxicological evaluation of disinfectants prepared on the basis of sodium hypochlorite Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 165 - 173, 2023. @article{Fargašová2023, title = {A test battery approach for ecotoxicological evaluation of disinfectants prepared on the basis of sodium hypochlorite}, author = {Agáta Fargašová and Ammara Nawaz and Marianna Molnárová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0015.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0015}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {165 - 173}, abstract = {The research is related to the assessment of the overall sensitivity and applicability of many bioassays representing different trophic levels for the preliminary ecotoxicological testing of commercial disinfectants marked as SA (SAVO, Bochemie a.s., Czech Republic) and DoAm (Dom Amor, BOOS – Biologické substancie, Slovak Republic). Disinfectants were prepared based on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). SA contains only NaOCl while earthworm enzymes enrich DoAm. In both commercial products, the NaOCl content did not exceed 5%; pure NaOCl was used as a 10% solution as well. For bioassay, water organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna and Tubifex tubifex) situated in various trophic levels were used. All the tests were confirmed as suitable for the determination of chlorine’s adverse effects. Because the organisms’ reactions to the tested disinfectants varied, they can be arranged in the following rank order of sensitivity: V. fischeri ≥ D. subspicatus >> D. magna >> T. tubifex. The toxicity of the tested substances (NaOCl, SA, DoAm) depends on the length of exposure, the species of the organism and FAC (free available chlorine) content. The effective concentrations of the tested products ranged from 0.13 to 8.18 μL L–1, i.e., 0.014 to 0.26 mg L–1 of FAC. However, in the tests with T. tubifex and V. fischeri the toxic effect of NaOCl was the weakest; the tests with other two organisms confirmed this compound as the most toxic. Only for T. tubifex (96 hrs) did SA have a more adverse effect than DoAm.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The research is related to the assessment of the overall sensitivity and applicability of many bioassays representing different trophic levels for the preliminary ecotoxicological testing of commercial disinfectants marked as SA (SAVO, Bochemie a.s., Czech Republic) and DoAm (Dom Amor, BOOS – Biologické substancie, Slovak Republic). Disinfectants were prepared based on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). SA contains only NaOCl while earthworm enzymes enrich DoAm. In both commercial products, the NaOCl content did not exceed 5%; pure NaOCl was used as a 10% solution as well. For bioassay, water organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna and Tubifex tubifex) situated in various trophic levels were used. All the tests were confirmed as suitable for the determination of chlorine’s adverse effects. Because the organisms’ reactions to the tested disinfectants varied, they can be arranged in the following rank order of sensitivity: V. fischeri ≥ D. subspicatus >> D. magna >> T. tubifex. The toxicity of the tested substances (NaOCl, SA, DoAm) depends on the length of exposure, the species of the organism and FAC (free available chlorine) content. The effective concentrations of the tested products ranged from 0.13 to 8.18 μL L–1, i.e., 0.014 to 0.26 mg L–1 of FAC. However, in the tests with T. tubifex and V. fischeri the toxic effect of NaOCl was the weakest; the tests with other two organisms confirmed this compound as the most toxic. Only for T. tubifex (96 hrs) did SA have a more adverse effect than DoAm. |
Bentekhici, Meriem; Mehdadi, Zoheir; Latreche, Ali Seed germination behavior of Teucrium santae Quézel & Simonneau: a vulnerable and endemic Lamiaceae (Northwest Algeria) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 174 - 184, 2023. @article{Bentekhici2023, title = {Seed germination behavior of \textit{Teucrium santae} Quézel & Simonneau: a vulnerable and endemic Lamiaceae (Northwest Algeria)}, author = {Meriem Bentekhici and Zoheir Mehdadi and Ali Latreche}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0016.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0016}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {174 - 184}, abstract = {As part of the ex-situ conservation of the rare plant species Teucrium santae (Lamiaceae), which is native to Algeria flora, we conducted this study under controlled conditions to determine the optimal circumstances for the germination of its seeds in terms of light, temperature, and water stress. The seeds showed a double dormancy that could be overcome using scarification with sulfuric acid combined with soaking in Gibberellic acid at 1,500 ppm. The seed’s photosensitivity was tested afterward and found to be indifferent. The highest final germination percentage (75%) was obtained at a temperature of 20 °C. The temperature has no significant effect on the velocity coefficient, unlike the initial germination day and the mean germination time which decrease with increasing temperature. On the opposite of the velocity coefficient, water stress results in a tremendous depressive effect on the final germination percentage, initial germination time and mean germination time. The value of –1.2 MPa constitutes the water potential beyond which germination becomes impossible.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As part of the ex-situ conservation of the rare plant species Teucrium santae (Lamiaceae), which is native to Algeria flora, we conducted this study under controlled conditions to determine the optimal circumstances for the germination of its seeds in terms of light, temperature, and water stress. The seeds showed a double dormancy that could be overcome using scarification with sulfuric acid combined with soaking in Gibberellic acid at 1,500 ppm. The seed’s photosensitivity was tested afterward and found to be indifferent. The highest final germination percentage (75%) was obtained at a temperature of 20 °C. The temperature has no significant effect on the velocity coefficient, unlike the initial germination day and the mean germination time which decrease with increasing temperature. On the opposite of the velocity coefficient, water stress results in a tremendous depressive effect on the final germination percentage, initial germination time and mean germination time. The value of –1.2 MPa constitutes the water potential beyond which germination becomes impossible. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Hzaa, Ahmed Y L; Elsheery, Nabil I Foliar iron and zinc nano-fertilizers enhance growth, mineral uptake, and antioxidant defense in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 185 - 195, 2023. @article{Shareef2023, title = {Foliar iron and zinc nano-fertilizers enhance growth, mineral uptake, and antioxidant defense in date palm (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) seedlings}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Ahmed Y. L. Hzaa and Nabil I. Elsheery}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0017.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0017}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {185 - 195}, abstract = {Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and zinc enhances plant growth. This experiment investigated the role of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers (1 g l–1) in the adaptation of date palm seedlings (cv. Barhee) subjected to salt stress (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl). Nano-fertilizer increased plant height, length of roots, number of leaves, and roots. In contrast, salt stress led to reducing these parameters. Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and antioxidants such as soluble proteins, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzyme in the leaves. Abscisic acid also increased. Nano-fertilizers increased the chlorophyll and dry matter of the plant under salt stress. Nano-iron induced better seedling growth than nano-zinc, especially in the length of the roots. Nano-iron under salt stress increased iron and potassium concentration and K/Na ratio in leaves. Nano-fertilizers help the plant adapt to environmental stresses, and seedlings succeed in growing in saline sandy soils.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and zinc enhances plant growth. This experiment investigated the role of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers (1 g l–1) in the adaptation of date palm seedlings (cv. Barhee) subjected to salt stress (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl). Nano-fertilizer increased plant height, length of roots, number of leaves, and roots. In contrast, salt stress led to reducing these parameters. Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and antioxidants such as soluble proteins, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzyme in the leaves. Abscisic acid also increased. Nano-fertilizers increased the chlorophyll and dry matter of the plant under salt stress. Nano-iron induced better seedling growth than nano-zinc, especially in the length of the roots. Nano-iron under salt stress increased iron and potassium concentration and K/Na ratio in leaves. Nano-fertilizers help the plant adapt to environmental stresses, and seedlings succeed in growing in saline sandy soils. |
Gorban, Vadym; Huslystyi, Artem Changes in selected properties of Calcic Chernozem due to cultivation of Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 196 - 203, 2023. @article{Gorban2023, title = {Changes in selected properties of Calcic Chernozem due to cultivation of \textit{Robinia pseudoacacia} and \textit{Quercus robur}}, author = {Vadym Gorban and Artem Huslystyi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0018.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0018}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {196 - 203}, abstract = {The results of a comprehensive study on the particle size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem are presented, along with the impact of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Quercus robur L. plantations on these indicators. The study revealed that Calcic Chernozem under steppe vegetation and Q. robur plantation exhibited a silty clay loam texture. However, under the influence of R. pseudoacacia plantation, the chernozem’s texture transformed into loam. The planting of R. pseudoacacia resulted in a noticeable decrease in SOM content, while the growth of Q. robur plantations led to an increase in SOM content. Furthermore, both R. pseudoacacia and Q. robur plantations contributed to an increased content of plant-available water in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem. These findings highlight the more pronounced effect of R. pseudoacacia plantation on the particle size distribution, SOM content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem compared to Q. robur plantation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The results of a comprehensive study on the particle size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem are presented, along with the impact of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Quercus robur L. plantations on these indicators. The study revealed that Calcic Chernozem under steppe vegetation and Q. robur plantation exhibited a silty clay loam texture. However, under the influence of R. pseudoacacia plantation, the chernozem’s texture transformed into loam. The planting of R. pseudoacacia resulted in a noticeable decrease in SOM content, while the growth of Q. robur plantations led to an increase in SOM content. Furthermore, both R. pseudoacacia and Q. robur plantations contributed to an increased content of plant-available water in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem. These findings highlight the more pronounced effect of R. pseudoacacia plantation on the particle size distribution, SOM content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem compared to Q. robur plantation. |
Gomez, Jonatan; Nistal, Ayelen; Villagra, Elizabeth; Dettler, María Antonela; Vazquez, Florencia Anabella First record of Hyperphyscia coralloides (L.) Scutari growing on PET plastic within a fruit crops plot and its implications Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 204 - 206, 2023. @article{Gomez2023, title = {First record of \textit{Hyperphyscia coralloides} (L.) Scutari growing on PET plastic within a fruit crops plot and its implications}, author = {Jonatan Gomez and Ayelen Nistal and Elizabeth Villagra and María Antonela Dettler and Florencia Anabella Vazquez}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0019.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0019}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {204 - 206}, abstract = {In a fruit crop located in the Lujan district (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), we exposed plastic bottles to the environment for three years. We explored microplastics’ presence on thalli. Out of the potential five lichen species only one grew: Hyperphyscia coralloides. Microplastic particles were observed on the thalli. The present work represents the first record of H. coralloides growing on PET plastic. Considering the largest thalli size recorded, the results of the growth rate are similar in an average to those recorded for fruticose species. Finally, our results suggest that the contact of H. coralloides with microplastics may be a potential pathway for the incorporation of microplastics into ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In a fruit crop located in the Lujan district (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), we exposed plastic bottles to the environment for three years. We explored microplastics’ presence on thalli. Out of the potential five lichen species only one grew: Hyperphyscia coralloides. Microplastic particles were observed on the thalli. The present work represents the first record of H. coralloides growing on PET plastic. Considering the largest thalli size recorded, the results of the growth rate are similar in an average to those recorded for fruticose species. Finally, our results suggest that the contact of H. coralloides with microplastics may be a potential pathway for the incorporation of microplastics into ecosystems. |
Prokopuk, Mariana; Holiaka, Dmytrii; Zub, Lesya Current distribution and modeling of potential distribution of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John at the territory of Ukraine and Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 207 - 219, 2023. @article{Prokopuk2023, title = {Current distribution and modeling of potential distribution of \textit{Elodea nuttallii} (Planch.) H. St. John at the territory of Ukraine and Europe}, author = {Mariana Prokopuk and Dmytrii Holiaka and Lesya Zub}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0020.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0020}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {207 - 219}, abstract = {Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John – an invasive species that actively expands the boundaries of its secondary range. This work presents the current and predicted future distribution of E. nuttallii in Europe. The spread of the species is observed in northern areas with a mild oceanic climate (with mild winters and cool, rainy summers) formed by Atlantic cyclones. E. nuttallii occurs in aquatic biotopes throughout the temperate climatic zone and partially occurs in the subtropical. It was established that the most important factors in determining the possibility of a plant’s spread are the amount of precipitation in the driest month, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, and altitude above the sea level. According to the data collected, the species is at its ecological optimum in most of Europe. Most of the changes expected in the next 100 years will take place in the next 30–40 years.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John – an invasive species that actively expands the boundaries of its secondary range. This work presents the current and predicted future distribution of E. nuttallii in Europe. The spread of the species is observed in northern areas with a mild oceanic climate (with mild winters and cool, rainy summers) formed by Atlantic cyclones. E. nuttallii occurs in aquatic biotopes throughout the temperate climatic zone and partially occurs in the subtropical. It was established that the most important factors in determining the possibility of a plant’s spread are the amount of precipitation in the driest month, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, and altitude above the sea level. According to the data collected, the species is at its ecological optimum in most of Europe. Most of the changes expected in the next 100 years will take place in the next 30–40 years. |
➤ Volume 50(1) 2023
Bičárová, Svetlana; Lukasová, Veronika; Adamčíková, Katarína; Žatková, Lucia; Milovský, Rastislav; Shashikumar, Anumol; Pažitný, Jozef; Buchholcerová, Anna; Bilčík, Dušan Modified electrolyte leakage method for testing the oxidative stability of Pinus mugo Turra under ozone-induced stress Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 1 - 15, 2023. @article{Bičárová2023, title = {Modified electrolyte leakage method for testing the oxidative stability of \textit{Pinus mugo} Turra under ozone-induced stress}, author = {Svetlana Bičárová and Veronika Lukasová and Katarína Adamčíková and Lucia Žatková and Rastislav Milovský and Anumol Shashikumar and Jozef Pažitný and Anna Buchholcerová and Dušan Bilčík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0001}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 15}, abstract = {Electrolyte leakage (EL) is the method commonly used to test the cell membrane integrity of plants under stress conditions. The cells of the leaf may be damaged by ozone (O3) entering the intercellular space as an oxidative stress agent. The modified EL method was used to test the oxidative stability (OxS) of plant tissue against O3-induced oxidative stress. The modification includes simulation of the artificial oxidative stress by additional ozonation of plant samples in the laboratory chamber. This modified EL method was applied to Pinus mugo Turra needle samples collected in the subalpine zone of the High Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians), in the years 2019 and 2020. Changes in the chemical composition of samples after artificial ozonation were traced by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. In addition, O3 uptake through open stomata was estimated by calculation of the modelled ozone dose (MO3D). We also conducted an inspection of visible injury (VIN) on the needle surface focused on the occurrence of O3-induced symptoms and biotic harmful agents. Regarding OxS results as well as VIN indices, P. mugo needles showed relatively low sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by O3. Therefore MO3D in a range between 14 and 16 mmol m−2 can be considered as O3 dose with minor phytotoxic effect on P. mugo growing in the mountains of central-eastern Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Electrolyte leakage (EL) is the method commonly used to test the cell membrane integrity of plants under stress conditions. The cells of the leaf may be damaged by ozone (O3) entering the intercellular space as an oxidative stress agent. The modified EL method was used to test the oxidative stability (OxS) of plant tissue against O3-induced oxidative stress. The modification includes simulation of the artificial oxidative stress by additional ozonation of plant samples in the laboratory chamber. This modified EL method was applied to Pinus mugo Turra needle samples collected in the subalpine zone of the High Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians), in the years 2019 and 2020. Changes in the chemical composition of samples after artificial ozonation were traced by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. In addition, O3 uptake through open stomata was estimated by calculation of the modelled ozone dose (MO3D). We also conducted an inspection of visible injury (VIN) on the needle surface focused on the occurrence of O3-induced symptoms and biotic harmful agents. Regarding OxS results as well as VIN indices, P. mugo needles showed relatively low sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by O3. Therefore MO3D in a range between 14 and 16 mmol m−2 can be considered as O3 dose with minor phytotoxic effect on P. mugo growing in the mountains of central-eastern Europe. |
Kunakh, Olga; Zhukova, Yulia; Yakovenko, Volodymyr; Zhukov, Olexander The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 16 - 43, 2023. @article{Kunakh2023, title = {The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems}, author = {Olga Kunakh and Yulia Zhukova and Volodymyr Yakovenko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0002}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {16 - 43}, abstract = {Floodplain ecosystems are hotspots of biological diversity and perform important ecosystem functions in the landscape. The key to understanding the sustainability of ecosystem function is knowledge of the relationships between ecosystem components. The article reveals the role of morphological and physical properties of soil, as well as phytoindication of environmental factors as drivers of biological diversity of soil macrofauna of protected ecosystems of the Dnipro River floodplain. The studies were conducted in the forest floodplain ecosystems of the “Dnipro-Orilskiy” Nature Reserve. The studies of morphological properties of soils allowed us to identify the representatives of two reference groups: Fluvisol and Gleysol. The soil physical property data were subjected to principal component analysis, which extracted four principal components whose eigenvalues exceeded unity and described 79.9% of the variation in traits. The principal components of variation in soil physical properties and phytoindication assessments of environmental factors were used as predictors of the community structure of soil macrofauna. These predictors were able to explain 29.6% of the community variation. Physical soil properties are most important as a driver of soil macrofauna. The morphological properties of the soil and phytoindicator assessments are able to explain a much smaller part of the community variation. The pure influence of the predictors is small, indicating that they interact significantly in influencing soil animals. The results obtained have implications for the development of optimal strategies for floodplain ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Floodplain ecosystems are hotspots of biological diversity and perform important ecosystem functions in the landscape. The key to understanding the sustainability of ecosystem function is knowledge of the relationships between ecosystem components. The article reveals the role of morphological and physical properties of soil, as well as phytoindication of environmental factors as drivers of biological diversity of soil macrofauna of protected ecosystems of the Dnipro River floodplain. The studies were conducted in the forest floodplain ecosystems of the “Dnipro-Orilskiy” Nature Reserve. The studies of morphological properties of soils allowed us to identify the representatives of two reference groups: Fluvisol and Gleysol. The soil physical property data were subjected to principal component analysis, which extracted four principal components whose eigenvalues exceeded unity and described 79.9% of the variation in traits. The principal components of variation in soil physical properties and phytoindication assessments of environmental factors were used as predictors of the community structure of soil macrofauna. These predictors were able to explain 29.6% of the community variation. Physical soil properties are most important as a driver of soil macrofauna. The morphological properties of the soil and phytoindicator assessments are able to explain a much smaller part of the community variation. The pure influence of the predictors is small, indicating that they interact significantly in influencing soil animals. The results obtained have implications for the development of optimal strategies for floodplain ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. |
Gascon, Cecilia N; Almazol, Amalia E; Garcia, Ronald C; Vitoriano, Maynard M Diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Philippines Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 44 - 54, 2023. @article{Gascon2023, title = {Diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Philippines}, author = {Cecilia N. Gascon and Amalia E. Almazol and Ronald C. Garcia and Maynard M. Vitoriano}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0003}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {44 - 54}, abstract = {Native bees are pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health but only little is known about its abundance, species distribution, and habitat range, especially in the Philippines. This study assessed the diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBDL). Belt transect coupled with opportunistic sampling were used in the inventory of bees and their nests. Nests occurrence and 7 environmental predictor variables including; 1) annual mean temperature; 2) precipitation of warmest quarter; 3) elevation; 4) slope; 5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); 6) distance to agricultural areas (m); and 7) distance to forested areas (m) were used for modeling species distribution by MaxEnt. A total of 16 species of native bees including representatives from genus Apis, Tetragonula, Lasioglossum, Halictus, Hylaeus and Megachile were identified. A total of 96 bee nests from 5 species were also recorded yielding a nests density of 234 nests per km2. Results showed medium diversity of solitary native bees with H’ of 2.488. Most bee nests were found in lower elevations while the distance from agricultural areas and the distance from forest areas had the highest contributions to the nesting of Apis breviligula, A. cerana, and Tetragonula biroi. The mean distance from forest areas of all bee nests was 649.930 m and the mean extent of suitable area for these species was 5.340 km2. Hence, a landscape approach may be more appropriate to conserve native bees and sustain the ecosystem services they provide in MBDL.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native bees are pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health but only little is known about its abundance, species distribution, and habitat range, especially in the Philippines. This study assessed the diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBDL). Belt transect coupled with opportunistic sampling were used in the inventory of bees and their nests. Nests occurrence and 7 environmental predictor variables including; 1) annual mean temperature; 2) precipitation of warmest quarter; 3) elevation; 4) slope; 5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); 6) distance to agricultural areas (m); and 7) distance to forested areas (m) were used for modeling species distribution by MaxEnt. A total of 16 species of native bees including representatives from genus Apis, Tetragonula, Lasioglossum, Halictus, Hylaeus and Megachile were identified. A total of 96 bee nests from 5 species were also recorded yielding a nests density of 234 nests per km2. Results showed medium diversity of solitary native bees with H’ of 2.488. Most bee nests were found in lower elevations while the distance from agricultural areas and the distance from forest areas had the highest contributions to the nesting of Apis breviligula, A. cerana, and Tetragonula biroi. The mean distance from forest areas of all bee nests was 649.930 m and the mean extent of suitable area for these species was 5.340 km2. Hence, a landscape approach may be more appropriate to conserve native bees and sustain the ecosystem services they provide in MBDL. |
Brearley, Francis Q; Mansur, Muhammad; Eichhorn, Markus P Spatial patterning of Gonystylus brunnescens in eastern Borneo Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 55 - 59, 2023. @article{Brearley2023, title = {Spatial patterning of \textit{Gonystylus brunnescens} in eastern Borneo}, author = {Francis Q. Brearley and Muhammad Mansur and Markus P. Eichhorn}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0004}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {55 - 59}, abstract = {Determining the spatial patterning of tree species can provide inferences on underlying ecological processes. Gonystylus brunnescens is a South-east Asian subcanopy forest tree. To determine the spatial patterns of this species, we recorded the distribution of all individuals in a 0.4 ha sampling plot in eastern Borneo. We found that the pattern deviated from random and was well-described by the Matérn cluster model; clusters had a radius of approximately 4.2 m and contained an average of six seedlings each. This supports the hypothesis of animal-dispersed seeds and, due to a clear lack of association of juveniles with adults, may be due to scatter-hoarding of seeds by small mammal seed dispersers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Determining the spatial patterning of tree species can provide inferences on underlying ecological processes. Gonystylus brunnescens is a South-east Asian subcanopy forest tree. To determine the spatial patterns of this species, we recorded the distribution of all individuals in a 0.4 ha sampling plot in eastern Borneo. We found that the pattern deviated from random and was well-described by the Matérn cluster model; clusters had a radius of approximately 4.2 m and contained an average of six seedlings each. This supports the hypothesis of animal-dispersed seeds and, due to a clear lack of association of juveniles with adults, may be due to scatter-hoarding of seeds by small mammal seed dispersers. |
Appiagyei, Bright Danso; Belhoucine-Guezouli, Latifa; Bessah, Enoch; Morsli, Boutkhil The changing land use and land cover in the Mediterranean Basin: implications on forest ecosystem services Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 60 - 71, 2023. @article{Appiagyei2023, title = {The changing land use and land cover in the Mediterranean Basin: implications on forest ecosystem services}, author = {Bright Danso Appiagyei and Latifa Belhoucine-Guezouli and Enoch Bessah and Boutkhil Morsli}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/corrected_foecol-2023-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0005}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {60 - 71}, abstract = {The Mediterranean Basin covers more than 2 million square kilometres and is surrounded by three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe. It is home to more than 500 million people and is projected to reach 670 million by 2050. The basin is rich in species diversity, with a great wealth of endemism. The supply of ecosystem services is greatly challenged due to the trend of land use and land cover (LULC) change coupled with other global change drivers. The current study thoroughly reviewed the existing body of knowledge on the impacts of LULC change on forest ecosystem services. The LULC change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of urbanization, population increase, agricultural land abandonment and deforestation putting additional strain on forest ecosystem services. The review shows the potential impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem services such as wood and non-wood forest products, water resources, and carbon stock. Moreover, there is evidence showing the threats of LULC change to saproxylic beetle species, a key agent in the nutrient cycling process, posing a significant risk to a nutrient-deficient ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need to mitigate the challenges posed by LULC change and adapt forest management practices to impending changes to sustain the provision of ecosystem goods and services.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Mediterranean Basin covers more than 2 million square kilometres and is surrounded by three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe. It is home to more than 500 million people and is projected to reach 670 million by 2050. The basin is rich in species diversity, with a great wealth of endemism. The supply of ecosystem services is greatly challenged due to the trend of land use and land cover (LULC) change coupled with other global change drivers. The current study thoroughly reviewed the existing body of knowledge on the impacts of LULC change on forest ecosystem services. The LULC change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of urbanization, population increase, agricultural land abandonment and deforestation putting additional strain on forest ecosystem services. The review shows the potential impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem services such as wood and non-wood forest products, water resources, and carbon stock. Moreover, there is evidence showing the threats of LULC change to saproxylic beetle species, a key agent in the nutrient cycling process, posing a significant risk to a nutrient-deficient ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need to mitigate the challenges posed by LULC change and adapt forest management practices to impending changes to sustain the provision of ecosystem goods and services. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis; Kostakis, Marios; Kaoukis, Kostas; Bourletsikas, Athanassios; Solomou, Alexandra; Pasias, Ioannis; Thomaidis, Nikolaos Cycling and status of cobalt in some forest types Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 72 - 79, 2023. @article{Michopoulos2023, title = {Cycling and status of cobalt in some forest types}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos and Marios Kostakis and Kostas Kaoukis and Athanassios Bourletsikas and Alexandra Solomou and Ioannis Pasias and Nikolaos Thomaidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0006}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {72 - 79}, abstract = {The concentrations of Co were determined in the hydrological cycle (in maquis and fir forests), litterfall and soils in maquis, oak, beech and fir forests. The concentrations in the hydrological cycle were characterized by high variability. The concentrations in soil solution were much higher than those in the bulk deposition and throughfall. The contribution of the earth’s’ crust in the bulk deposition enrichment with Co was not high but some minor quantities of Co can be considered to be transported in long distances. The concentrations of Co in litterfall were high in the fraction composed of lichens, flowers and mosses, especially in the fir forest. The total content of Co was significantly higher in the soils derived from mica schist than those in the flysch. The residence time of Co in the forest floor was rather long. This is an indication that weathering in the mineral layers plays an important role in providing Co for plant uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The concentrations of Co were determined in the hydrological cycle (in maquis and fir forests), litterfall and soils in maquis, oak, beech and fir forests. The concentrations in the hydrological cycle were characterized by high variability. The concentrations in soil solution were much higher than those in the bulk deposition and throughfall. The contribution of the earth’s’ crust in the bulk deposition enrichment with Co was not high but some minor quantities of Co can be considered to be transported in long distances. The concentrations of Co in litterfall were high in the fraction composed of lichens, flowers and mosses, especially in the fir forest. The total content of Co was significantly higher in the soils derived from mica schist than those in the flysch. The residence time of Co in the forest floor was rather long. This is an indication that weathering in the mineral layers plays an important role in providing Co for plant uptake. |
Abdullah, Neven A; Al-Jabir, Haider Sh. S; Shareef, Hussein J Pre-treatment for heat tolerance enhancement of the Indian almond (Pithecellobium dulce) seedlings using ascorbic acid and potassium chloride Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 80 - 88, 2023. @article{Abdullah2023, title = {Pre-treatment for heat tolerance enhancement of the Indian almond (\textit{Pithecellobium dulce}) seedlings using ascorbic acid and potassium chloride}, author = {Neven A. Abdullah and Haider S. Sh. Al-Jabir and Hussein J. Shareef}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0007}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {80 - 88}, abstract = {In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l−1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l−1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l−1 to reduce heat stress damage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l−1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l−1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l−1 to reduce heat stress damage. |
Chatziathanasiou, Styliani; Kitikidou, Kyriaki; Milios, Elias Allometries of Acer negundo for a better space management in two cities of northeastern Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 89 - 96, 2023. @article{Chatziathanasiou2023, title = {Allometries of \textit{Acer negundo} for a better space management in two cities of northeastern Greece}, author = {Styliani Chatziathanasiou and Kyriaki Kitikidou and Elias Milios}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0008}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {89 - 96}, abstract = {The ability to estimate the space volume that a tree occupies, in various heights, is a crucial factor in designing the street trees schedule in pavements of new urban infrastructures. The dimensions of Acer negundo tree crown in various heights can be the basis for a better space management in the pavements of cities. In this study, the height and the crown width of the A. negundo street trees in the Greek cities of Orestiada and Alexandroupoli and the allometric relations that can be found between them, were investigated. Data from 117 street trees growing in semi-permeable pavements of the two cities were used. In each selected tree, the total height (H), and the maximum and minimum crown diameter (CW) were measured. The selected model (CW-H) for Alexandroupoli exhibits a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. The R2 of the model selected for Orestiada is lower (R2 = 0.66). The R2 of the model selected using the complete dataset is 0.77. A. negundo appears to have greater crown width in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada. In Orestiada the conditions of growth were variable since in many cases the measured trees were under side shade, while this not the case in the corresponding trees in Alexandroupoli. The better fit of the selected model in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada is probably due to the more variable growth conditions of Orestiada.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The ability to estimate the space volume that a tree occupies, in various heights, is a crucial factor in designing the street trees schedule in pavements of new urban infrastructures. The dimensions of Acer negundo tree crown in various heights can be the basis for a better space management in the pavements of cities. In this study, the height and the crown width of the A. negundo street trees in the Greek cities of Orestiada and Alexandroupoli and the allometric relations that can be found between them, were investigated. Data from 117 street trees growing in semi-permeable pavements of the two cities were used. In each selected tree, the total height (H), and the maximum and minimum crown diameter (CW) were measured. The selected model (CW-H) for Alexandroupoli exhibits a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. The R2 of the model selected for Orestiada is lower (R2 = 0.66). The R2 of the model selected using the complete dataset is 0.77. A. negundo appears to have greater crown width in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada. In Orestiada the conditions of growth were variable since in many cases the measured trees were under side shade, while this not the case in the corresponding trees in Alexandroupoli. The better fit of the selected model in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada is probably due to the more variable growth conditions of Orestiada. |
Pipinis, Elias; Kostas, Stefanos; Hatzilazarou, Stefanos; Petropoulos, Sofoklis; Mitsi, Dimitra; Stampoulidis, Athanasios; Milios, Elias; Smiris, Pavlos Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 97 - 103, 2023. @article{Pipinis2023, title = {Effects of donor tree age, cutting collection time and K-IBA application on rooting ability of \textit{Taxus baccata} L. stem cuttings: preliminary results}, author = {Elias Pipinis and Stefanos Kostas and Stefanos Hatzilazarou and Sofoklis Petropoulos and Dimitra Mitsi and Athanasios Stampoulidis and Elias Milios and Pavlos Smiris}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0009}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {97 - 103}, abstract = {The present study investigates the effect of donor tree age (juvenile, adult), collection time (March, November) and the K-IBA (indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt; 0, 3, 6, 12 g L−1 K-IBA) application on rooting of T. baccata stem cuttings. Terminal hardwood leaf stem cuttings were collected of the year 2013 from individuals growing in their natural habitat in the Cholomontas mountains in the northern part of Greece. In cuttings taken from adult individuals, the application of K-IBA only significantly improved the rooting percentage. However, in cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the collection time and K-IBA application as well as their interaction were statistically significant. In November collection, the cuttings treated with 12 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited the highest rooting percentage (98.3%), while in March collection, the cuttings treated with 3 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited higher rooting percentages (61.7%) than those of control (41.7%). In cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the K-IBA application significantly improved the rooting of cuttings collected in November compared with those collected in March. The cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, exhibited significantly higher rooting percentages than those taken from adult individuals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study investigates the effect of donor tree age (juvenile, adult), collection time (March, November) and the K-IBA (indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt; 0, 3, 6, 12 g L−1 K-IBA) application on rooting of T. baccata stem cuttings. Terminal hardwood leaf stem cuttings were collected of the year 2013 from individuals growing in their natural habitat in the Cholomontas mountains in the northern part of Greece. In cuttings taken from adult individuals, the application of K-IBA only significantly improved the rooting percentage. However, in cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the collection time and K-IBA application as well as their interaction were statistically significant. In November collection, the cuttings treated with 12 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited the highest rooting percentage (98.3%), while in March collection, the cuttings treated with 3 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited higher rooting percentages (61.7%) than those of control (41.7%). In cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the K-IBA application significantly improved the rooting of cuttings collected in November compared with those collected in March. The cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, exhibited significantly higher rooting percentages than those taken from adult individuals. |
➤ Volume 49(2) 2022
Diamantopoulou, Maria J Simulation of over-bark tree bole diameters, through the RFr (Random Forest Regression) algorithm Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 93–101, 2022. @article{Diamantopoulou2022, title = {Simulation of over-bark tree bole diameters, through the RFr (Random Forest Regression) algorithm}, author = {Maria J. Diamantopoulou}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0010}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {93–101}, abstract = {The difficulty of locating and measuring the over-bark tree bole diameters at heights that are far from the ground, is a serious problem in ground-truth data measurements in the field. This problem could be addressed through the application of intelligent systems methods. The paper explores the possibility of applying the Random Forest regression method (RFr) in order to assess, as accurately as possible, the size of the tree bole diameters at any height above the ground, considering data that can be easily measured in the field. For this purpose, diameter measurements of pine trees (Pinus brutia Ten.) from the Seich–Sou urban forest of Thessaloniki, Greece, were used. The effectiveness of the Random Forest regression technique is compared with the results of non-linear regression models that fitted to the available data and evaluated. This research has shown that the RFr method can be a reliable alternative methodology in order to receive accurate information provided by the model, saving time and effort in field.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The difficulty of locating and measuring the over-bark tree bole diameters at heights that are far from the ground, is a serious problem in ground-truth data measurements in the field. This problem could be addressed through the application of intelligent systems methods. The paper explores the possibility of applying the Random Forest regression method (RFr) in order to assess, as accurately as possible, the size of the tree bole diameters at any height above the ground, considering data that can be easily measured in the field. For this purpose, diameter measurements of pine trees (Pinus brutia Ten.) from the Seich–Sou urban forest of Thessaloniki, Greece, were used. The effectiveness of the Random Forest regression technique is compared with the results of non-linear regression models that fitted to the available data and evaluated. This research has shown that the RFr method can be a reliable alternative methodology in order to receive accurate information provided by the model, saving time and effort in field. |
Petrakis, Panos V; Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Fassouli, Vassilia P; Solomou, Alexandra D Preliminary results of European budworm Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) impact on Greek fir radial growth at Mts Parnassus and Giona Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 102–109, 2022. @article{Petrakis2022, title = {Preliminary results of European budworm \textit{Choristoneura murinana} (Hubner) impact on Greek fir radial growth at Mts Parnassus and Giona}, author = {Panos V. Petrakis and Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Vassilia P. Fassouli and Alexandra D. Solomou}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0011}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {102–109}, abstract = {During the spring of 2020, Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) otherwise European Fir Budworm (EFB) was recorded on Abies cephalonica near the villages of Kaloskopi and Agoriani in Central Greece at the mountains Giona and Parnassus respectively. To our knowledge, the occurrence of the particular pest on the specific mountains has not been described yet. We found that EFB mostly prefers Abies cephalonica and less Juniperus oxycedrous in sunny areas and/or near the country roads. Across the study area, local severe infestations of scale 2, 3 and 5, were observed. In many cases the infestation was observed in adult fir individuals. Defoliations and severe outbreaks, which are presumably incurred by EFB were also observed by local people (beekeepers, foresters, herb collectors) in the past. Our laboratories field measurements and the analysis of the Singular Spectrum analysis trendlines revealed growth decline, not connected with climatic parameters but probably associated with observed defoliations by the EFB.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the spring of 2020, Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) otherwise European Fir Budworm (EFB) was recorded on Abies cephalonica near the villages of Kaloskopi and Agoriani in Central Greece at the mountains Giona and Parnassus respectively. To our knowledge, the occurrence of the particular pest on the specific mountains has not been described yet. We found that EFB mostly prefers Abies cephalonica and less Juniperus oxycedrous in sunny areas and/or near the country roads. Across the study area, local severe infestations of scale 2, 3 and 5, were observed. In many cases the infestation was observed in adult fir individuals. Defoliations and severe outbreaks, which are presumably incurred by EFB were also observed by local people (beekeepers, foresters, herb collectors) in the past. Our laboratories field measurements and the analysis of the Singular Spectrum analysis trendlines revealed growth decline, not connected with climatic parameters but probably associated with observed defoliations by the EFB. |
Astaras, Christos; Valeta, Christina; Vasileiadis, Ioakim Acoustic ecology of tawny owl (Strix aluco) in the Greek Rhodope Mountains using passive acoustic monitoring methods Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 110–116, 2022. @article{Astaras2022, title = {Acoustic ecology of tawny owl (\textit{Strix aluco}) in the Greek Rhodope Mountains using passive acoustic monitoring methods}, author = {Christos Astaras and Christina Valeta and Ioakim Vasileiadis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0012}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {110–116}, abstract = {Passive acoustic monitoring is a wildlife monitoring method used especially for the study of vocally active species which are difficult to observe directly. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, Linnaeus 1758) is such a species, and has not been previously studied in Greece. The aim of the study was to provide a first insight into the species’ acoustic ecology in the Rhodope Mountains by describing its calling activity at four sites over a period of 3–6 months, and to examine possible correlation with natural and climatic parameters. Based on 24,937 calls, we report a significant increase in the number of calls per night (18:00 pm to 9:00 am) as the length of the night increased, as well as a negative relation with wind speed. We did not observe a relationship between calling frequency and the phase of the moon.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Passive acoustic monitoring is a wildlife monitoring method used especially for the study of vocally active species which are difficult to observe directly. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, Linnaeus 1758) is such a species, and has not been previously studied in Greece. The aim of the study was to provide a first insight into the species’ acoustic ecology in the Rhodope Mountains by describing its calling activity at four sites over a period of 3–6 months, and to examine possible correlation with natural and climatic parameters. Based on 24,937 calls, we report a significant increase in the number of calls per night (18:00 pm to 9:00 am) as the length of the night increased, as well as a negative relation with wind speed. We did not observe a relationship between calling frequency and the phase of the moon. |
Politi, Despoina Eleni; Aravanopoulos, Filippos (Phil) A Diversity of leaf morphometric parameters in natural Greek populations of Arbutus unedo Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 117–121, 2022. @article{Politi2022, title = {Diversity of leaf morphometric parameters in natural Greek populations of \textit{Arbutus unedo}}, author = {Despoina Eleni Politi and Filippos A. (Phil) Aravanopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0013}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {117–121}, abstract = {This paper investigates leaf morphology variation of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) within and between two natural contrasting populations of significant latitudinal difference (Kassandreia, Chalkidiki and Ancient Olympia, Peloponnese). This study employed 11 leaf size and shape parameters, recorded by image processing and analyzing software. The results showed that in the measurements of central tendency (parameter means) the northern population of Kassandreia presented the highest values, while in contrast the highest values in the measurements of spread were found in the southern population of Ancient Olympia. Moreover, statistically significant differences between populations were detected in leaf size, but not in leaf shape parameters. Results are discussed in the context of their value in studying quantitative population differentiation and laying the basis of more advanced studies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper investigates leaf morphology variation of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) within and between two natural contrasting populations of significant latitudinal difference (Kassandreia, Chalkidiki and Ancient Olympia, Peloponnese). This study employed 11 leaf size and shape parameters, recorded by image processing and analyzing software. The results showed that in the measurements of central tendency (parameter means) the northern population of Kassandreia presented the highest values, while in contrast the highest values in the measurements of spread were found in the southern population of Ancient Olympia. Moreover, statistically significant differences between populations were detected in leaf size, but not in leaf shape parameters. Results are discussed in the context of their value in studying quantitative population differentiation and laying the basis of more advanced studies. |
Kechagioglou, Stavros; Papadopoulou, Dimitra; Tsitsoni, Thekla Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 122–129, 2022. @article{Kechagioglou2022, title = {Determining structure and volume of the European beech (\textit{Fagus sylvatica} L.) deadwood in managed stands in the Rodopi Mountain Range National Park, Greece}, author = {Stavros Kechagioglou and Dimitra Papadopoulou and Thekla Tsitsoni}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0014}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {122–129}, abstract = {The multifaceted role of deadwood in forest ecosystems has been widely recognized while it is regarded as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Nevertheless, there are hardly any data on deadwood volume and structure in managed forests in Greece. The study took place in beech forests of the Western and Central part of the Rodopi Mountain Range. The objective was to determine the amount, variability and quality of deadwood and to compare it with data from managed as well as natural forests. Data were collected on 30 randomly distributed circular plots of 0.1 ha. The results showed that the average deadwood amount (13.46 m3 ha–1) was much lower compared to that recorded in other European forests and they highlighted the absence of large dead standing trees due to the management regime. The deadwood quality showed great variation in stages of decay.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The multifaceted role of deadwood in forest ecosystems has been widely recognized while it is regarded as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Nevertheless, there are hardly any data on deadwood volume and structure in managed forests in Greece. The study took place in beech forests of the Western and Central part of the Rodopi Mountain Range. The objective was to determine the amount, variability and quality of deadwood and to compare it with data from managed as well as natural forests. Data were collected on 30 randomly distributed circular plots of 0.1 ha. The results showed that the average deadwood amount (13.46 m3 ha–1) was much lower compared to that recorded in other European forests and they highlighted the absence of large dead standing trees due to the management regime. The deadwood quality showed great variation in stages of decay. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Abbas, Muayed F; Jasim, Abbas M Response of date palm offshoots (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to the foliar spray of salicylic acid and citric acid under salinity conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 130–136, 2022. @article{Shareef2022, title = {Response of date palm offshoots (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) to the foliar spray of salicylic acid and citric acid under salinity conditions}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Muayed F. Abbas and Abbas M. Jasim}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0015}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {130–136}, abstract = {Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage. |
Lukyanets, Volodymyr; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Tarnopilska, Oksana; Kobets, Oleksii; Musienko, Sergiy; Obolonyk, Iryna; Bondarenko, Vira; Poznіakova, Svitlana Distribution, productivity and natural regeneration of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in Ukrainian Polissya Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 137–147, 2022. @article{Lukyanets2022, title = {Distribution, productivity and natural regeneration of black alder (\textit{Alnus glutinosa} (L.) Gaertn.) in Ukrainian Polissya}, author = {Volodymyr Lukyanets and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oksana Tarnopilska and Oleksii Kobets and Sergiy Musienko and Iryna Obolonyk and Vira Bondarenko and Svitlana Poznіakova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0016}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {137–147}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess the current state and productivity of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands and determine the optimal conditions for the emergence and further growth of its natural regeneration in Ukrainian Polissya. The area of black alder stands in Ukrainian Polissya (Ukrainian forest zone) is 162,348 ha, reaching 8.4% of the total forest area. Volyn Region has the largest area of alder stands within Ukrainian Polissya (61,271 ha covering 37.7% of the total area). In the forests of this region, a more detailed study of the current condition, productivity, growth and regeneration of alder stands was performed. The natural regeneration under the alder canopy was characterized as poor. The largest numbers of alder seedlings (1,600–1,800 stems per ha) were recorded under the canopy of 76–78-year-old stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.63–0.70 and 80–100% of alder in their composition. Naturally regenerating alder seedlings had mainly group distribution on the area (occurrence is up to 40%). These specificities should be taken into account to promote natural seed regeneration of alder stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to assess the current state and productivity of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands and determine the optimal conditions for the emergence and further growth of its natural regeneration in Ukrainian Polissya. The area of black alder stands in Ukrainian Polissya (Ukrainian forest zone) is 162,348 ha, reaching 8.4% of the total forest area. Volyn Region has the largest area of alder stands within Ukrainian Polissya (61,271 ha covering 37.7% of the total area). In the forests of this region, a more detailed study of the current condition, productivity, growth and regeneration of alder stands was performed. The natural regeneration under the alder canopy was characterized as poor. The largest numbers of alder seedlings (1,600–1,800 stems per ha) were recorded under the canopy of 76–78-year-old stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.63–0.70 and 80–100% of alder in their composition. Naturally regenerating alder seedlings had mainly group distribution on the area (occurrence is up to 40%). These specificities should be taken into account to promote natural seed regeneration of alder stands. |
Teofilova, Teodora Ground beetles in Romanian oilseed rape fields and adjacent grasslands (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 148–158, 2022. @article{Teofilova2022, title = {Ground beetles in Romanian oilseed rape fields and adjacent grasslands (Coleoptera: Carabidae)}, author = {Teodora Teofilova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0017}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {148–158}, abstract = {This study aimed at clarifying species composition and ecological structure of the ground beetles associated with oilseed rape fields during flowering, ripening and post-harvest, as well as pastures adjacent to them. Field work was carried out in 2017. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 20 sampling sites in the Transylvania region, Cluj County. A total of 8,151 individuals were collected (7,576 in rapeseed fields and 575 in pastures) belonging to 82 species from 29 genera. The richest tribes were Harpalini (25 species), Zabrini (12 species), Pterostichini (10 species), and Carabini (9 species). The most species-rich were the genera Harpalus (13 species), Amara (11 species), Carabus and Ophonus (8 species each). The most abundant species in the rape fields were Poecilus cupreus (1,760 ind.), Brachinus explodens (1,500 ind.), Brachinus elegans (1206 ind.), and Anchomenus dorsalis (875 ind.). The most abundant in the grasslands were Pterostichus hungaricus (101 ind.), Calathus fuscipes (74 ind.), Harpalus caspius (67 ind.), and Cylindera germanica (64 ind.). The species found only in rape fields were 36 while 13 species were exclusive to pastures; 34 species were discovered in both types of habitats. The investigation acquired some new data on carabid diversity in Romania, including two new country records.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed at clarifying species composition and ecological structure of the ground beetles associated with oilseed rape fields during flowering, ripening and post-harvest, as well as pastures adjacent to them. Field work was carried out in 2017. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 20 sampling sites in the Transylvania region, Cluj County. A total of 8,151 individuals were collected (7,576 in rapeseed fields and 575 in pastures) belonging to 82 species from 29 genera. The richest tribes were Harpalini (25 species), Zabrini (12 species), Pterostichini (10 species), and Carabini (9 species). The most species-rich were the genera Harpalus (13 species), Amara (11 species), Carabus and Ophonus (8 species each). The most abundant species in the rape fields were Poecilus cupreus (1,760 ind.), Brachinus explodens (1,500 ind.), Brachinus elegans (1206 ind.), and Anchomenus dorsalis (875 ind.). The most abundant in the grasslands were Pterostichus hungaricus (101 ind.), Calathus fuscipes (74 ind.), Harpalus caspius (67 ind.), and Cylindera germanica (64 ind.). The species found only in rape fields were 36 while 13 species were exclusive to pastures; 34 species were discovered in both types of habitats. The investigation acquired some new data on carabid diversity in Romania, including two new country records. |
Zúñiga, Alfredo H; Rau, Jaime R; Sandova, Rodolfo; Fuenzalida, Víctor Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 159–167, 2022. @article{Zúñiga2022, title = {Landscape use and food habits of the chilla fox (\textit{Lycalopex griseus}, Gray) and domestic dog (\textit{Canis lupus familiaris}) in a peri-urban environment of south-central Chile}, author = {Alfredo H. Zúñiga and Jaime R. Rau and Rodolfo Sandova and Víctor Fuenzalida}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0018}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {159–167}, abstract = {Cities intensely modify natural environments and impose pressures on biodiversity. In this sense, carnivorous mammals are one of the groups most affected due to their food and space requirements. The feeding and spatial behavior of the chilla fox (Lycalopex griseus, G., 1837) and dogs were studied in the vicinity of a peri-urban protected area in south-central Chile. The diet of both canids was compared seasonally, for which feces were collected along trails in three habitats: native forest, exotic plantations and scrublands. Dog feces were collected at the same site to establish whether they were avoided by foxes. Chilla fox has been highlighted for consuming a high proportion of hares followed by rodents of the Muridae family, both being exotic mammals in Chile, whereas dogs showed a predominant consumption of anthropogenic food. Significant differences were observed for chilla fox in dietary diversity, mainly in summer and fall. No spatial segregation was observed with the domestic dog, which was evidenced in a high overlap in the use of all habitats. This scenario, together with continuous human presence, are elements that must be considered in the medium-term to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on native carnivores in the study area. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cities intensely modify natural environments and impose pressures on biodiversity. In this sense, carnivorous mammals are one of the groups most affected due to their food and space requirements. The feeding and spatial behavior of the chilla fox (Lycalopex griseus, G., 1837) and dogs were studied in the vicinity of a peri-urban protected area in south-central Chile. The diet of both canids was compared seasonally, for which feces were collected along trails in three habitats: native forest, exotic plantations and scrublands. Dog feces were collected at the same site to establish whether they were avoided by foxes. Chilla fox has been highlighted for consuming a high proportion of hares followed by rodents of the Muridae family, both being exotic mammals in Chile, whereas dogs showed a predominant consumption of anthropogenic food. Significant differences were observed for chilla fox in dietary diversity, mainly in summer and fall. No spatial segregation was observed with the domestic dog, which was evidenced in a high overlap in the use of all habitats. This scenario, together with continuous human presence, are elements that must be considered in the medium-term to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on native carnivores in the study area. |
Foxx, Alicia J Species variability in the relative strength of intraspecific and interspecific interactions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 168–174, 2022. @article{Foxx2022, title = {Species variability in the relative strength of intraspecific and interspecific interactions}, author = {Alicia J. Foxx}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0019}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {168–174}, abstract = {Understanding cases in restoration and in agriculture in which species diversity improves productivity and ecosystem functioning is crucial due the need to restore degraded habitat and improve crop productivity for a growing human population. Reaching these diversity benefits is likely influenced by the dynamic of less negative interspecific than intraspecific interactions that promote diversity. But further testing is needed to understand the relationship of intraspecific- relative to interspecific interactions. Here I used seedlings from three native and one introduced species used in restoration in the western United States in pairwise interaction combinations and found that the study species varied in shoot biomass in response to interaction treatments of the control, intraspecific, and interspecific interactions (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.001), and that intraspecific interactions were more negative than interspecific interactions for four of five of the pairings. Overall, as shoot mass size differences increased between interspecific neighbors, interactions became more positive (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings point to variability in species responses in whether the focal species compete more intensely with conspecific or heterospecific neighbors and indicates the need for more careful selection of interacting species for meeting both agricultural and restoration goals. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding cases in restoration and in agriculture in which species diversity improves productivity and ecosystem functioning is crucial due the need to restore degraded habitat and improve crop productivity for a growing human population. Reaching these diversity benefits is likely influenced by the dynamic of less negative interspecific than intraspecific interactions that promote diversity. But further testing is needed to understand the relationship of intraspecific- relative to interspecific interactions. Here I used seedlings from three native and one introduced species used in restoration in the western United States in pairwise interaction combinations and found that the study species varied in shoot biomass in response to interaction treatments of the control, intraspecific, and interspecific interactions (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.001), and that intraspecific interactions were more negative than interspecific interactions for four of five of the pairings. Overall, as shoot mass size differences increased between interspecific neighbors, interactions became more positive (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings point to variability in species responses in whether the focal species compete more intensely with conspecific or heterospecific neighbors and indicates the need for more careful selection of interacting species for meeting both agricultural and restoration goals. |
Aissi, Abdeldjalil; Beghami, Yassine Geometric Morphometrics use in the examination of subgenus Quercus leaf shape variation in Algeria Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 175–181, 2022. @article{Aissi2022, title = {Geometric Morphometrics use in the examination of subgenus \textit{Quercus} leaf shape variation in Algeria}, author = {Abdeldjalil Aissi and Yassine Beghami}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0020}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {175–181}, abstract = {The latest findings on the taxonomic review of Quercus faginea Lam. complex using ‘traditional morphometrics’, demonstrating that the species is represented in Algeria by both Q. faginea and Q. canariensis Willd. Significant variations of the leaf form were also discernible among both species. In this study, the landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis was used to assess the shape variation of the leaves found on oak stands. 2,600 leaves per 13 stands were collected and scanned, and then using Tps range and MorphoJ software, 11 landmarks—that represent the leaf morphological features—were recorded on leaf images. Shape components and non-forms variations were obtained through a full Procrustes fit followed by creating a leaf-superimposed configuration. Principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and discriminate analysis were used to statistically evaluate the leaf shape variability. The results revealed no clear distinction between the two species based on leaf shape. Climate change and environmental factors also appear to have possibly caused a divergent morphological evolution; a reduced leaf size with enduring indumentum—among other Q. faginea traits—could be an efficient mean of adapting to Mediterranean xeric conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The latest findings on the taxonomic review of Quercus faginea Lam. complex using ‘traditional morphometrics’, demonstrating that the species is represented in Algeria by both Q. faginea and Q. canariensis Willd. Significant variations of the leaf form were also discernible among both species. In this study, the landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis was used to assess the shape variation of the leaves found on oak stands. 2,600 leaves per 13 stands were collected and scanned, and then using Tps range and MorphoJ software, 11 landmarks—that represent the leaf morphological features—were recorded on leaf images. Shape components and non-forms variations were obtained through a full Procrustes fit followed by creating a leaf-superimposed configuration. Principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and discriminate analysis were used to statistically evaluate the leaf shape variability. The results revealed no clear distinction between the two species based on leaf shape. Climate change and environmental factors also appear to have possibly caused a divergent morphological evolution; a reduced leaf size with enduring indumentum—among other Q. faginea traits—could be an efficient mean of adapting to Mediterranean xeric conditions. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Rokaya, Maan Bahadur; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Distribution of invasive plants and their association with wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 182–191, 2022. @article{Adhikari2022, title = {Distribution of invasive plants and their association with wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Maan Bahadur Rokaya and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0021}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {182–191}, abstract = {Invasive and alien plant species (IAPS) are considered as major threats to native biodiversity because IAPS alter ecosystem structure and their functions. We assessed the association of four major IAPS (Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus) and the abundance of wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan, Nepal. We collected data on the presence of wild ungulates in IAPS invaded habitats through direct observation and sign surveys. Our study showed that the cover of M. micrantha was significantly high in Sal forest (Prominence value PV = 73.23) followed by riverine forest (PV = 40.5) and grassland (PV = 37.7) whereas P. hysterophorus was high in grasslands (PV = 22.9). Similarly, C. odorata was significantly high in Sal forest (PV =141.6%), and L. camara was high in mixed forest (PV = 22.6). It was found that there was a significant negative association of IAPS (p = 0.002) with wild ungulates. The abundances of deer and wild pigs were more in the buffer zone than in the non-buffer zone. The abundance of deer decreased with increasing cover of C. odorata, M. micrantha, and P. hysterophorus (p = 0.002). Similarly, the abundance of wild pigs decreased with increasing cover of M. micrantha and L. camara. IAPS were not uniformly distributed in different habitats and abundances of wild ungulates were less in IAPS invaded habitats. Hence, it is important to initiate management plans to control IAPS spread to avoid their negative impacts on wild ungulate population such as deer and wild pigs. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Invasive and alien plant species (IAPS) are considered as major threats to native biodiversity because IAPS alter ecosystem structure and their functions. We assessed the association of four major IAPS (Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus) and the abundance of wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan, Nepal. We collected data on the presence of wild ungulates in IAPS invaded habitats through direct observation and sign surveys. Our study showed that the cover of M. micrantha was significantly high in Sal forest (Prominence value PV = 73.23) followed by riverine forest (PV = 40.5) and grassland (PV = 37.7) whereas P. hysterophorus was high in grasslands (PV = 22.9). Similarly, C. odorata was significantly high in Sal forest (PV =141.6%), and L. camara was high in mixed forest (PV = 22.6). It was found that there was a significant negative association of IAPS (p = 0.002) with wild ungulates. The abundances of deer and wild pigs were more in the buffer zone than in the non-buffer zone. The abundance of deer decreased with increasing cover of C. odorata, M. micrantha, and P. hysterophorus (p = 0.002). Similarly, the abundance of wild pigs decreased with increasing cover of M. micrantha and L. camara. IAPS were not uniformly distributed in different habitats and abundances of wild ungulates were less in IAPS invaded habitats. Hence, it is important to initiate management plans to control IAPS spread to avoid their negative impacts on wild ungulate population such as deer and wild pigs. |
➤ Volume 49(1) 2022
Dzurenko, Marek; Galko, Juraj; Kulfan, Ján; Váľka, Jozef; Holec, Juraj; Saniga, Miroslav; Zúbrik, Milan; Vakula, Jozef; Ranger, Christopher M; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Jauschová, Terézia; Zach, Peter Can the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus withstand an unusually cold winter in the West Carpathian forest in Central Europe? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 1 - 8, 2022. @article{Dzurenko2022, title = {Can the invasive ambrosia beetle \textit{Xylosandrus germanus} withstand an unusually cold winter in the West Carpathian forest in Central Europe?}, author = {Marek Dzurenko and Juraj Galko and Ján Kulfan and Jozef Váľka and Juraj Holec and Miroslav Saniga and Milan Zúbrik and Jozef Vakula and Christopher M. Ranger and Jiří Skuhrovec and Terézia Jauschová and Peter Zach}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0001}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 8}, abstract = {The capability of a non-native species to withstand adverse weather is indicative of its establishment in a novel area. An unusually cold winter of 2016/2017 that occurred in the West Carpathians of Slovakia and other regions within Europe provided an opportunity to indirectly assess survival of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). We compared trap captures of this species in the year preceding and succeeding the respective cold winter. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in 24 oak dominated forest stands within the southern and central area from April to August 2016, and again from April to August 2017 to encompass the seasonal flight activity of X. germanus and to get acquainted with temporal changes in the abundance of this species in these two distant areas. Dispersing X. germanus were recorded in all surveyed stands before and after the aforementioned cold winter. Their total seasonal trap captures were lower in the southern area following low winter temperatures, but remained similar in the central area. Our results suggest that X. germanus can withstand adverse winter weather in oak dominated forests of the West Carpathians within altitudes of 171 and 450 m asl. It is likely that minimum winter temperatures will not reduce the establishment or further spread of this successful invader in forests in Central Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The capability of a non-native species to withstand adverse weather is indicative of its establishment in a novel area. An unusually cold winter of 2016/2017 that occurred in the West Carpathians of Slovakia and other regions within Europe provided an opportunity to indirectly assess survival of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). We compared trap captures of this species in the year preceding and succeeding the respective cold winter. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in 24 oak dominated forest stands within the southern and central area from April to August 2016, and again from April to August 2017 to encompass the seasonal flight activity of X. germanus and to get acquainted with temporal changes in the abundance of this species in these two distant areas. Dispersing X. germanus were recorded in all surveyed stands before and after the aforementioned cold winter. Their total seasonal trap captures were lower in the southern area following low winter temperatures, but remained similar in the central area. Our results suggest that X. germanus can withstand adverse winter weather in oak dominated forests of the West Carpathians within altitudes of 171 and 450 m asl. It is likely that minimum winter temperatures will not reduce the establishment or further spread of this successful invader in forests in Central Europe. |
Hlôška, Ladislav; Saniga, Miroslav; Chovancová, Gabriela; Chovancová, Barbara; Homolová, Zuzana Temporal and spatial changes in small mammal communities in a disturbed mountain forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 9 - 22, 2022. @article{Hlôška2022, title = {Temporal and spatial changes in small mammal communities in a disturbed mountain forest}, author = {Ladislav Hlôška and Miroslav Saniga and Gabriela Chovancová and Barbara Chovancová and Zuzana Homolová}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0002}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {9 - 22}, abstract = {In 2005–2016, we investigated a secondary succession of small mammal communities in forest ecosystems in High Tatras (Slovakia) disturbed by windstorm and fire. This long-term ecological study confirmed the occurrence of significant temporal and spatial changes in species composition and number of dominant small mammal species. A comparison between disturbed and undisturbed plots indicated notable differences in species richness and abundance. The gradations of dominant small mammal species in disturbed habitats were asynchronous and showed a wider range of amplitude than in the undisturbed plots. An analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of small mammal communities in relation to selected environmental gradients confirmed the statistically significant effect of secondary succession on species composition, abundance, and exchange in forest ecosystems in the High Tatra Mountains following a disturbance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2005–2016, we investigated a secondary succession of small mammal communities in forest ecosystems in High Tatras (Slovakia) disturbed by windstorm and fire. This long-term ecological study confirmed the occurrence of significant temporal and spatial changes in species composition and number of dominant small mammal species. A comparison between disturbed and undisturbed plots indicated notable differences in species richness and abundance. The gradations of dominant small mammal species in disturbed habitats were asynchronous and showed a wider range of amplitude than in the undisturbed plots. An analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of small mammal communities in relation to selected environmental gradients confirmed the statistically significant effect of secondary succession on species composition, abundance, and exchange in forest ecosystems in the High Tatra Mountains following a disturbance. |
Boroughani, Mahdi; Soltani, Somayeh; Ghezelseflu, Nafiseh; Pazhouhan, Iman Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 23 - 34, 2022. @article{Boroughani2022, title = {A comparative assessment between artificial neural network, neuro-fuzzy, and support vector machine models in splash erosion modelling under simulation circumstances}, author = {Mahdi Boroughani and Somayeh Soltani and Nafiseh Ghezelseflu and Iman Pazhouhan}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0003}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {23 - 34}, abstract = {Splash erosion, as the first step of soil erosion, causes the movement of the soil particles and lumps and is considered an important process in soil erosion. Given the complexity of this process in nature, one way of identifying and modeling the process is to use a rainfall simulator and to study it under laboratory circumstances. For this purpose, transported material was measured with various rainfall intensities and different amounts of poly-acryl-amide. In the next step, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model the transported materials. The results showed that among the three methods, the best values of evaluation criteria were related to SVM, and ANFIS respectively. Among the three studied durations, the experiment with a duration of 30 minutes received the best results. The results based on available data showed by increasing the number of membership functions, over-fitting happens in the ANFIS method. To reduce the complexity of the model and the likelihood of over-fitting, some rules were eliminated. The results showed that the performance of the model improved by eliminating some rules.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Splash erosion, as the first step of soil erosion, causes the movement of the soil particles and lumps and is considered an important process in soil erosion. Given the complexity of this process in nature, one way of identifying and modeling the process is to use a rainfall simulator and to study it under laboratory circumstances. For this purpose, transported material was measured with various rainfall intensities and different amounts of poly-acryl-amide. In the next step, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model the transported materials. The results showed that among the three methods, the best values of evaluation criteria were related to SVM, and ANFIS respectively. Among the three studied durations, the experiment with a duration of 30 minutes received the best results. The results based on available data showed by increasing the number of membership functions, over-fitting happens in the ANFIS method. To reduce the complexity of the model and the likelihood of over-fitting, some rules were eliminated. The results showed that the performance of the model improved by eliminating some rules. |
Bailon, Alvaro Gregorio; Mendoza, Fernando Leonel; Solis, Leonardo; Velasquez, José; Montes, Karime; Gutierrez, Diego Perla R; Kondo, Takumasa; Chirinos, Dorys T Endemic and invasive Coccinellidae associated with maize (Zea mays L.) fields, in Manabi province, Ecuador Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 35 - 41, 2022. @article{Bailon2022, title = {Endemic and invasive Coccinellidae associated with maize (\textit{Zea mays} L.) fields, in Manabi province, Ecuador}, author = {Alvaro Gregorio Bailon and Fernando Leonel Mendoza and Leonardo Solis and José Velasquez and Karime Montes and Diego R. Perla Gutierrez and Takumasa Kondo and Dorys T. Chirinos}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0004}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {35 - 41}, abstract = {Maize (Zea mays L.), which is considered an important cereal everywhere, is widely cultivated in different agroecological conditions. Throughout their phenological stages, maize crops are attacked by pests and diseases, and in Ecuador these phytosanitary problems are usually counteracted with applications of pesticides. However, knowledge of beneficial entomofauna is fundamental to guide pest management programs. As part of this objective, the Coccinellidae species present in maize fields in localities (Santa Ana, Colon, and Danzarin) in Manabí province were identified. In each zone, maize plants were sampled from 2018–2019. A total of 2,654 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were collected in this study, of which Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, Hyperaspis arida, and Psyllobora confluens were found in all the studied areas. Hyperaspis arida and Diomus apollonia are reported for the first time in Ecuador.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Maize (Zea mays L.), which is considered an important cereal everywhere, is widely cultivated in different agroecological conditions. Throughout their phenological stages, maize crops are attacked by pests and diseases, and in Ecuador these phytosanitary problems are usually counteracted with applications of pesticides. However, knowledge of beneficial entomofauna is fundamental to guide pest management programs. As part of this objective, the Coccinellidae species present in maize fields in localities (Santa Ana, Colon, and Danzarin) in Manabí province were identified. In each zone, maize plants were sampled from 2018–2019. A total of 2,654 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were collected in this study, of which Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, Hyperaspis arida, and Psyllobora confluens were found in all the studied areas. Hyperaspis arida and Diomus apollonia are reported for the first time in Ecuador. |
Prokopiak, Mariana; Mayorova, Oksana; Hrytsak, Liudmyla; Meshko, Halyna; Drobyk, Nadia The assessment of the current status of Gentiana lutea L. populations of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Ecological and genetic approaches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 42 - 50, 2022. @article{Prokopiak2022, title = {The assessment of the current status of \textit{Gentiana lutea} L. populations of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Ecological and genetic approaches}, author = {Mariana Prokopiak and Oksana Mayorova and Liudmyla Hrytsak and Halyna Meshko and Nadia Drobyk}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0005}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {42 - 50}, abstract = {Based on the analysis of the genetic polymorphisms (RGAP- and CDDP-PCR) among populations and comparison of these results with ecological characteristics (density, area, spatial and vitality structure, age, ability of renewal and self-maintenance), the status of five natural (Lemska, Gutyn Tomnatyk, Sheshul-Pavlyk, Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka) and one man-made (Pozhyzhevska) populations of Gentiana lutea from the Ukrainian Carpathians was assessed. The results of the complex ecological and genetic analysis have revealed that three populations are unstable (Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka, Gutyn Tomnatyk), two are relatively stable (Lemska, Pozhyzhevska) and only one is stable (Sheshul-Pavlyk). The research results can be used for stabilizing the number of violations and restoring the endangered natural populations. Based on these data, the recommendations for the conservation and protection of G. lutea populations have been developed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the analysis of the genetic polymorphisms (RGAP- and CDDP-PCR) among populations and comparison of these results with ecological characteristics (density, area, spatial and vitality structure, age, ability of renewal and self-maintenance), the status of five natural (Lemska, Gutyn Tomnatyk, Sheshul-Pavlyk, Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka) and one man-made (Pozhyzhevska) populations of Gentiana lutea from the Ukrainian Carpathians was assessed. The results of the complex ecological and genetic analysis have revealed that three populations are unstable (Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka, Gutyn Tomnatyk), two are relatively stable (Lemska, Pozhyzhevska) and only one is stable (Sheshul-Pavlyk). The research results can be used for stabilizing the number of violations and restoring the endangered natural populations. Based on these data, the recommendations for the conservation and protection of G. lutea populations have been developed. |
Abakumov, Evgeny V; Koptseva, Elena M Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 51 - 60, 2022. @article{Abakumov2022, title = {Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review}, author = {Evgeny V. Abakumov and Elena M. Koptseva}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0006}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {51 - 60}, abstract = {Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter. |
Ignatenko, Roman Viktorovich; Efimova, Lyubov Alexandrovna; Nikerova, Ksenia Mikhailovna The cytogenetic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 61 - 69, 2022. @article{Ignatenko2022, title = {The cytogenetic parameters of \textit{Pinus sylvestris} L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia)}, author = {Roman Viktorovich Ignatenko and Lyubov Alexandrovna Efimova and Ksenia Mikhailovna Nikerova}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0007}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {61 - 69}, abstract = {The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively. |
Nuñez, Luis Manuel Valenzuela; Sifuentes, Aldo Rafael Martínez; Herrera, José Antonio Hernández; de la Peña, Cristina García; Contreras, Edwin Amir Briceño; Saucedo, Julio César Ríos; Guerrero, Enrique Melo Spatial exploration, dendrometric characteristics and prediction models of wood production in a stand of Acacia schaffneri in Durango, Mexico Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 70 - 79, 2022. @article{Nuñez2022, title = {Spatial exploration, dendrometric characteristics and prediction models of wood production in a stand of \textit{Acacia schaffneri} in Durango, Mexico}, author = {Luis Manuel Valenzuela Nuñez and Aldo Rafael Martínez Sifuentes and José Antonio Hernández Herrera and Cristina García de la Peña and Edwin Amir Briceño Contreras and Julio César Ríos Saucedo and Enrique Melo Guerrero}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0008}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {70 - 79}, abstract = {Degraded vegetation is the result of a process that affects structural and functional characteristics. Tree species from the Acacia genus are very important to the ecosystem in semi-arid lands due to their participation in the recovery of highly degraded areas. One of the most important species among this genus is A. schaffneri. The status of a forest stand is determined according to its structure, including height, stratum and density. Remote sensing is a valuable method for estimating volumetric stocks and associated changes in forest populations over established periods of time. The objective of this research was to estimate wood volume of A. schaffneri using remote sensing, and to complement that information with the results obtained from an estimation method based on forest measurements. The results obtained showed that the crown area was the dendrometric variable that can be used in a wood volume prediction model. In the exploratory analysis between dendrometric variables and remote sensing showed low and negative associations were observed in the four stations analyzed. There are conservation problems due to anthropogenic activities, among which stands out the intensive grazing that results in a decrease of the natural regeneration capacity of Acacia schaffneri.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Degraded vegetation is the result of a process that affects structural and functional characteristics. Tree species from the Acacia genus are very important to the ecosystem in semi-arid lands due to their participation in the recovery of highly degraded areas. One of the most important species among this genus is A. schaffneri. The status of a forest stand is determined according to its structure, including height, stratum and density. Remote sensing is a valuable method for estimating volumetric stocks and associated changes in forest populations over established periods of time. The objective of this research was to estimate wood volume of A. schaffneri using remote sensing, and to complement that information with the results obtained from an estimation method based on forest measurements. The results obtained showed that the crown area was the dendrometric variable that can be used in a wood volume prediction model. In the exploratory analysis between dendrometric variables and remote sensing showed low and negative associations were observed in the four stations analyzed. There are conservation problems due to anthropogenic activities, among which stands out the intensive grazing that results in a decrease of the natural regeneration capacity of Acacia schaffneri. |
Shanjani, Parvin Salehi; Rasoulzadeh, Leila; Javadi, Hamideh Evaluation of Achillea, Matricaria, and Anthemis plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 80 - 91, 2022. @article{Shanjani2022, title = {Evaluation of \textit{Achillea}, \textit{Matricaria}, and \textit{Anthemis} plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages}, author = {Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Rasoulzadeh and Hamideh Javadi}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0009}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {80 - 91}, abstract = {The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions. |
➤ Volume 48(2) 2021
Koshelev, Olexander; Koshelev, Vasiliy; Fedushko, Marina; Zhukov, Olexander Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 118 - 135, 2021. @article{Koshelev2021, title = {Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level}, author = {Olexander Koshelev and Vasiliy Koshelev and Marina Fedushko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0001-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0013}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {118 - 135}, abstract = {The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community. |
Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Ioannidis, Kostas Constructing single-entry stem volume models for four economically important tree species of Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 136 - 146, 2021. @article{Koulelis2021, title = {Constructing single-entry stem volume models for four economically important tree species of Greece}, author = {Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Kostas Ioannidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {136 - 146}, abstract = {Three different nonlinear regression models were tested for their ability to predict stem volume for economically important native tree species in Greece. Τhe models were evaluated using adjusted R square (Adj Rsqr) root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICc), where necessary. In general, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial models and the two-parameter power models fit the data well. Although the two-parameter power function fit best for fir, oak, and beech trees, the cubic polynomial model produced the best fit statistics for black pine. Making forest inventory estimates often involves predicting tree volumes from only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and merchantable height. This study covers important gaps in fast and cost-effective methods for calculating the volume of tree species at national level. However, the increasing need for reliable estimates of inventory components and volume changes requires more accurate volume estimation techniques. Especially when those estimates concern the national inventory, those models must be validated using an entire range of age/diameter and site classes of each species before their extended use across the country to promote the sustainable use of forest resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three different nonlinear regression models were tested for their ability to predict stem volume for economically important native tree species in Greece. Τhe models were evaluated using adjusted R square (Adj Rsqr) root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICc), where necessary. In general, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial models and the two-parameter power models fit the data well. Although the two-parameter power function fit best for fir, oak, and beech trees, the cubic polynomial model produced the best fit statistics for black pine. Making forest inventory estimates often involves predicting tree volumes from only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and merchantable height. This study covers important gaps in fast and cost-effective methods for calculating the volume of tree species at national level. However, the increasing need for reliable estimates of inventory components and volume changes requires more accurate volume estimation techniques. Especially when those estimates concern the national inventory, those models must be validated using an entire range of age/diameter and site classes of each species before their extended use across the country to promote the sustainable use of forest resources. |
Langraf, Vladimír; Petrovičová, Kornélia; Krumpálová, Zuzana; Svoradová, Andrea; Schlarmannová, Janka Dispersion of the epigeic fauna groups in the agricultural landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 147 - 155, 2021. @article{Langraf2021, title = {Dispersion of the epigeic fauna groups in the agricultural landscape}, author = {Vladimír Langraf and Kornélia Petrovičová and Zuzana Krumpálová and Andrea Svoradová and Janka Schlarmannová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0003-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0015}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {147 - 155}, abstract = {Changes in the structure of epigeic animal groups indicate ecological stability, which are influenced by urbanization, agriculture, and forestry. The aim of the paper was to assess the impact of agrarian land in the vicinity of urban and suburban landscape and non-fragmented forest in the vicinity of rural landscape on the occurrence of epigeic groups. We recorded the pitfall traps - 19, 676 individuals belonging to 20 taxonomic groups at 9 localities representing 7 types of habitat. Our results indicate a year-on-year increase in the number of individuals of epigeic groups in the city, with surrounding agrarian land. We found a correlation between eudominant epigeic groups of Aranea and Hymenoptera and rural landscape with the non-fragmented surrounding. Coleoptera has shown a link between the conditions of urban and suburban landscape with the surrounding developed agriculture. We confirmed a statistically significant effect for luminosity (p = 0.002), humidity (p = 0.025) and pH (p = 0.017).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in the structure of epigeic animal groups indicate ecological stability, which are influenced by urbanization, agriculture, and forestry. The aim of the paper was to assess the impact of agrarian land in the vicinity of urban and suburban landscape and non-fragmented forest in the vicinity of rural landscape on the occurrence of epigeic groups. We recorded the pitfall traps - 19, 676 individuals belonging to 20 taxonomic groups at 9 localities representing 7 types of habitat. Our results indicate a year-on-year increase in the number of individuals of epigeic groups in the city, with surrounding agrarian land. We found a correlation between eudominant epigeic groups of Aranea and Hymenoptera and rural landscape with the non-fragmented surrounding. Coleoptera has shown a link between the conditions of urban and suburban landscape with the surrounding developed agriculture. We confirmed a statistically significant effect for luminosity (p = 0.002), humidity (p = 0.025) and pH (p = 0.017). |
Tabasi, Melika; Mehrabian, Ahmadreza; Sayadi, Sadaf Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 156 - 168, 2021. @article{Tabasi2021, title = {Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East}, author = {Melika Tabasi and Ahmadreza Mehrabian and Sadaf Sayadi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0016}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {156 - 168}, abstract = {Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value. |
Petluš, Peter; Petlušová, Viera; Baláž, Ivan; Ševčík, Michal; Lešová, Andrea; Hapl, Ervín Impact of management measures on the European ground squirrel population development Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 169 - 179, 2021. @article{Petluš2021, title = {Impact of management measures on the European ground squirrel population development}, author = {Peter Petluš and Viera Petlušová and Ivan Baláž and Michal Ševčík and Andrea Lešová and Ervín Hapl}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0005-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0017}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {169 - 179}, abstract = {In the past, the European ground squirrel represented a common part of Slovakian fauna. During the 20th century, there was a substantial decrease in its number, mainly due to the intensification of agriculture. Currently, several programs focused on the recovery and preservation of ground squirrel colonies have been implemented. The aim in supporting the population of the European ground squirrel is to increase the number of birds of prey and to ensure a food base for them. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the success rate of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) management measures. The research was realized at two localities in the Protected Bird Area Slovenský kras (Hrhov and Gemerská Hôrka) in the years 2015–2018. Activities were focused on the management of grassland and supplemental feeding during the breeding period. As a result of the management measures and the supplemental feeding, we managed to maintain a positive trend in the populations’ development, as there was an increase observed in all the monitored seasons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the past, the European ground squirrel represented a common part of Slovakian fauna. During the 20th century, there was a substantial decrease in its number, mainly due to the intensification of agriculture. Currently, several programs focused on the recovery and preservation of ground squirrel colonies have been implemented. The aim in supporting the population of the European ground squirrel is to increase the number of birds of prey and to ensure a food base for them. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the success rate of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) management measures. The research was realized at two localities in the Protected Bird Area Slovenský kras (Hrhov and Gemerská Hôrka) in the years 2015–2018. Activities were focused on the management of grassland and supplemental feeding during the breeding period. As a result of the management measures and the supplemental feeding, we managed to maintain a positive trend in the populations’ development, as there was an increase observed in all the monitored seasons. |
Al-Traboulsi, Manal; Wilsey, Brian; Potvin, Catherine The effect of long-term CO2 enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 180 - 190, 2021. @article{Al-Traboulsi2021, title = {The effect of long-term CO_{2} enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland}, author = {Manal Al-Traboulsi and Brian Wilsey and Catherine Potvin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0018}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {180 - 190}, abstract = {Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4+-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4+-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil. |
Makaida, Maksym V; Pakhomov, Oleksander Y; Brygadyrenko, Viktor V Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 191 - 198, 2021. @article{Makaida2021, title = {Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae)}, author = {Maksym V. Makaida and Oleksander Y. Pakhomov and Viktor V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0019}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {191 - 198}, abstract = {Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year. |
Foxx, Alicia J; Wojcik, Siobhán T Plasticity in response to soil texture affects the relationships between a shoot and root trait and responses vary by population Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 199 - 204, 2021. @article{Foxx2021, title = {Plasticity in response to soil texture affects the relationships between a shoot and root trait and responses vary by population}, author = {Alicia J. Foxx and Siobhán T. Wojcik}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0008-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {199 - 204}, abstract = {The relationships between shoot and root traits can inform plant selection for restoration, forestry, and agriculture and help to identify relationships that inform plant productivity and enhance their performance. But the strength of coordination between above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits varies due to differences in edaphic properties and population variation. More assessments are needed to determine what conditions influence these relationships. So, we tested whether plant population and soil texture affect the relationship between shoot and root traits which have important ecological ramifications for competition and resource capture: shoot height and root tip production. We grew seedlings of two populations of Bromus tectorum due to is fast growing nature in a growth chamber in loam soil, sand, and clay. We found variation in height by plant population and the substrate used (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and variation in root tip production by the substrate used (R2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Importantly, we found that relationships between shoot height and root tip production varied by soil texture and population (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.0001), and growth in sand produced the strongest relationship and was the most water deficient substrate (R2 = 0.32). This shows that screening populations under several environments influences appropriate plant selection.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The relationships between shoot and root traits can inform plant selection for restoration, forestry, and agriculture and help to identify relationships that inform plant productivity and enhance their performance. But the strength of coordination between above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits varies due to differences in edaphic properties and population variation. More assessments are needed to determine what conditions influence these relationships. So, we tested whether plant population and soil texture affect the relationship between shoot and root traits which have important ecological ramifications for competition and resource capture: shoot height and root tip production. We grew seedlings of two populations of Bromus tectorum due to is fast growing nature in a growth chamber in loam soil, sand, and clay. We found variation in height by plant population and the substrate used (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and variation in root tip production by the substrate used (R2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Importantly, we found that relationships between shoot height and root tip production varied by soil texture and population (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.0001), and growth in sand produced the strongest relationship and was the most water deficient substrate (R2 = 0.32). This shows that screening populations under several environments influences appropriate plant selection. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis Nickel in forests – a short review on its distribution and fluxes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 205 - 214, 2021. @article{Michopoulos2021b, title = {Nickel in forests – a short review on its distribution and fluxes}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0009-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0021}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {205 - 214}, abstract = {The distribution and cycling of nickel (Ni) in forests is greatly affected by their proximity to emission sources of the metal. The throughfall deposition is always richer in Ni than the bulk deposition. It can be inferred that some dry deposition enriches the throughfall. In remote forested areas, the hydrological fluxes of Ni do not differ a lot from those in litterfall. In addition, the current year needles in conifers have higher concentrations than the older needles, a sign of absorption and mobility of the metal. In contrast, near an industrial Ni source the older needles accumulate much more of the metal. The Ni content in bark tissue can be used to map the deposition distribution of the metal around an area (rural or urban). The concentrations of Ni in forest soils is also dependent on their distances from the Ni emission sources and the nature of the soil parent material. The Ni concentrations increase with soil depth due to the geogenic origin of the metal. Low pH greatly enhances the mobility of the metal in soils, much more than the leachability of organic matter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The distribution and cycling of nickel (Ni) in forests is greatly affected by their proximity to emission sources of the metal. The throughfall deposition is always richer in Ni than the bulk deposition. It can be inferred that some dry deposition enriches the throughfall. In remote forested areas, the hydrological fluxes of Ni do not differ a lot from those in litterfall. In addition, the current year needles in conifers have higher concentrations than the older needles, a sign of absorption and mobility of the metal. In contrast, near an industrial Ni source the older needles accumulate much more of the metal. The Ni content in bark tissue can be used to map the deposition distribution of the metal around an area (rural or urban). The concentrations of Ni in forest soils is also dependent on their distances from the Ni emission sources and the nature of the soil parent material. The Ni concentrations increase with soil depth due to the geogenic origin of the metal. Low pH greatly enhances the mobility of the metal in soils, much more than the leachability of organic matter. |
Gubar, Lubov; Koniakin, Serhii Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 215 - 228, 2021. @article{Gubar2021, title = {Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine)}, author = {Lubov Gubar and Serhii Koniakin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0010-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0022}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {215 - 228}, abstract = {In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential. |
➤ Volume 48(1) 2021
Urban, Peter; Sabo, Peter; Plesník, Jan How to define ecology on the basis of its current understanding? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 1-8, 2021. @article{Urban2020, title = {How to define ecology on the basis of its current understanding?}, author = {Peter Urban and Peter Sabo and Jan Plesník}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0001}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {The frequently used term ecology is currently interpreted in various ways. This scientific discipline has undergone relatively dynamic development since its inception, and its character is still widening and changing. Therefore, in this contribution we attempt to briefly summarize the subject and contents of current ecology, as well as to propose its more systemic and comprehensive definition. We try to enhance its present definitions especially by putting emphasis on the dynamics of nature (the dynamics of natural processes). We define current ecology as the science dealing with the structure, dynamics and functions of nature including evolution, where structure involves the distribution and abundance of individual organisms, habitats and ecosystems; dynamics include all the aspects of their life trajectories and cycles, including growth, development, reproduction or renewal, interactions and their changes, the cycling of matter, flows of energy and information and their transformations; and functions involve the properties, traits and niches of individual organisms and species in an ecosystem, as well as the properties and niches of ecosystems in the landscape, ecoregion or in the whole Earth system.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The frequently used term ecology is currently interpreted in various ways. This scientific discipline has undergone relatively dynamic development since its inception, and its character is still widening and changing. Therefore, in this contribution we attempt to briefly summarize the subject and contents of current ecology, as well as to propose its more systemic and comprehensive definition. We try to enhance its present definitions especially by putting emphasis on the dynamics of nature (the dynamics of natural processes). We define current ecology as the science dealing with the structure, dynamics and functions of nature including evolution, where structure involves the distribution and abundance of individual organisms, habitats and ecosystems; dynamics include all the aspects of their life trajectories and cycles, including growth, development, reproduction or renewal, interactions and their changes, the cycling of matter, flows of energy and information and their transformations; and functions involve the properties, traits and niches of individual organisms and species in an ecosystem, as well as the properties and niches of ecosystems in the landscape, ecoregion or in the whole Earth system. |
Karlin, Marcos Sebastián; Arnulphi, Sebastián Abel; Salazar, Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 9-24, 2021. @article{Karlin2021, title = {Mid-term changes in the physiognomy of plant communities and functional plant groups define successional pathways of mountain vegetation in the province of Córdoba (Argentina)}, author = {Marcos Sebastián Karlin and Sebastián Abel Arnulphi and Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Salazar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0002}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {9-24}, abstract = {To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups. |
Blaženec, Miroslav; Majdák, Andrej; Jakuš, Rastislav Improvement of Ips typographus catches in pheromone trap barriers by altering of sex assigned pheromone blends Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 25-34, 2021. @article{Blaženec2021, title = {Improvement of Ips typographus catches in pheromone trap barriers by altering of sex assigned pheromone blends}, author = {Miroslav Blaženec and Andrej Majdák and Rastislav Jakuš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0003}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {25-34}, abstract = {The present study was based on the idea of a pheromone trap barrier with alternating dispensers releasing different pheromone mixtures that affect males and females differently. We tested the possibility of increasing the catch efficacy of pheromone trap barriers by altering the pheromone mixture with low levels of cis-Verbenol (cV, targeting males, BM), the mixture with high levels of cV (targeting females, BF) and the pheromone mixture with intermediate levels of cV (SL). In addition, we were interested in lowering the dispersion of attracted bark beetles, especially males, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. Significant highest absolute and relative catch was found in the catch of the combination BM–BF, which was 2.2-fold higher than the catch of the control barrier treated with commercial IT Ecolure baits (Fytofarm, Slovakia). At the same time, the lowest dispersal in the surroundings of the barrier with the combination BM–BF was found, which was 2.5-fold lower than in the control barrier. The performance of the BM–BF combination of mixtures was proved in a field trial experiment where the total season catch of the part of the barrier treated with BM–BF dispensers caught 1.5-fold more beetles during the season than the control part treated with IT Ecolure dispensers. Furthermore, the results confirm that the performance of the combination of low levels of cV (targeting males) and high levels of cV (targeting females) is complemented by the desired reduced dispersion around the barrier, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study was based on the idea of a pheromone trap barrier with alternating dispensers releasing different pheromone mixtures that affect males and females differently. We tested the possibility of increasing the catch efficacy of pheromone trap barriers by altering the pheromone mixture with low levels of cis-Verbenol (cV, targeting males, BM), the mixture with high levels of cV (targeting females, BF) and the pheromone mixture with intermediate levels of cV (SL). In addition, we were interested in lowering the dispersion of attracted bark beetles, especially males, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. Significant highest absolute and relative catch was found in the catch of the combination BM–BF, which was 2.2-fold higher than the catch of the control barrier treated with commercial IT Ecolure baits (Fytofarm, Slovakia). At the same time, the lowest dispersal in the surroundings of the barrier with the combination BM–BF was found, which was 2.5-fold lower than in the control barrier. The performance of the BM–BF combination of mixtures was proved in a field trial experiment where the total season catch of the part of the barrier treated with BM–BF dispensers caught 1.5-fold more beetles during the season than the control part treated with IT Ecolure dispensers. Furthermore, the results confirm that the performance of the combination of low levels of cV (targeting males) and high levels of cV (targeting females) is complemented by the desired reduced dispersion around the barrier, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis Arsenic in forests – a short review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 35-41, 2021. @article{Michopoulos2021, title = {Arsenic in forests – a short review}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0004}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {35-41}, abstract = {The inputs of As in forest ecosystems have declined since the eighties when the higher concentrations of that metalloid were observed due to industrial activities. The As inputs to the forest floor include throughfall and litterfall where dry deposition is an appreciable percentage. This is manifested by the higher As concentration in older needles of conifers and the enrichment of throughfall relative to the bulk deposition. The throughfall and the forest floor convert the inorganic As into methylated organic As and in this way reduce its toxicity. In unpolluted forests the vast percentage of As is retained in soils because the oxides of Fe and Al are very efficient holders. In polluted forested soils the As can become mobile and enrich the surface runoff waters approaching even the threshold value set by the World Health Organization. For this reason forest soils with high concentration of As due to former high loads should be monitored.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The inputs of As in forest ecosystems have declined since the eighties when the higher concentrations of that metalloid were observed due to industrial activities. The As inputs to the forest floor include throughfall and litterfall where dry deposition is an appreciable percentage. This is manifested by the higher As concentration in older needles of conifers and the enrichment of throughfall relative to the bulk deposition. The throughfall and the forest floor convert the inorganic As into methylated organic As and in this way reduce its toxicity. In unpolluted forests the vast percentage of As is retained in soils because the oxides of Fe and Al are very efficient holders. In polluted forested soils the As can become mobile and enrich the surface runoff waters approaching even the threshold value set by the World Health Organization. For this reason forest soils with high concentration of As due to former high loads should be monitored. |
Boyko, Olexandra; Brygadyrenko, Viktor Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 42-48, 2021. @article{Boyko2021, title = {Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants}, author = {Olexandra Boyko and Viktor Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0005}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {42-48}, abstract = {We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3. |
Dadach, Mohammed; Mehdadi, Zoheir Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 49-54, 2021. @article{Dadach2021, title = {Drought tolerance of three ethnomedicinal shrubs evaluated based on their seed germination rates at different drought levels induced by using polyethylene glycol (PEG_{6000})}, author = {Mohammed Dadach and Zoheir Mehdadi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0006}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, abstract = {Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Alhamd, Abdulrahman S; Naqvi, Summar A; Eissa, Mamdouh A Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 55-62, 2021. @article{Shareef2021, title = {Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Abdulrahman S. Alhamd and Summar A. Naqvi and Mamdouh A. Eissa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {55-62}, abstract = {The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention. |
Vysotska, Natalia; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Kobets, Oleksii White poplar (Populus alba L.) stands in Ukraine: the current state, growth specificities and prospects of using for forest plantations Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 63-72, 2021. @article{Vysotska2021, title = {White poplar (Populus alba L.) stands in Ukraine: the current state, growth specificities and prospects of using for forest plantations}, author = {Natalia Vysotska and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oleksii Kobets}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0008}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {63-72}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess the current state and evaluate the productivity of white poplar stands by natural zones within Ukraine and to define the prospects for their use for plantation forest cultivation. The objects of the study were white poplar stands in Ukrainian forests grown on the area of more than 7,600 hectares in various natural zones, namely Polissya (forest zone in Ukraine), Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The study was carried out based on the analysis of forest inventory data (Ukrainian forest fund database) containing given stand characteristics such as origin, age, diameter, height, type of forest site conditions, etc. The characteristics were estimated by grouping the plots by age. The growth specificities (dynamics of the main mensuration characteristics) and the productive capacity of the white poplar stands were analyzed based on the developed tables. It was found that white poplar stands are mainly concentrated in Steppe and Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. The stands are of coppice or artificial origin; they grow in moist fairly fertile, fresh fairly fertile and moist fertile sites. The age distribution of the white poplar stands is severely imbalanced due to a significant predominance of stands aged over 40 years in all natural zones within Ukraine. More productive are the white poplar stands growing within Polissya and Forest-Steppe. The developed growth and productivity tables should be used when planning and prioritizing the relevant forestry interventions in white poplar stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to assess the current state and evaluate the productivity of white poplar stands by natural zones within Ukraine and to define the prospects for their use for plantation forest cultivation. The objects of the study were white poplar stands in Ukrainian forests grown on the area of more than 7,600 hectares in various natural zones, namely Polissya (forest zone in Ukraine), Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The study was carried out based on the analysis of forest inventory data (Ukrainian forest fund database) containing given stand characteristics such as origin, age, diameter, height, type of forest site conditions, etc. The characteristics were estimated by grouping the plots by age. The growth specificities (dynamics of the main mensuration characteristics) and the productive capacity of the white poplar stands were analyzed based on the developed tables. It was found that white poplar stands are mainly concentrated in Steppe and Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. The stands are of coppice or artificial origin; they grow in moist fairly fertile, fresh fairly fertile and moist fertile sites. The age distribution of the white poplar stands is severely imbalanced due to a significant predominance of stands aged over 40 years in all natural zones within Ukraine. More productive are the white poplar stands growing within Polissya and Forest-Steppe. The developed growth and productivity tables should be used when planning and prioritizing the relevant forestry interventions in white poplar stands. |
Jakubcsiková, Michaela; Čerevková, Andrea; Renčo, Marek Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 73-81, 2021. @article{Jakubcsiková2021, title = {Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities}, author = {Michaela Jakubcsiková and Andrea Čerevková and Marek Renčo}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0009}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {73-81}, abstract = {The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Al-Tememi, Ibtihaj H; Abdi, Gholamreza Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 82-99, 2021. @article{Shareef2021b, title = {Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Ibtihaj H. Al-Tememi and Gholamreza Abdi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {82-99}, abstract = {Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Determinants of abundance and habitat association of mammals in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 100-109, 2021. @article{Adhikari2021, title = {Determinants of abundance and habitat association of mammals in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0011}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {100-109}, abstract = {Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), the biologically functional corridor, is surrounded by the large human settlements that exploit the corridor where large mammals such as tigers, leopards and their prey such as ungulates, primates, and rhinoceros occur. This study aimed to evaluate major determinants that affect the distribution of large mammals in BCF, Chitwan, Nepal that connects the biologically significant Chitwan National Park with the Mahabharat range. The status and distribution of large mammals along the habitat and disturbance gradients were determined by using 29 line transects (mean length = 4.59 ± 0.38 km) that covered a linear distance of 133.13 km. The chital were the most abundant mammals (density per km2 (D) = 8.9095 ± 1.4570 and encounter rate per km (ER) = 1.49) followed by rhesus monkey (D = 38.896 ± 16.013, ER = 0.28), wild boar (D = 14.814 ± 3.57, ER = 0.62), northern red muntjac (D = 9.6566 ± 2.9514, ER = 0.62) and sambar (D = 5.392 ± 2.319, ER = 0.38). Similarly, the sign encounter rate of tiger and leopard was 0.435 and 0.503 respectively. Habitat types, human disturbances, and coverage of invasive and alien plant species (IAPs) played a key role in the distribution of large mammals. The occurrence of mammals was low nearer to the settlements and roads and coverage of IAPs and more nearer to the water resources. However, degradation of foraging grounds such as grasslands by succession and invasion of alien plant species added more threats to the survival of large mammals. Therefore, such a situation can be improved through the scientific management of forests and grasslands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), the biologically functional corridor, is surrounded by the large human settlements that exploit the corridor where large mammals such as tigers, leopards and their prey such as ungulates, primates, and rhinoceros occur. This study aimed to evaluate major determinants that affect the distribution of large mammals in BCF, Chitwan, Nepal that connects the biologically significant Chitwan National Park with the Mahabharat range. The status and distribution of large mammals along the habitat and disturbance gradients were determined by using 29 line transects (mean length = 4.59 ± 0.38 km) that covered a linear distance of 133.13 km. The chital were the most abundant mammals (density per km2 (D) = 8.9095 ± 1.4570 and encounter rate per km (ER) = 1.49) followed by rhesus monkey (D = 38.896 ± 16.013, ER = 0.28), wild boar (D = 14.814 ± 3.57, ER = 0.62), northern red muntjac (D = 9.6566 ± 2.9514, ER = 0.62) and sambar (D = 5.392 ± 2.319, ER = 0.38). Similarly, the sign encounter rate of tiger and leopard was 0.435 and 0.503 respectively. Habitat types, human disturbances, and coverage of invasive and alien plant species (IAPs) played a key role in the distribution of large mammals. The occurrence of mammals was low nearer to the settlements and roads and coverage of IAPs and more nearer to the water resources. However, degradation of foraging grounds such as grasslands by succession and invasion of alien plant species added more threats to the survival of large mammals. Therefore, such a situation can be improved through the scientific management of forests and grasslands. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed; Ali, Abdulminam Hussian Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 110-117, 2021. @article{Al-Mayahi2021, title = {Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv.}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi and Abdulminam Hussian Ali}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0012}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {110-117}, abstract = {Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952. |
➤ Volume 47(2) 2020 - Special issue: Invasive species in forest, agricultural and urban ecosystems
Zach, Peter; Holecová, Milada; Brabec, Marek; Hollá, Katarína; Šebestová, Miroslava; Martinková, Zdenka; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Honěk, Alois; Nedvěd, Oldřich; Holec, Juraj; Brown, Peter M J; Saniga, Miroslav; Jauschová, Terézia; Kulfan, Ján Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 81–88, 2020. @article{Zach2020, title = {Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird}, author = {Peter Zach and Milada Holecová and Marek Brabec and Katarína Hollá and Miroslava Šebestová and Zdenka Martinková and Jiří Skuhrovec and Alois Honěk and Oldřich Nedvěd and Juraj Holec and Peter M.J. Brown and Miroslav Saniga and Terézia Jauschová and Ján Kulfan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0010}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {81–88}, abstract = {Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe. |
Urban, Peter; Guimarães, Nuno; Bučko, Jozef Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 89–99, 2020. @article{Urban2020b, title = {Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context}, author = {Peter Urban and Nuno Guimarães and Jozef Bučko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0011}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {89–99}, abstract = {This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species. |
Slezák, Michal; Farkašovská, Štefánia; Hrivnák, Richard Non-native plant species in alder-dominated forests in Slovakia: what does the regional- and the local-scale approach bring? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 100–108, 2020. @article{Slezák2020, title = {Non-native plant species in alder-dominated forests in Slovakia: what does the regional- and the local-scale approach bring?}, author = {Michal Slezák and Štefánia Farkašovská and Richard Hrivnák}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0012}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {100–108}, abstract = {European riparian forests are in general susceptible to plant invasions compared to other natural forest habitats. Their descriptive vegetation overviews with phytosociological affiliation contain detail insight into species composition patterns at various geographical scales, but quantitative assessment of the relationship between non-native plant richness and measured environmental variables is still scarce. We used two vegetation datasets of alder-dominated forests to analyse plant invasion patterns in the Pannonian and the Carpathian region of Slovakia. A large dataset of 918 vegetation plots was used at the regional scale, whereas 40 vegetation plots completed by ecological (mainly soil, climatic) predictors were used at the local scale in order to determine how they shape non-native species richness. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Pannonian and the Carpathian region in the number of non-native vascular plants at both scales, with altitude being the most important predictor. Generalized Linear Models accounted for 56.6% and 59.6% of alien species richness data in the Pannonian and Carpathian region, respectively. Alien richness was affected by altitude and soil pH in the Pannonian region, but only by altitude in the Carpathian region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } European riparian forests are in general susceptible to plant invasions compared to other natural forest habitats. Their descriptive vegetation overviews with phytosociological affiliation contain detail insight into species composition patterns at various geographical scales, but quantitative assessment of the relationship between non-native plant richness and measured environmental variables is still scarce. We used two vegetation datasets of alder-dominated forests to analyse plant invasion patterns in the Pannonian and the Carpathian region of Slovakia. A large dataset of 918 vegetation plots was used at the regional scale, whereas 40 vegetation plots completed by ecological (mainly soil, climatic) predictors were used at the local scale in order to determine how they shape non-native species richness. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Pannonian and the Carpathian region in the number of non-native vascular plants at both scales, with altitude being the most important predictor. Generalized Linear Models accounted for 56.6% and 59.6% of alien species richness data in the Pannonian and Carpathian region, respectively. Alien richness was affected by altitude and soil pH in the Pannonian region, but only by altitude in the Carpathian region. |
Supuka, Ján; Tóth, Attila; Bihuňová, Mária; Verešová, Martina; Šinka, Karol Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 109–120, 2020. @article{Supuka2020, title = {Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape}, author = {Ján Supuka and Attila Tóth and Mária Bihuňová and Martina Verešová and Karol Šinka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0013}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {109–120}, abstract = {The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only. |
Ferus, Peter; Hoťka, Peter; Košútová, Dominika; Konôpková, Jana Invasions of alien woody plant taxa across a cluster of villages neighbouring the Mlyňany Arboretum (SW Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 121-130, 2020. @article{Ferus2020, title = {Invasions of alien woody plant taxa across a cluster of villages neighbouring the Mlyňany Arboretum (SW Slovakia)}, author = {Peter Ferus and Peter Hoťka and Dominika Košútová and Jana Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0014}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {121-130}, abstract = {Ornamental plantations in cities and particularly botanical gardens and arboreta are rich sources of alien flora. Mlyňany Arboretum, established in 1892, cultivates 1049 non-native woody plant species on the area of 67 ha. In this work we answered following questions: 1. How many taxa are spontaneously spreading in the arboretum and how is the spreading intensity related to their ecological demands and reproduction traits? 2. How many taxa appear behind the fence? 3. How far from the arboretum they can get? 4. Do private gardens and historical aristocratic park in the studied village cluster contribute to species escapes from culture? 5. Which from the widely spread taxa can represent future risk of invasiveness on the national level? We found that about one tenth of taxa spread across the arboretum (particularly Cotoneaster spp., Prunus laurocerasus, P. serotina and Quercus rubra) and number of their seedlings corresponded only with the mother plant number. Almost one third of these species left the arboretum and their seedlings were observed in distance up to 500 m from the village (mainly Mahonia aquifolium, P. serotina). Private gardens were a large source of Juglans regia seedlings, frequency of which decreased with the distance from villages (no species escaped from the historical park). Weed risk assessment revealed potential invasion danger only for Amorpha fruticosa.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ornamental plantations in cities and particularly botanical gardens and arboreta are rich sources of alien flora. Mlyňany Arboretum, established in 1892, cultivates 1049 non-native woody plant species on the area of 67 ha. In this work we answered following questions: 1. How many taxa are spontaneously spreading in the arboretum and how is the spreading intensity related to their ecological demands and reproduction traits? 2. How many taxa appear behind the fence? 3. How far from the arboretum they can get? 4. Do private gardens and historical aristocratic park in the studied village cluster contribute to species escapes from culture? 5. Which from the widely spread taxa can represent future risk of invasiveness on the national level? We found that about one tenth of taxa spread across the arboretum (particularly Cotoneaster spp., Prunus laurocerasus, P. serotina and Quercus rubra) and number of their seedlings corresponded only with the mother plant number. Almost one third of these species left the arboretum and their seedlings were observed in distance up to 500 m from the village (mainly Mahonia aquifolium, P. serotina). Private gardens were a large source of Juglans regia seedlings, frequency of which decreased with the distance from villages (no species escaped from the historical park). Weed risk assessment revealed potential invasion danger only for Amorpha fruticosa. |
Paulin, Márton; Hirka, Anikó; Eötvös, Csaba Béla; Gáspár, Csaba; Fürjes-Mikó, Ágnes; Csóka, György Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 131-139, 2020. @article{Paulin2020, title = {Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review}, author = {Márton Paulin and Anikó Hirka and Csaba Béla Eötvös and Csaba Gáspár and Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó and György Csóka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0015}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {131-139}, abstract = {The North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB. |
Kovács, Gabriella Enikő; Nagy, Antal; Radócz, László; Szarukán, István Appearance of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) on sweet chestnut in Hungary (Heteroptera: Tingidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 140-143, 2020. @article{Kovács2020, title = {Appearance of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) on sweet chestnut in Hungary (Heteroptera: Tingidae)}, author = {Gabriella Enikő Kovács and Antal Nagy and László Radócz and István Szarukán}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0016}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {140-143}, abstract = {Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) has caused increasing damage throughout Europe since its appearance in 2000. In Hungary, it has become a dangerous pest of Quercus species in recent years. They frequently appear on ornamental and fruit trees, either, but this type of damage is not significant. Castanea species are known as their common host plants in their native area, but in Europe, it was detected only in Bulgaria. In this paper, we provide the first record of oak lace bug on sweet chestnut (C. sativa) in Hungary, which represents only the second European data on Castanea species. The pest was found in Debrecen, East Hungary.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) has caused increasing damage throughout Europe since its appearance in 2000. In Hungary, it has become a dangerous pest of Quercus species in recent years. They frequently appear on ornamental and fruit trees, either, but this type of damage is not significant. Castanea species are known as their common host plants in their native area, but in Europe, it was detected only in Bulgaria. In this paper, we provide the first record of oak lace bug on sweet chestnut (C. sativa) in Hungary, which represents only the second European data on Castanea species. The pest was found in Debrecen, East Hungary. |
Ondrušková, Emília; Ostrovský, Radovan; Jánošíková, Zuzana; Adamčíková, Katarína; Kobza, Marek Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 144-152, 2020. @article{Ondrušková2020b, title = {Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight}, author = {Emília Ondrušková and Radovan Ostrovský and Zuzana Jánošíková and Katarína Adamčíková and Marek Kobza}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0017}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {144-152}, abstract = {Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present. |
Csüllög, Kitti; Tarcali, Gábor Investigation of the mycelial compatibility of Macrophomina phaseolina Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 153-158, 2020. @article{Csüllög2020, title = {Investigation of the mycelial compatibility of Macrophomina phaseolina}, author = {Kitti Csüllög and Gábor Tarcali}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0018}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {153-158}, abstract = {Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is found on all five crop-growing continents. In hot and dry seasons, this fungus is capable of causing considerable damage. In this study, mycelial compatibility of M. phaseolina isolates was investigated. In total the 30 samples collected were tested to examine their compatibility. The sunflower samples examined were collected in 2019 and 2020 in different regions of Hungary (29 isolates) and Slovakia (1 isolate). A total of 465 pairing tests were made with 30 isolates. The results of our examination showed incompatibility in 12 pairings. In our studies, we also measured the size of the microsclerotia of the isolates in order to determine which group they belong to. The diameter of the microsclerotia ranged from 74 to 182 μm. Based on this, microsclerotia belong to group ‘C’, as well as the data of previous studies in Hungary.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is found on all five crop-growing continents. In hot and dry seasons, this fungus is capable of causing considerable damage. In this study, mycelial compatibility of M. phaseolina isolates was investigated. In total the 30 samples collected were tested to examine their compatibility. The sunflower samples examined were collected in 2019 and 2020 in different regions of Hungary (29 isolates) and Slovakia (1 isolate). A total of 465 pairing tests were made with 30 isolates. The results of our examination showed incompatibility in 12 pairings. In our studies, we also measured the size of the microsclerotia of the isolates in order to determine which group they belong to. The diameter of the microsclerotia ranged from 74 to 182 μm. Based on this, microsclerotia belong to group ‘C’, as well as the data of previous studies in Hungary. |
Prokopuk, Mariana; Zub, Lesya Urban ecosystems as locations of distribution of alien aquatic plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 159-167, 2020. @article{Prokopuk2020, title = {Urban ecosystems as locations of distribution of alien aquatic plants}, author = {Mariana Prokopuk and Lesya Zub}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0019}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {159-167}, abstract = {Peculiarities of alien macrophytes invasions into aquatic ecosystems located at urban landscapes were investigated on an example of water bodies, rivers and streams located within the Kyiv City (Ukraine). There have been recognised seven species of alien aquatic macrophytes established at the territory of Kyiv City, representing 11% of the hydrophilic flora of the city. The representatives of the recent invasions Egeria densa, Elodea nuttallii and Pistia stratiotes in comparison with Elodea сanadensis were characterized by a wider ecological valence concerning the contents of nitrogen compounds in water. Significant variability of morphometric parameters of coenopopulations of alien species formed in different environmental conditions was recognised. There was observed that the individuals of Pistia stratiotes from eutrophic water bodies formed significantly larger surface organs, and the individuals from meso-eutrophic reservoir had a larger number of leaves in the rosette, and more numerous and longer roots. The alien macrophytes species dwelling in the water bodies of the city were characterized by wide ecological amplitudes, high stress tolerance, high reproduction rate, high naturalization degree, allowing these species to use the resources of their new environment inaccessible for the local species and significantly affecting the ecosystem homeostasis and transformation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Peculiarities of alien macrophytes invasions into aquatic ecosystems located at urban landscapes were investigated on an example of water bodies, rivers and streams located within the Kyiv City (Ukraine). There have been recognised seven species of alien aquatic macrophytes established at the territory of Kyiv City, representing 11% of the hydrophilic flora of the city. The representatives of the recent invasions Egeria densa, Elodea nuttallii and Pistia stratiotes in comparison with Elodea сanadensis were characterized by a wider ecological valence concerning the contents of nitrogen compounds in water. Significant variability of morphometric parameters of coenopopulations of alien species formed in different environmental conditions was recognised. There was observed that the individuals of Pistia stratiotes from eutrophic water bodies formed significantly larger surface organs, and the individuals from meso-eutrophic reservoir had a larger number of leaves in the rosette, and more numerous and longer roots. The alien macrophytes species dwelling in the water bodies of the city were characterized by wide ecological amplitudes, high stress tolerance, high reproduction rate, high naturalization degree, allowing these species to use the resources of their new environment inaccessible for the local species and significantly affecting the ecosystem homeostasis and transformation. |
Grigorescu, Ines; Kucsicsa, Gheorghe; Dumitrașcu, Monica; Doroftei, Mihai Invasive terrestrial plant species in the Romanian protected areas. A review of the geographical aspects Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 168-177, 2020. @article{Grigorescu2020, title = {Invasive terrestrial plant species in the Romanian protected areas. A review of the geographical aspects}, author = {Ines Grigorescu and Gheorghe Kucsicsa and Monica Dumitrașcu and Mihai Doroftei}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0020}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {168-177}, abstract = {Geographical factors play an essential role in the occurrence and spread of invasive species worldwide, and their particular analysis at regional and local scales becomes important in understanding species development patterns. The present paper discusses the relationships between some key geographical factors and the Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species (ITPS) distribution, and their environmental implications in a few protected areas in Romania. The authors focused their attention on three of the foremost invaders (i.e. Amorpha fruticosa, Ailanthus altissima and Fallopia japonica) making use of the information provided by the scientific literature and some illustrative examples developed in the framework of the FP7 enviroGRIDS project. The study is aimed to increase the knowledge of the ITPS and, specifically, to contribute to the geographical understanding of the role played by the driving factors in their distribution and spread in various habitats and ecosystems. The results will further support the control efforts in protected areas where, often, valuable native species are at risk of being replaced by non-native species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Geographical factors play an essential role in the occurrence and spread of invasive species worldwide, and their particular analysis at regional and local scales becomes important in understanding species development patterns. The present paper discusses the relationships between some key geographical factors and the Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species (ITPS) distribution, and their environmental implications in a few protected areas in Romania. The authors focused their attention on three of the foremost invaders (i.e. Amorpha fruticosa, Ailanthus altissima and Fallopia japonica) making use of the information provided by the scientific literature and some illustrative examples developed in the framework of the FP7 enviroGRIDS project. The study is aimed to increase the knowledge of the ITPS and, specifically, to contribute to the geographical understanding of the role played by the driving factors in their distribution and spread in various habitats and ecosystems. The results will further support the control efforts in protected areas where, often, valuable native species are at risk of being replaced by non-native species. |
Csiszár, Ágnes; Kézdy, Pál; Korda, Márton; Bartha, Dénes Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 178-191, 2020. @article{Csiszár2020, title = {Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe}, author = {Ágnes Csiszár and Pál Kézdy and Márton Korda and Dénes Bartha}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0021}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {178-191}, abstract = {A questionnaire survey was carried out to examine the problems caused by invasive alien species (IAS) in Hungarian protected areas (PAs). Results from 144 PAs were evaluated and compared with a previous study of 21 European countries. In the European survey, the most important threats were habitat loss and fragmentation, Hungarian respondents put IAS in first place. Eradication, control and prevention were mentioned among the best strategies against invasive species in both surveys, but Hungarian PA managers emphasized the efficiency of habitat restoration and regulatory as well. Comparing the harmful animals and plants occurring in most Hungarian and European PAs, we found nearly 30% similarity. In most Hungarian PAs domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were indicated as most harmful species. The results of our study draw the attention to the species, which are highly invasive in Hungary, but are missing from the European PAs list, therefore may pose a potential threat to other protected areas of Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A questionnaire survey was carried out to examine the problems caused by invasive alien species (IAS) in Hungarian protected areas (PAs). Results from 144 PAs were evaluated and compared with a previous study of 21 European countries. In the European survey, the most important threats were habitat loss and fragmentation, Hungarian respondents put IAS in first place. Eradication, control and prevention were mentioned among the best strategies against invasive species in both surveys, but Hungarian PA managers emphasized the efficiency of habitat restoration and regulatory as well. Comparing the harmful animals and plants occurring in most Hungarian and European PAs, we found nearly 30% similarity. In most Hungarian PAs domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were indicated as most harmful species. The results of our study draw the attention to the species, which are highly invasive in Hungary, but are missing from the European PAs list, therefore may pose a potential threat to other protected areas of Europe. |
➤ Volume 47(1) 2020
Barna, Milan; Ferezliev, Angel; Tsakov, Hristo; Mihál, Ivan Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in windthrow areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes Journal Article 47 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Barna2020, title = {Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in windthrow areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes}, author = {Milan Barna and Angel Ferezliev and Hristo Tsakov and Ivan Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems. |
di Bagno, Ermellina; Battisti, Corrado; Zullo, Francesco; Amori, Giovanni Applying abundance/biomass comparison curves to small mammals: a weak tool for detect urbanization-related stress in the assemblages? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 10-15, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{diBagno2020, title = {Applying abundance/biomass comparison curves to small mammals: a weak tool for detect urbanization-related stress in the assemblages?}, author = {Ermellina di Bagno and Corrado Battisti and Francesco Zullo and Giovanni Amori}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0002.pdf}, doi = {0.2478/foecol-2020-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {10-15}, abstract = {Urbanization is a form of pervasive human-induced disturbance. We tested the effectiveness of Abundance/Biomass Comparisons (ABC) as an approach in detecting stress due to landscape urbanization in large small mammal assemblages obtained from pellets of Barn Owl (Tyto alba; Strigiformes). We compared three assemblages sampled in not urbanized contexts (agro-mosaic landscapes) with three assemblages preyed in highly urbanized contexts. In all assemblages, the role of strictly synanthropic species (in our case: rodents) emerged since almost all of total biomass was assigned to these species: indeed, everywhere (both in agro-mosaic and urbanized sites) species of low trophic level (i.e. omnivorous/herbivorous rodents) significantly prevail in biomass when compared to insectivorous species (i.e. shrews, Soricomorpha) linked to less anthropized habitats. This biomass dominance in rodent species is highlighted by the data on evenness, showing lower values in biomass when compared to abundance. This pattern did not match with the classic assumption expressed by the ABC model (i.e., species with higher biomass are typical of undisturbed assemblage) and could be wrongly interpreted. Our study evidenced as ABC approach is a not reliable tool to detect the effect of urbanization as landscape disturbance acting on small mammal assemblages. Therefore we suggest that the ABC assumptions are not universal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Urbanization is a form of pervasive human-induced disturbance. We tested the effectiveness of Abundance/Biomass Comparisons (ABC) as an approach in detecting stress due to landscape urbanization in large small mammal assemblages obtained from pellets of Barn Owl (Tyto alba; Strigiformes). We compared three assemblages sampled in not urbanized contexts (agro-mosaic landscapes) with three assemblages preyed in highly urbanized contexts. In all assemblages, the role of strictly synanthropic species (in our case: rodents) emerged since almost all of total biomass was assigned to these species: indeed, everywhere (both in agro-mosaic and urbanized sites) species of low trophic level (i.e. omnivorous/herbivorous rodents) significantly prevail in biomass when compared to insectivorous species (i.e. shrews, Soricomorpha) linked to less anthropized habitats. This biomass dominance in rodent species is highlighted by the data on evenness, showing lower values in biomass when compared to abundance. This pattern did not match with the classic assumption expressed by the ABC model (i.e., species with higher biomass are typical of undisturbed assemblage) and could be wrongly interpreted. Our study evidenced as ABC approach is a not reliable tool to detect the effect of urbanization as landscape disturbance acting on small mammal assemblages. Therefore we suggest that the ABC assumptions are not universal |
Račko, Vladimír; Mihál, Ivan; Mišíková, Oľga Beech bark disease in Slovakia related to fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. and the anatomy of necrotised bark and wood: a brief review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 16-22, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Račko2020, title = {Beech bark disease in Slovakia related to fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. and the anatomy of necrotised bark and wood: a brief review}, author = {Vladimír Račko and Ivan Mihál and Oľga Mišíková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {16-22}, abstract = {This short review summarises the history and current knowledge regarding beech bark disease (BBD) in Slovakia. Moreover, the results of ongoing long-term disease monitoring are summarised. The article also provides a list of the 29 Nectria s.l. species found to date in Slovakia, complete with information about their occurrence on host tree species. Above all, we highlight the need for histopathological research on beech tissues attacked by different Nectria spp. Notably, neither the defensive response mechanisms of host cellular tissues at the anatomical and biochemical levels nor the strategy of decomposition by different pathogens have been explored in beech.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This short review summarises the history and current knowledge regarding beech bark disease (BBD) in Slovakia. Moreover, the results of ongoing long-term disease monitoring are summarised. The article also provides a list of the 29 Nectria s.l. species found to date in Slovakia, complete with information about their occurrence on host tree species. Above all, we highlight the need for histopathological research on beech tissues attacked by different Nectria spp. Notably, neither the defensive response mechanisms of host cellular tissues at the anatomical and biochemical levels nor the strategy of decomposition by different pathogens have been explored in beech. |
Komlyk, Viktoriia; Brygadyrenko, Viktor Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 23-33, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Komlyk2020, title = {Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity}, author = {Viktoriia Komlyk and Viktor Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {23-33}, abstract = {This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research. |
Konôpková, Jana; Košútová, Dominika; Ferus, Peter Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 34-44, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Konôpková2020, title = {Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa}, author = {Jana Konôpková and Dominika Košútová and Peter Ferus}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0005}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {34-44}, abstract = {The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra', M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Lennei', and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana 'Lennei' proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l–1 of BAP and 1.0 g l–1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra', M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Lennei', and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana 'Lennei' proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l–1 of BAP and 1.0 g l–1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Abdi, Gholamreza; Fahad, Shah Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 45-51, 2020. @article{Shareef2020, title = {Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Gholamreza Abdi and Shah Fahad}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0006}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {45-51}, abstract = {Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor. |
Berisha, Naim; Krasniqi, Elez; Millaku, Fadil A quantitative approach for conservation of endangered and endemic plants from Kosovo, SE Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 52-63, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Berisha2020, title = {A quantitative approach for conservation of endangered and endemic plants from Kosovo, SE Europe}, author = {Naim Berisha and Elez Krasniqi and Fadil Millaku}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0007}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {52-63}, abstract = {Basic patterns of most priority biodiversity areas of Kosovo that shall be considered for conservation studies are offered here. On this work, all plant taxa that are included in the Kosovarian Red list are analysed and their analogy is interpreted to conservation priority hotspots. Kosovo represents an important centre for Balkan biodiversity; therefore a quantitative evaluation of the importance of different priority areas for conserving plant diversity of Kosovo is very much needed. This study provides a detailed quantitative approach concerning the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, using threatened and endangered plant taxa in well-known grid squares system. Used grid squares (20 × 20 km) were classified into four different groups in terms of their conservation importance. Valuation factors taken into account are IUCN based risk category, endemism as well as ecological and distributional attributes. The results indicated that there are four grid squares – D4 (0.4300), G7 (0.3910), G8 (0.2750) and E4 (0.2860), that have remarkable conservation importance. These grid squares are all located along mostly high-elevation areas of two National Parks in Kosovo. These national scale data should prove to be very appropriate and easy to follow evidence for environmental decision-making bodies as well as be used for further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Basic patterns of most priority biodiversity areas of Kosovo that shall be considered for conservation studies are offered here. On this work, all plant taxa that are included in the Kosovarian Red list are analysed and their analogy is interpreted to conservation priority hotspots. Kosovo represents an important centre for Balkan biodiversity; therefore a quantitative evaluation of the importance of different priority areas for conserving plant diversity of Kosovo is very much needed. This study provides a detailed quantitative approach concerning the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, using threatened and endangered plant taxa in well-known grid squares system. Used grid squares (20 × 20 km) were classified into four different groups in terms of their conservation importance. Valuation factors taken into account are IUCN based risk category, endemism as well as ecological and distributional attributes. The results indicated that there are four grid squares – D4 (0.4300), G7 (0.3910), G8 (0.2750) and E4 (0.2860), that have remarkable conservation importance. These grid squares are all located along mostly high-elevation areas of two National Parks in Kosovo. These national scale data should prove to be very appropriate and easy to follow evidence for environmental decision-making bodies as well as be used for further research. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed; Jafar, Osama Nazim; Mohsen, Khaun Ali Effect of glutathione (GSH) on Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 64-69, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Al-Mayahi2020, title = {Effect of glutathione (GSH) on Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi and Osama Nazim Jafar and Khaun Ali Mohsen}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0008}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {64-69}, abstract = {The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of glutathione (GSH: levels 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication and phytochemicals of in vitro shoots of the Date palm cv. Barhee. The optimum concentration of GSH was 1.0 mM. Such concentration improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 312.0 mg, the addition of this substance of the same concentration level showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (73.34 ± 2.69 and 8.83 ± 0.80 shoots/jar, respectively). Also, the 1.0 GSH application resulted in reducing the percentage of browning to 0.0 compared to the other concentrations. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that treatments GSH of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM reduced the total soluble phenols compound (TSPC). These treatments were also more effectively reducing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity than the concentrations of 2 mM or 0 (control treatment).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of glutathione (GSH: levels 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication and phytochemicals of in vitro shoots of the Date palm cv. Barhee. The optimum concentration of GSH was 1.0 mM. Such concentration improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 312.0 mg, the addition of this substance of the same concentration level showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (73.34 ± 2.69 and 8.83 ± 0.80 shoots/jar, respectively). Also, the 1.0 GSH application resulted in reducing the percentage of browning to 0.0 compared to the other concentrations. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that treatments GSH of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM reduced the total soluble phenols compound (TSPC). These treatments were also more effectively reducing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity than the concentrations of 2 mM or 0 (control treatment). |
Tkach, Viktor; Bondar, Oleksandr; Rumiantsev, Maksym Pedunculate oak stands in the catchments of the river Vorskla’s tributaries Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 70-80, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tkach2020, title = {Pedunculate oak stands in the catchments of the river Vorskla’s tributaries}, author = {Viktor Tkach and Oleksandr Bondar and Maksym Rumiantsev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0009}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {70-80}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to analyze the origin of oak stands within the catchments of the Vorskla’s tributaries and to describe their state. Covering 60,900 ha, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands prevail and cover 51.1% of the total forest area of 119,200 ha in the catchment areas of the River Vorskla’s tributaries. The way oak stands are distributed in regards to trophotopes points at favourable conditions for their growth, as 81.7% of the area is a fresh fertile oak forest site type. Forest stands aged 41–80 years (39.8 % of the total area) and 81–120 years (50.4%) are prevailing. Natural oak stands cover almost 66.5% and planted ones grow at 33.5%. Distribution of oak stands in regards to the functional categories of forests shows a significant predominance of the protective forests. They cover 46.6% of the total area. The commercial forests cover 23.0%, the recreational ones make 18.8% and the forests with conservational, academic, historical and cultural purpose cover 11.6 %. Distribution patterns of oak forests in the catchments of the River Vorskla’s tributaries should be considered in the forest management in order to conserve their biodiversity and enhancing the performance of important environmental, protective, recreational and other functions. The article contains results of the study on the natural regeneration of Quercus robur and other wood species under the canopy of oak stands and on felling sites. The further research perspectives are a thorough study of the stand characteristics and the typological structure of forests in terms of certain wood species in the catchments of rivers all over Ukraine. It will help developing principles for the catchment and landscape zonation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to analyze the origin of oak stands within the catchments of the Vorskla’s tributaries and to describe their state. Covering 60,900 ha, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands prevail and cover 51.1% of the total forest area of 119,200 ha in the catchment areas of the River Vorskla’s tributaries. The way oak stands are distributed in regards to trophotopes points at favourable conditions for their growth, as 81.7% of the area is a fresh fertile oak forest site type. Forest stands aged 41–80 years (39.8 % of the total area) and 81–120 years (50.4%) are prevailing. Natural oak stands cover almost 66.5% and planted ones grow at 33.5%. Distribution of oak stands in regards to the functional categories of forests shows a significant predominance of the protective forests. They cover 46.6% of the total area. The commercial forests cover 23.0%, the recreational ones make 18.8% and the forests with conservational, academic, historical and cultural purpose cover 11.6 %. Distribution patterns of oak forests in the catchments of the River Vorskla’s tributaries should be considered in the forest management in order to conserve their biodiversity and enhancing the performance of important environmental, protective, recreational and other functions. The article contains results of the study on the natural regeneration of Quercus robur and other wood species under the canopy of oak stands and on felling sites. The further research perspectives are a thorough study of the stand characteristics and the typological structure of forests in terms of certain wood species in the catchments of rivers all over Ukraine. It will help developing principles for the catchment and landscape zonation. |
➤ Volume 46(2) 2019
Saisamorn, Apinya; Duengkae, Prateep; Pattanavibool, Anak; Duangchantrasiri, Somphot; Simcharoen, Achara; Smith, James L D Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 73–82, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Saisamorn2019, title = {Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand}, author = {Apinya Saisamorn and Prateep Duengkae and Anak Pattanavibool and Somphot Duangchantrasiri and Achara Simcharoen and James L.D. Smith}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0010}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {73–82}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kulfan, Ján; Sarvašová, Lenka; Parák, Michal; Zach, Peter Effects of a host tree on movement and distribution of winter geometrid moths (Lepidoptera): thickness of trunks and branches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 83–90, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kulfan2019, title = {Effects of a host tree on movement and distribution of winter geometrid moths (Lepidoptera): thickness of trunks and branches}, author = {Ján Kulfan and Lenka Sarvašová and Michal Parák and Peter Zach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0011}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {83–90}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Charaspet, Khwanrutai; Sukmasuang, Ronglarp; Khiowsree, Noraset; Songsasen, Nucharin; Simchareon, Saksit; Duengkae, Prateep Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 91–100, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Charaspet2019, title = {Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand}, author = {Khwanrutai Charaspet and Ronglarp Sukmasuang and Noraset Khiowsree and Nucharin Songsasen and Saksit Simchareon and Prateep Duengkae}, doi = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0003-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {91–100}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Zhukov, Oleksandr V; Kunah, Olga M; Dubinina, Yuliya Y; Fedushko, Marina P; Kotsun, Vadim I; Zhukova, Yuliya O; Potapenko, Olena V Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 101–114, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zhukov2019, title = {Tree canopy affects soil macrofauna spatial patterns on broad- and meso- scale levels in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest in the floodplain of the River Dnipro}, author = {Oleksandr V. Zhukov and Olga M. Kunah and Yuliya Y. Dubinina and Marina P. Fedushko and Vadim I. Kotsun and Yuliya O. Zhukova and Olena V. Potapenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0013}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {101–114}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Nourmohammadi, Kazem; Kartoolinejad, Davoud; Naghdi, Reza; Baskin, Carol C Effects of dormancy-breaking methods on germination of the water- impermeable seeds of Gleditsia caspica (Fabaceae) and seedling growth Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 115–126, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Nourmohammadi2019, title = {Effects of dormancy-breaking methods on germination of the water- impermeable seeds of Gleditsia caspica (Fabaceae) and seedling growth}, author = {Kazem Nourmohammadi and Davoud Kartoolinejad and Reza Naghdi and Carol C. Baskin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0014}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {115–126}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Daskalakou, Evangelia N; Ioannidis, Kostas E Impact of regional climatic conditions on tree growth on mainland Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 127–136, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Koulelis2019, title = {Impact of regional climatic conditions on tree growth on mainland Greece}, author = {Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Evangelia N. Daskalakou and Kostas E. Ioannidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0015}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {127–136}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Baláž, Ivan; Tulis, Filip; Zigová, Martina Differentiation of flea communities of small mammals in selected habitats in the Eastern Tatra Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 137–145, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Baláž2019, title = {Differentiation of flea communities of small mammals in selected habitats in the Eastern Tatra Mts}, author = {Ivan Baláž and Filip Tulis and Martina Zigová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0016}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {137–145}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Fazekašová, Danica; Fazekaš, Juraj Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the conditions of an ecological farming system Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 146–152, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Fazekašová2019, title = {Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the conditions of an ecological farming system}, author = {Danica Fazekašová and Juraj Fazekaš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0008-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0017}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {146–152}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Andrusevych, Kateryna; Zadorozhnaya, Galina Diversity, dynamics and ecological analysis of flora of reclaimed soil Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 153–163, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Andrusevych2019, title = {Diversity, dynamics and ecological analysis of flora of reclaimed soil}, author = {Kateryna Andrusevych and Galina Zadorozhnaya}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0009-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0018}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {153–163}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 164–169, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Al-Mayahi2019, title = {Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0019}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {164–169}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Thapamagar, Tilak; Bhandari, Shivish; Ghimire, Kishor; Bhusal, Daya Ram Threats to endangered musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 170–173, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Thapamagar2019, title = {Threats to endangered musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal}, author = {Tilak Thapamagar and Shivish Bhandari and Kishor Ghimire and Daya Ram Bhusal}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0020}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {170–173}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
➤ Volume 46(1) 2019
Rabiu, Safianu; Rose, Robert K Demographic response of the Gambian Gerbil to seasonal changes in Savannah fallow fields Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 1-9, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Rabiu2019, title = {Demographic response of the Gambian Gerbil to seasonal changes in Savannah fallow fields}, author = {Safianu Rabiu and Robert K. Rose}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2019-0001.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {The Savannah gerbil, Gerbilliscus gambianus (Muridae: Gerbillinae) is important to the ecological relations of the dry grassland ecosystem of West Africa, as well as, being a zoonotic agent of human diseases and potential crop pest. We examined the impact of seasonal changes on the population dynamics of G. gambianus in northern Nigeria, by completing population estimates using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) and indirect population density indices (PDI) methods. The latter included fecal pellet counts and limited spotlightening. During 1990–1992 we collected both CMR and PDI data, and established their relationship by regression, thus calibrating the PDI values to CMR estimator. We also completed a separate, PDI only, study during 2015–2017, and estimated monthly densities indirectly by toning the PDI values to population sizes in the CMR estimator. The lowest declines (<20 gerbils ha –1 ) were in mid rains (July–August), and highest increases (>90 gerbils ha –1 ) were after the rains (October–January). Seasonal effects on densities were significant during 1990–1992 but not during 2015–2017. There were improved survival rates for both adults (0.95) and young (0.83), adult capture probability (0.56), and mean monthly recruitment of young (23) after the rains. There was no significant change in the overall population dynamic pattern of G. gambianus over a 25-year period. Because G. gambianus did not maintain colonies inside farmlands cultivated by rain or irrigation, and its tendency for large population drops in mid-rains, we are in doubt of its potential as crop pest in northern Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Savannah gerbil, Gerbilliscus gambianus (Muridae: Gerbillinae) is important to the ecological relations of the dry grassland ecosystem of West Africa, as well as, being a zoonotic agent of human diseases and potential crop pest. We examined the impact of seasonal changes on the population dynamics of G. gambianus in northern Nigeria, by completing population estimates using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) and indirect population density indices (PDI) methods. The latter included fecal pellet counts and limited spotlightening. During 1990–1992 we collected both CMR and PDI data, and established their relationship by regression, thus calibrating the PDI values to CMR estimator. We also completed a separate, PDI only, study during 2015–2017, and estimated monthly densities indirectly by toning the PDI values to population sizes in the CMR estimator. The lowest declines (<20 gerbils ha –1 ) were in mid rains (July–August), and highest increases (>90 gerbils ha –1 ) were after the rains (October–January). Seasonal effects on densities were significant during 1990–1992 but not during 2015–2017. There were improved survival rates for both adults (0.95) and young (0.83), adult capture probability (0.56), and mean monthly recruitment of young (23) after the rains. There was no significant change in the overall population dynamic pattern of G. gambianus over a 25-year period. Because G. gambianus did not maintain colonies inside farmlands cultivated by rain or irrigation, and its tendency for large population drops in mid-rains, we are in doubt of its potential as crop pest in northern Nigeria. |
Stašiov, Slavomir; Svitok, Marek The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 10-15, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Stašiov2019, title = {The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest}, author = {Slavomir Stašiov and Marek Svitok}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0002.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {10-15}, abstract = {Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests. |
Kavan, Jan; Anděrová, Veronika Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 16-23, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kavan2019, title = {Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions}, author = {Jan Kavan and Veronika Anděrová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0003.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {16-23}, abstract = {A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature). |
Mirzaei, Mehrdad; Bonyad, Amir Eslam; Emamgheysi, Ismaeil Moradi; Navroodi, Iraj Hassanzad Effects of inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity in semi-arid forests of Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 24-29, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mirzaei2019, title = {Effects of inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity in semi-arid forests of Iran}, author = {Mehrdad Mirzaei and Amir Eslam Bonyad and Ismaeil Moradi Emamgheysi and Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0004.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {24-29}, abstract = {Species diversity is one of the most important indices used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. The sampling method and the number of plots are factors affecting the estimation of plant biodiversity. In the present study, effects of different inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity were compared in semi-arid forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on circular plots (1,000m 2 ) within inventory grids, with dimensions of 50 × 50 m (200 plots), 100 × 50 m (100 plots), 100 × 100 m (50 plots), 200 × 50 m (50 plots), 200 × 100 m (25 plots), and 250 × 200 m (10 plots). For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N 2 ), Shannon-Wiener (H ’ ), Mc Arthur (N 1 ), Smith-Wilson (E var ) and Margalef (R 1 ) indices were used to estimate the tree species diversity. The inventory grid was evaluated based on the precision and cost criteria (E% 2 × T). The obtained sampling error values showed that the inventory grid consisting of 200 plots exhibited more accuracy for estimating the biodiversity indices. But based on the results of E% 2 × T, the inventory grid with 25 plots was selected as the most appropriate one for estimating the tree species diversity in semi-arid forests. The results of this study can also serve to estimate the tree species diversity in other semi-arid forests of Iran.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species diversity is one of the most important indices used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. The sampling method and the number of plots are factors affecting the estimation of plant biodiversity. In the present study, effects of different inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity were compared in semi-arid forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on circular plots (1,000m 2 ) within inventory grids, with dimensions of 50 × 50 m (200 plots), 100 × 50 m (100 plots), 100 × 100 m (50 plots), 200 × 50 m (50 plots), 200 × 100 m (25 plots), and 250 × 200 m (10 plots). For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N 2 ), Shannon-Wiener (H ’ ), Mc Arthur (N 1 ), Smith-Wilson (E var ) and Margalef (R 1 ) indices were used to estimate the tree species diversity. The inventory grid was evaluated based on the precision and cost criteria (E% 2 × T). The obtained sampling error values showed that the inventory grid consisting of 200 plots exhibited more accuracy for estimating the biodiversity indices. But based on the results of E% 2 × T, the inventory grid with 25 plots was selected as the most appropriate one for estimating the tree species diversity in semi-arid forests. The results of this study can also serve to estimate the tree species diversity in other semi-arid forests of Iran. |
Žiarovská, Jana; Ražná, Katarína; Fernandéz, Eloy C; Bošeľová, Danka; Kyseľ, Matúš Habitat-related specifity of iPBS fingerprint in European populations of Hedera helix L. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 30-36, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Žiarovská2019, title = {Habitat-related specifity of iPBS fingerprint in European populations of Hedera helix L.}, author = {Jana Žiarovská and Katarína Ražná and Eloy C. Fernandéz and Danka Bošeľová and Matúš Kyseľ}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019_0005.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {30-36}, abstract = {Inter primer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism was investigated for common ivy (Hedera helix, L.) to obtain the knowledge on genetic diversity in this species. Actually, a very limited information exists about application of DNA markers in Hedera helix. Natural and planted European populations of ivy were analysed using an iPBS marker 5 ́ACCTGGCGTGCCA3 ́ with a total number of 238 fragments generated. Of these, 86% were polymorphic. There were determined certain attributes of this marker such as the diversity index (DI) and polymorphism information content (PIC). The value of the diversity index was 0.79 and the polymorphic information index was 0.78. The proportion of polymorphisms of the individual amplified loci ranged from 0.32% to 6.98%. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the European ivy populations where the distribution in the dendrogram under the habitat specifity was found for the used iPBS marker. We concluded that iPBS was very efficient in analysing the genetic diversity in Hedera helix, L. and that this marker can serve as a suitable tool to find genomically specific fingerprints relevant to the factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Inter primer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism was investigated for common ivy (Hedera helix, L.) to obtain the knowledge on genetic diversity in this species. Actually, a very limited information exists about application of DNA markers in Hedera helix. Natural and planted European populations of ivy were analysed using an iPBS marker 5 ́ACCTGGCGTGCCA3 ́ with a total number of 238 fragments generated. Of these, 86% were polymorphic. There were determined certain attributes of this marker such as the diversity index (DI) and polymorphism information content (PIC). The value of the diversity index was 0.79 and the polymorphic information index was 0.78. The proportion of polymorphisms of the individual amplified loci ranged from 0.32% to 6.98%. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the European ivy populations where the distribution in the dendrogram under the habitat specifity was found for the used iPBS marker. We concluded that iPBS was very efficient in analysing the genetic diversity in Hedera helix, L. and that this marker can serve as a suitable tool to find genomically specific fingerprints relevant to the factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation. |
Martinková, Zdenka; Koprdová, Stanislava; Kulfan, Ján; Zach, Peter; Honěk, Alois Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 37-44, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martinková2019, title = {Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds}, author = {Zdenka Martinková and Stanislava Koprdová and Ján Kulfan and Peter Zach and Alois Honěk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0006.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {37-44}, abstract = {Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species. |
Bijarpasi, Mahboobeh Mohebi; Shahraji, Taymour Rostami; Lahiji, Habiboalah Samizadeh Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 45-53, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bijarpasi2019, title = {Genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in Hyrcanian forests}, author = {Mahboobeh Mohebi Bijarpasi and Taymour Rostami Shahraji and Habiboalah Samizadeh Lahiji}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0007.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {45-53}, abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes. |
Ražná, Katarína; Žiarovská, Jana; Hrubík, Pavel; Batyaneková, Veronika; Vargaová, Angela Ecologically conditioned imprinting of miRNA-based profiles of Ginkgo biloba L. growing in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 54-62, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ražná2019, title = {Ecologically conditioned imprinting of miRNA-based profiles of Ginkgo biloba L. growing in Slovakia}, author = {Katarína Ražná and Jana Žiarovská and Pavel Hrubík and Veronika Batyaneková and Angela Vargaová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0008.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {54-62}, abstract = {Ginkgo biloba L. is characterized by its high level of resistance to climatic conditions, diseases, and pests. In Slovakia, there is a rich collection of genetic resources of ginkgo consisting of 288 trees growing in 103 locations and providing valuable biological material for scientific research. There have been documented 45 trees of ginkgo older than 100 years (ranging from 112 to 242 years of age). Their dendrometrical parameters were recorded. For genomic imprinting, three types of microRNA-based markers were selected; highly conserved gb-miR160, moderately conserved gb-miR482 and the species-specific gb-miR75. The most efficient one can be considered the marker gb-miR482 with its genotype-unique miRNA profiles probably related to this marker functioning in the defence mechanisms of the ginkgo species. Unique miRNA loci were recorded in genomes of young ginkgo trees. We found that, by selecting the appropriate microRNA-based markers, it is possible to characterize the ginkgo genome in the context of microclimatic conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ginkgo biloba L. is characterized by its high level of resistance to climatic conditions, diseases, and pests. In Slovakia, there is a rich collection of genetic resources of ginkgo consisting of 288 trees growing in 103 locations and providing valuable biological material for scientific research. There have been documented 45 trees of ginkgo older than 100 years (ranging from 112 to 242 years of age). Their dendrometrical parameters were recorded. For genomic imprinting, three types of microRNA-based markers were selected; highly conserved gb-miR160, moderately conserved gb-miR482 and the species-specific gb-miR75. The most efficient one can be considered the marker gb-miR482 with its genotype-unique miRNA profiles probably related to this marker functioning in the defence mechanisms of the ginkgo species. Unique miRNA loci were recorded in genomes of young ginkgo trees. We found that, by selecting the appropriate microRNA-based markers, it is possible to characterize the ginkgo genome in the context of microclimatic conditions. |
Duengkae, Prateep; Srikhunmuang, Pongsit; Chaiyes, Aingorn; Suksavate, Warong; Nantachai Pongpattananurak, ; Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Hemachudha, Thiravat Patch metrics of roosting site selection by Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei Andersen, 1908) in a human-dominated landscape in Thailand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 63-73, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Duengkae2019, title = {Patch metrics of roosting site selection by Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei Andersen, 1908) in a human-dominated landscape in Thailand}, author = {Prateep Duengkae and Pongsit Srikhunmuang and Aingorn Chaiyes and Warong Suksavate and Nantachai Pongpattananurak and Supaporn Wacharapluesadee and Thiravat Hemachudha}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0009.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {63-73}, abstract = {The association between patch metrics and roosting site (n = 31) suitability of Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei) in 26 Central Eastern and Western provinces of Thailand was quantified. Land use classes with 90-m resolution were identified based on various vegetation and land cover types to calculate patch metrics using FRAGSTATS. Then, Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) was performed using patch metrics covariates to produce a predictive potential distribution map. The results indicated that patch contiguity (contiguity index, 63.7%), patch area (29.3%), and patch shape complexity (shape index, 5.7%) are the most influential patch metrics, all of which have negative effects on roosting site suitability. In total, 13,222 small patches were considered highly suitable patches, with a mean area of 0.921 ± 0.698 (SD) ha, which accounted for 122,090 ha (2.04%) of the study area. Roosting sites predicted from the model were consistently associated with occurrences of roosting sites observed in temples; such habitats likely provide shelter from external threats for colonies roosting in a human-dominated landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The association between patch metrics and roosting site (n = 31) suitability of Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei) in 26 Central Eastern and Western provinces of Thailand was quantified. Land use classes with 90-m resolution were identified based on various vegetation and land cover types to calculate patch metrics using FRAGSTATS. Then, Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) was performed using patch metrics covariates to produce a predictive potential distribution map. The results indicated that patch contiguity (contiguity index, 63.7%), patch area (29.3%), and patch shape complexity (shape index, 5.7%) are the most influential patch metrics, all of which have negative effects on roosting site suitability. In total, 13,222 small patches were considered highly suitable patches, with a mean area of 0.921 ± 0.698 (SD) ha, which accounted for 122,090 ha (2.04%) of the study area. Roosting sites predicted from the model were consistently associated with occurrences of roosting sites observed in temples; such habitats likely provide shelter from external threats for colonies roosting in a human-dominated landscape. |
➤ Volume 45(2) 2018
Urban, P; Sabo, P; Plesník, J Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 61-71, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Urban2018, title = {Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems}, author = {P. Urban and P. Sabo and J. Plesník}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0001-10.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {61-71}, abstract = {The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important. |
Maltsev, Y; Maltseva, I The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 72-81, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Maltsev2018, title = {The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter}, author = {Y. Maltsev and I. Maltseva}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0002.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {72-81}, abstract = {The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons. |
Sytnyk, S; Lovynska, V; Lakyda, P; Maslikova, K Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 82-91, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Sytnyk2018, title = {Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine}, author = {S. Sytnyk and V. Lovynska and P. Lakyda and K. Maslikova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0003.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {82-91}, abstract = {The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m −3 , ranging from 375 kg m −3 to 612 kg m −3 ; with the average BD – 294 kg m −3 , ranging from 214 kg m −3 to 421 kg m −3 . The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m −3 , ranging from 254 to 491 kg m −3 ; with average BD – 317 kg m −3 , ranging from 178 to 433 kg m −3 . The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m −3 , ranging from 375 kg m −3 to 612 kg m −3 ; with the average BD – 294 kg m −3 , ranging from 214 kg m −3 to 421 kg m −3 . The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m −3 , ranging from 254 to 491 kg m −3 ; with average BD – 317 kg m −3 , ranging from 178 to 433 kg m −3 . The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species. |
Allahnouri, M; Aghbash, F G; Pazhouhan, I Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 92-101, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Allahnouri2018, title = {Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits}, author = {M. Allahnouri and F.G. Aghbash and I. Pazhouhan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0004.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {92-101}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress. |
Vician, V; Kočík, K; Slobodník, B; Svitok, M; Stašiov, S Carabid communities (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in differently managed forage legume stands in the Podpoľanie region (Central Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 102-110, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Vician2018, title = {Carabid communities (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in differently managed forage legume stands in the Podpoľanie region (Central Slovakia)}, author = {V. Vician and K. Kočík and B. Slobodník and M. Svitok and S. Stašiov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0005.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {102-110}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of studies on the communities of Carabids from the land registry area of the Očová village (Podpoľanie region, Central Slovakia). The research was carried out in two consecutive vegetation periods on two different agricultural plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): the first of them (locality Nadhájniková) was managed intensively, and the second one (locality Koteľnice) was characterized by a nature-friendly, low-input agro-environmental management form, without application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. On the studied sites, the observed species composition of Carabidae was similar. Nevertheless, the higher total number of individuals and the higher species richness were typical for the nature-friendly managed plot in Koteľnice. On both plots, the highest abundances were reached in Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius and Pseudoophonus rufipes. On the intensively managed plot in Nadhájniková, however, the abundances of all these species were markedly lower. Our results suggest that the studied component of epigeic fauna finds better ecological conditions on the sites with the nature-friendly management form.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the results of studies on the communities of Carabids from the land registry area of the Očová village (Podpoľanie region, Central Slovakia). The research was carried out in two consecutive vegetation periods on two different agricultural plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): the first of them (locality Nadhájniková) was managed intensively, and the second one (locality Koteľnice) was characterized by a nature-friendly, low-input agro-environmental management form, without application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. On the studied sites, the observed species composition of Carabidae was similar. Nevertheless, the higher total number of individuals and the higher species richness were typical for the nature-friendly managed plot in Koteľnice. On both plots, the highest abundances were reached in Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius and Pseudoophonus rufipes. On the intensively managed plot in Nadhájniková, however, the abundances of all these species were markedly lower. Our results suggest that the studied component of epigeic fauna finds better ecological conditions on the sites with the nature-friendly management form. |
Drahulian, M; Chaplygina, A; Savynska, N; Kostenko, S; Ostrovskyi, P; Gusar, K The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 111-119, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Drahulian2018, title = {The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca)}, author = {M. Drahulian and A. Chaplygina and N. Savynska and S. Kostenko and P. Ostrovskyi and K. Gusar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0006.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {111-119}, abstract = {The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC) 6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC) 6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation. |
Polláková, N Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 120-128, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2018, title = {Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0007.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {120-128}, abstract = {Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area. |
➤ Volume 45(1) 2018
Sedmáková, D; Kýpeťová, M; Saniga, M; Pittner, J; Vencurik, J; Kucbel, S; Jaloviar, P Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 1-7, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Sedmáková2018, title = {Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia}, author = {D. Sedmáková and M. Kýpeťová and M Saniga and J. Pittner and J. Vencurik and S. Kucbel and P. Jaloviar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0001-3.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized. |
Martynov, V O; Brygadyrenko, V V The impact of some inorganic substances on change in body mass of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae in a laboratory experiment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 24-32, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martynov2018, title = {The impact of some inorganic substances on change in body mass of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae in a laboratory experiment}, author = {V.O. Martynov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {24-32}, abstract = {Addition of low concentrations of metal ions to the diet of saprophagous insects can impact on their metabolism over a short period of time, causing an increase or decrease in their body mass. This article presents a 14-day laboratory experiment evaluating the changes in the body mass of larval stage 3 of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) induced by adding different inorganic substances (350 mg kg–1 of dry fodder) to the diet of the larvae. Following the addition of inorganic substances to the fodder, the most marked differences compared to the control were observed in the groups which consumed substrate with lead nitrate (the mass of the larvae increased on average by 102.6% compared to increase in mass in the control variant of the experiments), cobalt nitrate (by 96.9%), calcium chloride (by 89.1%) sodium triphosphate (by 86.0%), zinc chloride (by 83.5%). A nonsignificant effect (a tendency of increase in the body mass) on T. molitor larvae was caused by manganese sulfate (by 57.8%), aluminium nitrate (by 57.3%), iron oxide (by 51.5%), barium nitrate (by 47.9%), orthophosphoric acid (by 47.4%), manganese chloride (by 46.5%), calcium carbonate (by 27.7%), iron sulfate (by 24.2%) and ammonium heptamolybdate (by –7.5%). Therefore, 5 out of the 15 studied inorganic substances significantly stimulated the increase in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, and 7 manifested these capacities at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in body weight averaging 43–58% over the 14-day experiment). The obtained data indicate a necessity for further study on the impact of inorganic pollutants on different stages of insects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Addition of low concentrations of metal ions to the diet of saprophagous insects can impact on their metabolism over a short period of time, causing an increase or decrease in their body mass. This article presents a 14-day laboratory experiment evaluating the changes in the body mass of larval stage 3 of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) induced by adding different inorganic substances (350 mg kg–1 of dry fodder) to the diet of the larvae. Following the addition of inorganic substances to the fodder, the most marked differences compared to the control were observed in the groups which consumed substrate with lead nitrate (the mass of the larvae increased on average by 102.6% compared to increase in mass in the control variant of the experiments), cobalt nitrate (by 96.9%), calcium chloride (by 89.1%) sodium triphosphate (by 86.0%), zinc chloride (by 83.5%). A nonsignificant effect (a tendency of increase in the body mass) on T. molitor larvae was caused by manganese sulfate (by 57.8%), aluminium nitrate (by 57.3%), iron oxide (by 51.5%), barium nitrate (by 47.9%), orthophosphoric acid (by 47.4%), manganese chloride (by 46.5%), calcium carbonate (by 27.7%), iron sulfate (by 24.2%) and ammonium heptamolybdate (by –7.5%). Therefore, 5 out of the 15 studied inorganic substances significantly stimulated the increase in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, and 7 manifested these capacities at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in body weight averaging 43–58% over the 14-day experiment). The obtained data indicate a necessity for further study on the impact of inorganic pollutants on different stages of insects. |
Uhrin, P; Supuka, J; Billiková, M Growth adaptability of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) to urban environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 33-45, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Uhrin2018, title = {Growth adaptability of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) to urban environment}, author = {P. Uhrin and J. Supuka and M. Billiková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {33-45}, abstract = {Adaptability of Acer platanoides L. to deteriorating urban conditions was assessed through qualitative parameters describing crown destruction, assimilation organs efficiency, chlorophyll a content, and content of alochtonous elements in leaves. The adaptability assessment was based on comparison between study trees growing in an environmentally loaded town area and control trees in a historical rural park, both localities in Slovakia (Central Europe). The results of visual assessments performed in 2015 and 2016 showed higher crown and leaf quality (Qns) for the individuals growing in the rural park (Qns2015 = 0.44, Qns2016 = 0.43) compared to the individuals in urban conditions (Qns2015 = 1.44, Qns2016 = 1.56). The values of chlorophyll a content index (CCI) were higher in the trees growing in the rural park (CCI = 25.914) than in the urban environment (CCI = 16.290). The performance of assimilation organs was evaluated through the maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) at both sites. During the years 2015 and 2016, there were measured higher values in the rural park (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.828, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.820) than in the town (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.823, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.772). Higher ETR values were measured on trees in the urban area (ETR2015 = 47.345, ETR2016 = 65.284) and lower in the park area (ETR2015 = 36.832, ETR2016 = 59.495). The urban locality demonstrated higher contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na and Ca elements in tree leaves compared to the rural park. The adaptability index (Ia) values indicate an average adaptability of the Norway maple to the urban environment (Ia2015 = 1.93, Ia2016 = 2.13) in comparison with a good adaptability in the rural park (Ia = 0.8–1.6).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adaptability of Acer platanoides L. to deteriorating urban conditions was assessed through qualitative parameters describing crown destruction, assimilation organs efficiency, chlorophyll a content, and content of alochtonous elements in leaves. The adaptability assessment was based on comparison between study trees growing in an environmentally loaded town area and control trees in a historical rural park, both localities in Slovakia (Central Europe). The results of visual assessments performed in 2015 and 2016 showed higher crown and leaf quality (Qns) for the individuals growing in the rural park (Qns2015 = 0.44, Qns2016 = 0.43) compared to the individuals in urban conditions (Qns2015 = 1.44, Qns2016 = 1.56). The values of chlorophyll a content index (CCI) were higher in the trees growing in the rural park (CCI = 25.914) than in the urban environment (CCI = 16.290). The performance of assimilation organs was evaluated through the maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) at both sites. During the years 2015 and 2016, there were measured higher values in the rural park (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.828, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.820) than in the town (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.823, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.772). Higher ETR values were measured on trees in the urban area (ETR2015 = 47.345, ETR2016 = 65.284) and lower in the park area (ETR2015 = 36.832, ETR2016 = 59.495). The urban locality demonstrated higher contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na and Ca elements in tree leaves compared to the rural park. The adaptability index (Ia) values indicate an average adaptability of the Norway maple to the urban environment (Ia2015 = 1.93, Ia2016 = 2.13) in comparison with a good adaptability in the rural park (Ia = 0.8–1.6). |
Zadorozhnaya, G A; Andrusevych, K V; Zhukov, O V Soil heterogeneity after recultivation: ecological aspect Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 46-52, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zadorozhnaya2018, title = {Soil heterogeneity after recultivation: ecological aspect}, author = {G.A. Zadorozhnaya and K.V Andrusevych and O.V. Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0005}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {46-52}, abstract = {The study subject was the soil heterogeneity at a recultivation site Nikopol manganese-ore basin (Pokrov, Ukraine). The soils at the locality are sod lithogenic soils developed on gray-green clays. The study ran by applying soil penetration resistance indices. The penetration resistance was measured across a regular grid of 7 × 15 points (21 × 45 m). The distance between the measurement points was 3 m. The parameters were recorded at every 5 cm to a depth of 50 cm. The environmental parameters were determined by phytoindication. Geostatistical analysis showed the average level of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance. According to the features of the profile variation in penetration resistance with the depth, the measurement points have been divided into three clusters. The clusters formed morphologically homogeneous soil areas. These areas significantly differed in their soil acidity and in nitrogen content in soil.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study subject was the soil heterogeneity at a recultivation site Nikopol manganese-ore basin (Pokrov, Ukraine). The soils at the locality are sod lithogenic soils developed on gray-green clays. The study ran by applying soil penetration resistance indices. The penetration resistance was measured across a regular grid of 7 × 15 points (21 × 45 m). The distance between the measurement points was 3 m. The parameters were recorded at every 5 cm to a depth of 50 cm. The environmental parameters were determined by phytoindication. Geostatistical analysis showed the average level of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance. According to the features of the profile variation in penetration resistance with the depth, the measurement points have been divided into three clusters. The clusters formed morphologically homogeneous soil areas. These areas significantly differed in their soil acidity and in nitrogen content in soil. |
Ivanová, H Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 53-57, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Helena2018, title = {Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0006}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {53-57}, abstract = {Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia. |
Zhukov, O V; Kunah, O M; Dubinina, Y Y; Novikova, V O The role of edaphic, vegetational and spatial factors in structuring soil animal communities in a floodplain forest of the Dnipro river Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 8-23, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zhukov2018, title = {The role of edaphic, vegetational and spatial factors in structuring soil animal communities in a floodplain forest of the Dnipro river}, author = {O.V. Zhukov and O.M. Kunah and Y.Y. Dubinina and V.O. Novikova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {8-23}, abstract = {This paper examines the role of ecological factors, derived from principal component analysis performed on edaphic and vegetational dataset as well as spatial variables, in structuring the soil macrofauna community of the Dnipro floodplain within the ‘Dnipro-Orilsky’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The soil macrofauna was defined as invertebrates visible to the naked eye (macroscopic organisms). The test points formed a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m with 7 × 15 dimensions. Thus, the total test point number was 105. At each point, soil-zoological samples of 0.25 × 0.25 m were taken for quantifying the soil macrofauna. The spatial structure was modeled by a set of independent spatial patterns obtained by means of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices analysis (PCNM-variables). Spatial PCNM-variables explain significantly more variations of the community (19.9%) than edaphic factors (4.1%) and vegetation factors (3.2%). Spatial and combined environmental and spatial effects were divided into three components: broad-scale component was characterized by periodicity of spatial variation with a wavelength of 24.0–44.5 m, medium-scale – 11.1–20 m, fine-scale 6.6–11.0 m. For a broad-scale component, environmental factors of a vegetational nature are more important, for medium-scale, edaphic factors are more important, for fine-scale, both vegetation and edaphic are important. For litter-dwelling animals, the most characteristic spatial patterns are on the broad and medium-scale levels. For endogeic and anecic animals, the most significant variability is on the fine-scale level.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper examines the role of ecological factors, derived from principal component analysis performed on edaphic and vegetational dataset as well as spatial variables, in structuring the soil macrofauna community of the Dnipro floodplain within the ‘Dnipro-Orilsky’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The soil macrofauna was defined as invertebrates visible to the naked eye (macroscopic organisms). The test points formed a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m with 7 × 15 dimensions. Thus, the total test point number was 105. At each point, soil-zoological samples of 0.25 × 0.25 m were taken for quantifying the soil macrofauna. The spatial structure was modeled by a set of independent spatial patterns obtained by means of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices analysis (PCNM-variables). Spatial PCNM-variables explain significantly more variations of the community (19.9%) than edaphic factors (4.1%) and vegetation factors (3.2%). Spatial and combined environmental and spatial effects were divided into three components: broad-scale component was characterized by periodicity of spatial variation with a wavelength of 24.0–44.5 m, medium-scale – 11.1–20 m, fine-scale 6.6–11.0 m. For a broad-scale component, environmental factors of a vegetational nature are more important, for medium-scale, edaphic factors are more important, for fine-scale, both vegetation and edaphic are important. For litter-dwelling animals, the most characteristic spatial patterns are on the broad and medium-scale levels. For endogeic and anecic animals, the most significant variability is on the fine-scale level. |
➤ Volume 44(2) 2017
Rad, J E; Valadi, G; Zargaran, M R Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 61-68, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Rad2017, title = {Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran}, author = {J.E. Rad and G. Valadi and M.R. Zargaran}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0001-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0008}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {61-68}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically. |
Ferezliev, A Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 69-77, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferezliev2017, title = {Relationship between particular dendrobiometrical indicators of natural European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) dendrocenoses in Central Balkan Range}, author = {A. Ferezliev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0009}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {In parallel studies, different regression models were tested to identify relationships between particular dendrobiometrical indicators on two sample plots representing forests dominated by the European beech in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). The presence of incomplete multicollinearity was studied through correlation matrix for factor variables. Тo avoid multicollinear negative impact, step multiple regression was applied and adequate regression equations of the relationships under consideration were formulated. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the link between the investigated indicators is strong and that the ’cloud‘ data show some ’sphericity‘ and distribution close to normal. In one of the sample plots, one major volumeforming factor – height does not participate in the obtained regression equation, so it is not possible to estimate its influence. By testing linear and several nonlinear regression dependencies and by mediating widely used statistical criterions for model selection, the optimal linear model of the considered link was chosen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In parallel studies, different regression models were tested to identify relationships between particular dendrobiometrical indicators on two sample plots representing forests dominated by the European beech in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). The presence of incomplete multicollinearity was studied through correlation matrix for factor variables. Тo avoid multicollinear negative impact, step multiple regression was applied and adequate regression equations of the relationships under consideration were formulated. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the link between the investigated indicators is strong and that the ’cloud‘ data show some ’sphericity‘ and distribution close to normal. In one of the sample plots, one major volumeforming factor – height does not participate in the obtained regression equation, so it is not possible to estimate its influence. By testing linear and several nonlinear regression dependencies and by mediating widely used statistical criterions for model selection, the optimal linear model of the considered link was chosen. |
Polláková, N; Šimanský, V; Jonczak, J Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 78-86, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2017, title = {Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková and V. Šimanský and J. Jonczak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0003-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0010}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study. |
Ferus, P; Hoťka, P; Konôpková, J Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 87-95, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferus2017b, title = {Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate}, author = {P. Ferus and P. Hoťka and J. Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0011}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {87-95}, abstract = {Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection´s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ´Boursault´, cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ and cv. ´Purpureum Elegans´ / R. fortunei and cv. ´Tamarindos´. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ´Duke of York´ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ´Purpureum Elegans´and ´Tamarindos´ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ´Nova Zembla´ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection´s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ´Boursault´, cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ and cv. ´Purpureum Elegans´ / R. fortunei and cv. ´Tamarindos´. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ´Duke of York´ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ´Purpureum Elegans´and ´Tamarindos´ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ´Nova Zembla´ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution. |
Kukla, J; Bublinec, E; Schieber, B; Kellerová, D; Bičárová, S; Janík, R Immission-load-related dynamics of S-SO42– in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 96-106, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Kukla2017, title = {Immission-load-related dynamics of S-SO_{4}^{2–} in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems}, author = {J. Kukla and E. Bublinec and B. Schieber and D. Kellerová and S. Bičárová and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0005-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0012}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {96-106}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of a 23-year study of sulphate sulphur dynamics in beech ecosystems exposed to different immission loads. The amounts of S-SO42– in precipitation water entering the ecosystems were: the Kremnické vrchy Mts, a clear-cut area 519 kg ha–1 (24.7 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 476 kg ha–1 (22.7 kg ha–1 per year); the Štiavnické vrchy Mts an open place 401 kg ha–1 (24.6 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 324 kg ha–1 (19.1 kg ha–1 per year). The average SO42– concentrations in lysimetric solutions penetrating through surface humus to a depth of Cambisol 10 and 25 cm were increased as follows: in the Kremnické vrchy Mts from 12.71 to 16.17 mg l–1 and in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts from 18.73 to 28.80 mg l–1. The S-SO4-2 amounts penetrating the individual soil layers in the Kremnické vrchy Mts were as follows: in case of surface humus on clear-cut area 459 kg ha–1 (20.9 kg ha–1 per year), in beech forest 433 kg ha–1 (19.7 kg ha–1 per year); below 10 cm organo-mineral layer of the mentioned plots penetrated 169–171 kg ha–1 (7.7–7.8 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer 155–255 kg ha–1 (7.1–11.6 kg ha–1 per year) – a higher amount was found on clear-cut area with an episodic lateral flow of soil solutions. In beech forest of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts penetrated below surface humus 424 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (18.9 kg ha–1 per year), below 10 cm mineral layer 458 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (19.9 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer as much as 599 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (26.0 kg ha–1 per year). This fact was caused by frequent lateral flow of soil solutions. The results indicate that the assumption about lower immission load of the beech ecosystem in the Kremnické vrchy Mts is wrong, at least in the case of S-SO42–. The testing has revealed that the studied beech ecosystems differ very significantly in sulphur amounts penetrating under 0.10 m and 0.25 m. The inter-annual differences were insignificant.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the results of a 23-year study of sulphate sulphur dynamics in beech ecosystems exposed to different immission loads. The amounts of S-SO42– in precipitation water entering the ecosystems were: the Kremnické vrchy Mts, a clear-cut area 519 kg ha–1 (24.7 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 476 kg ha–1 (22.7 kg ha–1 per year); the Štiavnické vrchy Mts an open place 401 kg ha–1 (24.6 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 324 kg ha–1 (19.1 kg ha–1 per year). The average SO42– concentrations in lysimetric solutions penetrating through surface humus to a depth of Cambisol 10 and 25 cm were increased as follows: in the Kremnické vrchy Mts from 12.71 to 16.17 mg l–1 and in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts from 18.73 to 28.80 mg l–1. The S-SO4-2 amounts penetrating the individual soil layers in the Kremnické vrchy Mts were as follows: in case of surface humus on clear-cut area 459 kg ha–1 (20.9 kg ha–1 per year), in beech forest 433 kg ha–1 (19.7 kg ha–1 per year); below 10 cm organo-mineral layer of the mentioned plots penetrated 169–171 kg ha–1 (7.7–7.8 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer 155–255 kg ha–1 (7.1–11.6 kg ha–1 per year) – a higher amount was found on clear-cut area with an episodic lateral flow of soil solutions. In beech forest of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts penetrated below surface humus 424 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (18.9 kg ha–1 per year), below 10 cm mineral layer 458 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (19.9 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer as much as 599 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (26.0 kg ha–1 per year). This fact was caused by frequent lateral flow of soil solutions. The results indicate that the assumption about lower immission load of the beech ecosystem in the Kremnické vrchy Mts is wrong, at least in the case of S-SO42–. The testing has revealed that the studied beech ecosystems differ very significantly in sulphur amounts penetrating under 0.10 m and 0.25 m. The inter-annual differences were insignificant. |
Demko, J; Machava, J; Saniga, M Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 107-113, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Demko2017, title = {Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.}, author = {J. Demko and J. Machava and M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0013}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {107-113}, abstract = {Slovakia is a country with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g–1 d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha–1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg–1 of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg–1 (52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Slovakia is a country with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g–1 d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha–1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg–1 of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg–1 (52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane. |
Langraf, V; Petrovičová, K; David, S; Ábelová, M; Schlarmannová, J Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 114-120, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Langraf2017, title = {Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance}, author = {V. Langraf and K. Petrovičová and S. David and M. Ábelová and J. Schlarmannová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0014}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {114-120}, abstract = {Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated. |
➤ Volume 44(1) 2017
Bartha, D; Tiborcz, V Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 1-10, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bartha2017, title = {Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories}, author = {D. Bartha and V. Tiborcz}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity. |
Gašová, K; Kuklová, M; Kukla, J Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 11-19, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gašová2017, title = {Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads}, author = {K. Gašová and M. Kuklová and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, abstract = {The aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg–1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg–1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities. |
Yousefi, S; Kartoolinejad, D; Bahmani, M; Naghdi, R Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 20-27, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Yousefi2017, title = {Salinity tolerance of Dodonaea viscosa L. inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: assessed based on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics}, author = {S. Yousefi and D. Kartoolinejad and M. Bahmani and R. Naghdi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {20-27}, abstract = {The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of different strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce the effects of salinity stress on the medicinal hopbush plant. The bacterium factor was applied at five levels (non-inoculated, inoculated by Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida, and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida), and the salinity stress at six levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 dS m–1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida showed maximal germination percentage and rate at 20 dS m–1 (18.33% and 0.35 seed per day, respectively). The strongest effect among the treatments was obtained with the treatment combining the given 3 bacteria at 15 dS m–1 salinity stress. This treatment increased the root fresh and dry weights by 31% and 87.5%, respectively (compared to the control). Our results indicate that these bacteria applied on hopbush affected positively both its germination and root growth. The plant compatibility with the three bacteria was found good, and the treatments combining Pseudomonas putida with the other one or two bacteria discussed in this study can be applied in nurseries in order to restore and extend the area of hopbush forests and akin dry stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of different strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce the effects of salinity stress on the medicinal hopbush plant. The bacterium factor was applied at five levels (non-inoculated, inoculated by Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida, and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida), and the salinity stress at six levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 dS m–1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida showed maximal germination percentage and rate at 20 dS m–1 (18.33% and 0.35 seed per day, respectively). The strongest effect among the treatments was obtained with the treatment combining the given 3 bacteria at 15 dS m–1 salinity stress. This treatment increased the root fresh and dry weights by 31% and 87.5%, respectively (compared to the control). Our results indicate that these bacteria applied on hopbush affected positively both its germination and root growth. The plant compatibility with the three bacteria was found good, and the treatments combining Pseudomonas putida with the other one or two bacteria discussed in this study can be applied in nurseries in order to restore and extend the area of hopbush forests and akin dry stands. |
Shulman, M V; Pakhomov, O Y; Brygadyrenko, V V Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 28-37, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Shulman2017, title = {Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae)}, author = {M.V. Shulman and O.Y. Pakhomov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {28-37}, abstract = {Modelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10–2–10–9 М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10–2–10–9 М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group. |
Sytnyk, S; Lovynska, V; Lakyda, I Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 38-45, 2017, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Sytnyk2017, title = {Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe}, author = {S. Sytnyk and V. Lovynska and I. Lakyda}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0005}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {38-45}, abstract = {Our study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone – Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014–2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone – Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014–2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage. |
Tužinský, L; Bublinec, E; Tužinský, M Development of soil water regime under spruce stands Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 46-53, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tužinský2017, title = {Development of soil water regime under spruce stands}, author = {L. Tužinský and E. Bublinec and M. Tužinský}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0006}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991–2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0–100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC–PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60–90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991–2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0–100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC–PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60–90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce. |
Ivanová, H Morphological features of Camarosporium pini – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 54-57, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2017b, title = {Morphological features of \textit{Camarosporium pini} – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0007}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {54-57}, abstract = {The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia. |
➤ Volume 43(2) 2016
Jančovičová, S; Blanár, D; Glejdura, S; Kunca, V Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus (Agaricales, Mycenaceae) from Slovakia: morphological and ecological aspects Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 164-175, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Jančovičová2016, title = {\textit{Panellus ringens} and \textit{P. violaceofulvus} (Agaricales, Mycenaceae) from Slovakia: morphological and ecological aspects}, author = {S. Jančovičová and D. Blanár and S. Glejdura and V. Kunca}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_164_175-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {164-175}, abstract = {Species Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus are similar in some respects and different in others. They look alike macroscopically, especially in having pleurotoid habit and violet-brown and/or red-brown colours of basidiomata, but differ microscopically, distinctly in size of spores. For each species, description and illustration of macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided based on the Slovak collections. Some misidentifications are mentioned and crucial morphological characters stressed. Compared and commented are also the characters used for differentiation of both species in the selected literature. The added distributional and ecological data concern the area of Slovakia and Europe. Panellus ringens is proposed to be included in a new version of the Red list of fungi of Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus are similar in some respects and different in others. They look alike macroscopically, especially in having pleurotoid habit and violet-brown and/or red-brown colours of basidiomata, but differ microscopically, distinctly in size of spores. For each species, description and illustration of macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided based on the Slovak collections. Some misidentifications are mentioned and crucial morphological characters stressed. Compared and commented are also the characters used for differentiation of both species in the selected literature. The added distributional and ecological data concern the area of Slovakia and Europe. Panellus ringens is proposed to be included in a new version of the Red list of fungi of Slovakia. |
Gajdoš, P; Majzlan, O; Igondová, E Assemblages of ground living spiders (Araneae) in peatland habitats, surrounding dry pine forest and meadows Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 147-155, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gajdoš2016, title = {Assemblages of ground living spiders (Araneae) in peatland habitats, surrounding dry pine forest and meadows}, author = {P. Gajdoš and O. Majzlan and E. Igondová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_147to155-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {147-155}, abstract = {This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground living spider of a peatland and their surrounding habitats (margin of dry pine forest and meadows) in the Šuja peat bog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The aim of study was to classify assemblages of ground living spider into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Spiders were sampled between April and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps. 1,974 individuals belonging to 100 species and to 21 families were captured in total. Diversity, equitability, species composition, preference for humidity, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association were used to characterize ground living spider communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the spiders at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. Based on their ecological characteristics, spiders formed five groups of species associated with semi dry to mesophilous open meadow habitats, semi dry woodland habitats, mesophilous unshaded habitats, mesophilous partly shaded habitats without herbal vegetation cover and hygrophilous habitats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground living spider of a peatland and their surrounding habitats (margin of dry pine forest and meadows) in the Šuja peat bog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The aim of study was to classify assemblages of ground living spider into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Spiders were sampled between April and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps. 1,974 individuals belonging to 100 species and to 21 families were captured in total. Diversity, equitability, species composition, preference for humidity, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association were used to characterize ground living spider communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the spiders at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. Based on their ecological characteristics, spiders formed five groups of species associated with semi dry to mesophilous open meadow habitats, semi dry woodland habitats, mesophilous unshaded habitats, mesophilous partly shaded habitats without herbal vegetation cover and hygrophilous habitats. |
Náplavová, K; Gáper, J Bioindication value of tar spot on maple trees in industrial areas: the case of Ostrava region, the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 183-192, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Náplavová2016, title = {Bioindication value of tar spot on maple trees in industrial areas: the case of Ostrava region, the Czech Republic}, author = {K. Náplavová and J. Gáper}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_183to192.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {183-192}, abstract = {Rhytisma acerinum is considered to be a bioindicator of air quality and therefore the occurrence of tar spot corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for estimation of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the bioindication value of individual maple taxa. The research was established on fieldwork in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and on the investigation of 1,247 trees. Four main habitat types were selected according to assumed (high or low) levels of air pollution and type of vegetation and land use. Different occurrence of symptoms of fungal pathogen in different categories of vegetation was found. Our analysis provides evidence that trees with lower diameter at breast height (DBH) suffered from higher infestation of tar spot. Airborne dust (PM10) was identified as the air pollutant with the significant negative effect on stroma occurrence. Our results also reveal that infestation of maple leaves was significantly affected by cultivar. Therefore the most susceptible taxa to tar spot (Acer pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Atropurpureum’, A. platanoides ‘Cleveland’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’) can be the best candidates for monitoring air pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rhytisma acerinum is considered to be a bioindicator of air quality and therefore the occurrence of tar spot corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for estimation of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the bioindication value of individual maple taxa. The research was established on fieldwork in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and on the investigation of 1,247 trees. Four main habitat types were selected according to assumed (high or low) levels of air pollution and type of vegetation and land use. Different occurrence of symptoms of fungal pathogen in different categories of vegetation was found. Our analysis provides evidence that trees with lower diameter at breast height (DBH) suffered from higher infestation of tar spot. Airborne dust (PM10) was identified as the air pollutant with the significant negative effect on stroma occurrence. Our results also reveal that infestation of maple leaves was significantly affected by cultivar. Therefore the most susceptible taxa to tar spot (Acer pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Atropurpureum’, A. platanoides ‘Cleveland’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’) can be the best candidates for monitoring air pollution. |
Boyko, O O; Duda, Y V; Pakhomov, O Y; Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 129-137, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Boyko2016, title = {Comparative analysis of different methods of staining the larvae \textit{Haemonchus contortus}, \textit{Mullerius} sp. (Nematoda, Strongylida) and \textit{Strongyloides papillosus} (Nematoda, Rhabditida)}, author = {O.O. Boyko and Y.V. Duda and O.Y. Pakhomov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_129to137.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {129-137}, abstract = {We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification. |
Falťan, V; Pírová, L; Petrovič, F Detailed mapping of geocomplexes in the vineyard landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 138-146, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Falťan2016, title = {Detailed mapping of geocomplexes in the vineyard landscape}, author = {V. Falťan and L. Pírová and F. Petrovič}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_138to146.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {138-146}, abstract = {Viticultural landscape is a valuable part of the cultural landscape – it was created by the long-term impact of human activities on the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the development of vineyards. A geoecological research within an example study of vineyard landscape was realised in choric and topical geographical dimension in the Doľany vicinity. Georelief was selected as a leading factor of regionalisation at the level of geochores. Information about soil-forming substrates and land cover on a topical dimension was specified within a detailed research of the terrain. Overall, five basic types of geochores and 58 types of geoecological complexes were earmarked. The most frequent occurrence of vineyards was on the alluvial cones and slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. As a part of the detailed research of the soil, we further characterized location conditions of different grape varieties in the Fosandle and Grefty localities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Viticultural landscape is a valuable part of the cultural landscape – it was created by the long-term impact of human activities on the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the development of vineyards. A geoecological research within an example study of vineyard landscape was realised in choric and topical geographical dimension in the Doľany vicinity. Georelief was selected as a leading factor of regionalisation at the level of geochores. Information about soil-forming substrates and land cover on a topical dimension was specified within a detailed research of the terrain. Overall, five basic types of geochores and 58 types of geoecological complexes were earmarked. The most frequent occurrence of vineyards was on the alluvial cones and slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. As a part of the detailed research of the soil, we further characterized location conditions of different grape varieties in the Fosandle and Grefty localities. |
Supuka, J; Uhrin, P Share of scattered woody vegetation in landscape ecological stability and agriculture sustainability Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 193-203, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Supuka2016, title = {Share of scattered woody vegetation in landscape ecological stability and agriculture sustainability}, author = {J. Supuka and P. Uhrin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_193to203.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {193-203}, abstract = {Scattered woody vegetation in the agricultural landscape includes more or less fragments of original biotopes and cultivated cultural vegetation as are groves, windbreaks, and infiltration forest belts on slopes, tree alleys, as well as orchards and vineyards. The contribution describes their effectiveness in agriculture sustainability through defined categories of functions and services. At the studied territory, the development of landscape structure was assessed in three time periods of 1869, 1949 and 2010s with regard to the share of scattered vegetation and woody species composition. In 2010, 23 vegetation formations were surveyed, from these 20 are in linear formations and the others in areal formations. Regarding species composition, 47 woody plant species were identified, from these 28 native, 12 alien and 7 fruit trees. The share of scattered vegetation has been proposed to be increased from 5% to 6%. The studied scattered vegetation should be considered as an important contribution to biodiversity conservation, climate, water and soil quality amelioration, pest and disease control and finally crop yield increasing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Scattered woody vegetation in the agricultural landscape includes more or less fragments of original biotopes and cultivated cultural vegetation as are groves, windbreaks, and infiltration forest belts on slopes, tree alleys, as well as orchards and vineyards. The contribution describes their effectiveness in agriculture sustainability through defined categories of functions and services. At the studied territory, the development of landscape structure was assessed in three time periods of 1869, 1949 and 2010s with regard to the share of scattered vegetation and woody species composition. In 2010, 23 vegetation formations were surveyed, from these 20 are in linear formations and the others in areal formations. Regarding species composition, 47 woody plant species were identified, from these 28 native, 12 alien and 7 fruit trees. The share of scattered vegetation has been proposed to be increased from 5% to 6%. The studied scattered vegetation should be considered as an important contribution to biodiversity conservation, climate, water and soil quality amelioration, pest and disease control and finally crop yield increasing. |
Baláž, I; Jakab, I; Tulis, F; Ambros, M Spatial density of two sympatric species Yellow-necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis and Bank Vole Clethrionomys glareolus in different environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 121-128, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Baláž2016, title = {Spatial density of two sympatric species Yellow-necked \textit{Mouse Apodemus} flavicollis and Bank Vole \textit{Clethrionomys glareolus} in different environment}, author = {I. Baláž and I. Jakab and F. Tulis and M. Ambros}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_121to128.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, abstract = {The impact of two different environments (climax forest and glade) on spatial density of Yellow-Necked Mouse and Bank Vole was studied during the years 2011–2013. Species range (95% Kernel) of both species was calculated based on data obtained from live traps placed in trap grids. Eight levels of density probability that surround regions of constant probability density were used to define (i) activity centres of observed species and (ii) areas that tended to be of rather peripheral interest. Results suggest that glade with rich herbal-ground cover represented significantly more suitable habitat, as well as habitat richer in resources for Bank Vole in comparison to climax forest. In contrary, Yellow-necked Mouse had provably the highest spatial density in climax forest habitat where was lack of herbal-grounded cover typical for the glade. In particular, we suggest that different diet specialization may be one of elements in explaining the different spatial density.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The impact of two different environments (climax forest and glade) on spatial density of Yellow-Necked Mouse and Bank Vole was studied during the years 2011–2013. Species range (95% Kernel) of both species was calculated based on data obtained from live traps placed in trap grids. Eight levels of density probability that surround regions of constant probability density were used to define (i) activity centres of observed species and (ii) areas that tended to be of rather peripheral interest. Results suggest that glade with rich herbal-ground cover represented significantly more suitable habitat, as well as habitat richer in resources for Bank Vole in comparison to climax forest. In contrary, Yellow-necked Mouse had provably the highest spatial density in climax forest habitat where was lack of herbal-grounded cover typical for the glade. In particular, we suggest that different diet specialization may be one of elements in explaining the different spatial density. |
Macko, J; Machava, J; Bublinec, E; Hrkľová, G Soil reaction and tick abundance Ixodes ricinus Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 176-182, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Macko2016, title = {Soil reaction and tick abundance \textit{Ixodes ricinus}}, author = {J. Macko and J. Machava and E. Bublinec and G. Hrkľová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_176to182.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {176-182}, abstract = {Tick Ixodes ricinus is a carrier of several diseases. At present, its activity in Slovakia was discovered in the winter months. It also extends to higher altitudes. Therefore it is necessary to know the ecology and optimal conditions suitable for its existence. Although considerable attention is devoted to the health research of tick, little is known about its claim on the soil environment, because as a representative of a temporary edaphone initial ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) survives in the soil. For this reason, the research focused on the soil pH as an important environmental factor that can influence the development and abundance of tick. The research was carried out on the plots with tick high abundance in the Veľká Fatra Mts at an altitude of - 760 meters asl. We found that mull humus form with a thin film of last year’s litter fall (the Oon necrotic subhorizon) with a pH narrow range of 5.9–6.0 (rounded) was convenient for developmental stages of this tick. Below this horizon the soil type of cambisol with pH values in the upper range of 5.45–5.79 was produced. The soil reaction was therefore a slight acid. In this environment, a relatively high density of tick was in May, with the secondary mild autumn peak.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tick Ixodes ricinus is a carrier of several diseases. At present, its activity in Slovakia was discovered in the winter months. It also extends to higher altitudes. Therefore it is necessary to know the ecology and optimal conditions suitable for its existence. Although considerable attention is devoted to the health research of tick, little is known about its claim on the soil environment, because as a representative of a temporary edaphone initial ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) survives in the soil. For this reason, the research focused on the soil pH as an important environmental factor that can influence the development and abundance of tick. The research was carried out on the plots with tick high abundance in the Veľká Fatra Mts at an altitude of - 760 meters asl. We found that mull humus form with a thin film of last year’s litter fall (the Oon necrotic subhorizon) with a pH narrow range of 5.9–6.0 (rounded) was convenient for developmental stages of this tick. Below this horizon the soil type of cambisol with pH values in the upper range of 5.45–5.79 was produced. The soil reaction was therefore a slight acid. In this environment, a relatively high density of tick was in May, with the secondary mild autumn peak. |
Kinga-Buza, A; Divos, F Spruce tree fighting back – study of honey fungus infection Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 204-207, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kinga-Buza2016, title = {Spruce tree fighting back – study of honey fungus infection}, author = {A. Kinga-Buza and F. Divos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_204to207.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {204-207}, abstract = {Fungi infection is a common disease, problem for trees. Becoming fearful of the presence of fungi is obvious, although the effects of the infection are variable widely. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is considered to be dangerous species weakening the trees. A honey fungus attacked spruce could be measured repeatedly for three years with acoustic tomography while pulling tests were performed as well. The research goes on, although the results interestingly show us the tree “fighting back”. The safety and stability of the examined spruce is very good, the conditions of the root system are – surprisingly – getting better.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fungi infection is a common disease, problem for trees. Becoming fearful of the presence of fungi is obvious, although the effects of the infection are variable widely. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is considered to be dangerous species weakening the trees. A honey fungus attacked spruce could be measured repeatedly for three years with acoustic tomography while pulling tests were performed as well. The research goes on, although the results interestingly show us the tree “fighting back”. The safety and stability of the examined spruce is very good, the conditions of the root system are – surprisingly – getting better. |
Machava, J; Timko, Ľ; Šustek, Z; Bublinec, E State of Carabid assemblages in forest ecosystem previously affected by high levels of heavy metals Cu and Pb Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 208-212, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Machava2016, title = {State of Carabid assemblages in forest ecosystem previously affected by high levels of heavy metals Cu and Pb}, author = {J. Machava and Ľ. Timko and Z. Šustek and E. Bublinec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_208to212.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {208-212}, abstract = {Human activities in industrial areas have released into the atmosphere solids of different nature, including heavy metals. The center of the Spiš region belongs to the foremost polluted areas in Slovakia. The Copper Smelting Plant Krompachy contaminated surrounding areas around this town by metals mainly by copper and lead. Despite significant improvement of environmental situation in the 1990s, resistant pollutant load from the mentioned pollution source continues to negatively impact on the surrounding countryside. The residual pollutant load has persisted for more than 20 years. Species diversity and cumulative abundance of Carabids in all stands in the contaminated environment was extremely low due to synergic effect of three factors, acidity of substrate, southern exposition and discontinuity of the vegetation coverage that resulted in forming of two assemblages. The open stands were inhabited by heliophilous species of genera Cicindela, Harpalus and Microlestes. The characteristic forest species did not occur there or penetrated here only rarely. In the closed stand, only three mesohygrohilous forest species Carabus violaceus, Carabus hortensis and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Human activities in industrial areas have released into the atmosphere solids of different nature, including heavy metals. The center of the Spiš region belongs to the foremost polluted areas in Slovakia. The Copper Smelting Plant Krompachy contaminated surrounding areas around this town by metals mainly by copper and lead. Despite significant improvement of environmental situation in the 1990s, resistant pollutant load from the mentioned pollution source continues to negatively impact on the surrounding countryside. The residual pollutant load has persisted for more than 20 years. Species diversity and cumulative abundance of Carabids in all stands in the contaminated environment was extremely low due to synergic effect of three factors, acidity of substrate, southern exposition and discontinuity of the vegetation coverage that resulted in forming of two assemblages. The open stands were inhabited by heliophilous species of genera Cicindela, Harpalus and Microlestes. The characteristic forest species did not occur there or penetrated here only rarely. In the closed stand, only three mesohygrohilous forest species Carabus violaceus, Carabus hortensis and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were recorded. |
Gömöryová, E; Tóthová, S; Pichler, V; Homolák, M; Kriššák, V; Gömöry, D Wood ash effect on chemical and microbiological properties of topsoil in a Norway spruce stand one year after the treatment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 156-163, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gömöryová2016, title = {Wood ash effect on chemical and microbiological properties of topsoil in a Norway spruce stand one year after the treatment}, author = {E. Gömöryová and S. Tóthová and V. Pichler and M. Homolák and V. Kriššák and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_156to163.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {156-163}, abstract = {Changes of soil chemical and microbial characteristics in the forest floor and in the A-horizon caused by the application of wood ash (WA) on the soil surface were studied one year after the WA application. Soil sampling was performed at three plots in a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand in Central Slovakia – at the control plot (CP) and at the plots with WA application in the spring (P1) and the autumn (P2) 2010. Soil samples were taken from the litter (L), fermentation (F), humic (H) forest floor horizons and from the A-horizon (the depth of 0−10 cm). In soil samples chemical attributes (pH, C and N concentration, extractable C and base cations concentration) as well as microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, basal respiration, catalase activity, richness and diversity of soil microbial functional groups) were analysed. WA application was reflected in the changes of chemical properties (soil reaction, C, N and Ca2+ concentration) only in the forest floor horizons but not in the A-horizon one year after the treatment. No significant differences between plots were found in microbial characteristics throughout the topsoil horizons. The most distinct differences in decreased C and N content compared to control plot were observed in the H-horizon. Soil acidity differed especially in the F-horizon, where the increase of pH-H2O from 4.76 to 6.85 at P1 was recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes of soil chemical and microbial characteristics in the forest floor and in the A-horizon caused by the application of wood ash (WA) on the soil surface were studied one year after the WA application. Soil sampling was performed at three plots in a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand in Central Slovakia – at the control plot (CP) and at the plots with WA application in the spring (P1) and the autumn (P2) 2010. Soil samples were taken from the litter (L), fermentation (F), humic (H) forest floor horizons and from the A-horizon (the depth of 0−10 cm). In soil samples chemical attributes (pH, C and N concentration, extractable C and base cations concentration) as well as microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, basal respiration, catalase activity, richness and diversity of soil microbial functional groups) were analysed. WA application was reflected in the changes of chemical properties (soil reaction, C, N and Ca2+ concentration) only in the forest floor horizons but not in the A-horizon one year after the treatment. No significant differences between plots were found in microbial characteristics throughout the topsoil horizons. The most distinct differences in decreased C and N content compared to control plot were observed in the H-horizon. Soil acidity differed especially in the F-horizon, where the increase of pH-H2O from 4.76 to 6.85 at P1 was recorded. |
➤ Volume 43(1) 2016 - Special Issue: A Tribute to FJT
Dorková, M; Kocianová-Adamcová, M; Pristaš, P; Klinga, P Phylogenetic status of endemic Chionomys nivalis mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 3-11, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Dorková2016b, title = {Phylogenetic status of endemic \textit{Chionomys nivalis mirhanreini} in the Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Dorková and M. Kocianová-Adamcová and P. Pristaš and P. Klinga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iis1_3to11.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {3-11}, abstract = {The Snow vole has a fragmented distribution restricted to the mountain and rocky regions from the southwestern Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East. Several subspecies have been described on the basis of dental characters. In this study we provide more detail insight into phylogenetic status of the Snow vole Chionomys nivalis occurring in the Western Carpathians compared to its populations within Eurasia. We analysed 588 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in samples collected in the two isolated populations within the High Tatras and Low Tatras Mountains. Our results indicate Western Carpathians as the long term isolated refugia for C. nivalis and support the subspecies status of C. n. mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians. The European populations are formed by two southern phylogenetic lineages – the first originates in Iberian Peninsula and the other expanding from Balkans to the Eastern Carpathians is also visible.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Snow vole has a fragmented distribution restricted to the mountain and rocky regions from the southwestern Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East. Several subspecies have been described on the basis of dental characters. In this study we provide more detail insight into phylogenetic status of the Snow vole Chionomys nivalis occurring in the Western Carpathians compared to its populations within Eurasia. We analysed 588 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in samples collected in the two isolated populations within the High Tatras and Low Tatras Mountains. Our results indicate Western Carpathians as the long term isolated refugia for C. nivalis and support the subspecies status of C. n. mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians. The European populations are formed by two southern phylogenetic lineages – the first originates in Iberian Peninsula and the other expanding from Balkans to the Eastern Carpathians is also visible. |
Hlôška, L; Chovancová, B; Chovancová, G; Fleischer, P Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 12-20, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hlôška2016, title = {Influence of climatic factors on the population dynamics of small mammals (Rodentia, Soricomorpha) on the sites affected by windthrow in the High Tatra Mts}, author = {L. Hlôška and B. Chovancová and G. Chovancová and P. Fleischer}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_12to20.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {12-20}, abstract = {Climatic factors and related changes of the temperature, humidity and sunshine demonstrably affect the population dynamics of small mammals. This complex influence gets more intense in the case of natural and anthropic disturbances which occurred in the forest ecosystems of the High Tatra Mts in 2014 (wind calamity) and in 2015 (forest fire). During the period of research in 2005–2015, we were observing successive changes in the species composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of small mammals on the seven permanent research areas by using the CMR method. Besides the changes of selected habitat variables, we were also continually measuring values of meteorological elements (such as air and soil temperature, relative air and soil humidity, thickness and duration of snow cover). Statistical testing of the thickness and duration of snow cover proved significant influence of these factors on the population dynamics of small rodents (Rodentia) and shrews (Soricomorpha). Winters with a thicker snow cover and longer snow periods had a positive effect on the reproduction and surviving of both taxonomic groups in the subsequent vegetation season. We have discovered the positive correlation between the temperature and the quantity dynamics of dominant small rodents while shrews responded to higher temperatures with less spatio-temporal activity. Gradient analysis of the complex influence of measured meteorological elements proved species-specific differences in the responses of small mammals to the current and conditions of weather indicated by ecological requirements of plant species within a specific habitat.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Climatic factors and related changes of the temperature, humidity and sunshine demonstrably affect the population dynamics of small mammals. This complex influence gets more intense in the case of natural and anthropic disturbances which occurred in the forest ecosystems of the High Tatra Mts in 2014 (wind calamity) and in 2015 (forest fire). During the period of research in 2005–2015, we were observing successive changes in the species composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of small mammals on the seven permanent research areas by using the CMR method. Besides the changes of selected habitat variables, we were also continually measuring values of meteorological elements (such as air and soil temperature, relative air and soil humidity, thickness and duration of snow cover). Statistical testing of the thickness and duration of snow cover proved significant influence of these factors on the population dynamics of small rodents (Rodentia) and shrews (Soricomorpha). Winters with a thicker snow cover and longer snow periods had a positive effect on the reproduction and surviving of both taxonomic groups in the subsequent vegetation season. We have discovered the positive correlation between the temperature and the quantity dynamics of dominant small rodents while shrews responded to higher temperatures with less spatio-temporal activity. Gradient analysis of the complex influence of measured meteorological elements proved species-specific differences in the responses of small mammals to the current and conditions of weather indicated by ecological requirements of plant species within a specific habitat. |
Korňan, M; Korňan, J Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 21-32, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Korňan2016, title = {Null model analysis of spatial species associations in spruce, tree line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages in the High Tatras, the Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Korňan and J. Korňan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_21to32.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {21-32}, abstract = {Jared Diamond proposed several assembly rules based on the assumption of competitive interactions among species. The first Diamond’s rule proposes that communities are formed of certain permissible combinations of species that can co-exist. The fifth assembly rule states that some pairs of species never co-occur, forming so called “checkerboard” or complementary distributions. The objective of this study was to test these propositions on spruce, tree-line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages censused by the fixed radius point count method in the High Tatras, Slovakia. The null model simulations yielded no clear assembly patterns. The binary null models had tendency toward random associations, while quantitative null models suggested segregations. Presence/ absence null models showed tendency toward random associations in post-breeding and breeding spruce bird assemblages, while quantitative null models yielded half random and half segregations in post-breeding season and all types of associations were detected during the breeding with slight prevalence of segregation. All binary tests indicated random associations in the post-breeding bird assemblages in the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities, whereas quantitative models showed prevalence of segregation. Binary models indicated slight prevalence of random associations in the breeding bird assemblages of the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities from territorial records and prevalence of segregation from all records. Quantitative models did not show consistent results in these habitat types detecting prevalence of segregations. In summary, the first Diamond’s rule was not supported due to random patterns of unique species combinations and the fifth rule was supported partly by quantitative null model analyses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Jared Diamond proposed several assembly rules based on the assumption of competitive interactions among species. The first Diamond’s rule proposes that communities are formed of certain permissible combinations of species that can co-exist. The fifth assembly rule states that some pairs of species never co-occur, forming so called “checkerboard” or complementary distributions. The objective of this study was to test these propositions on spruce, tree-line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages censused by the fixed radius point count method in the High Tatras, Slovakia. The null model simulations yielded no clear assembly patterns. The binary null models had tendency toward random associations, while quantitative null models suggested segregations. Presence/ absence null models showed tendency toward random associations in post-breeding and breeding spruce bird assemblages, while quantitative null models yielded half random and half segregations in post-breeding season and all types of associations were detected during the breeding with slight prevalence of segregation. All binary tests indicated random associations in the post-breeding bird assemblages in the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities, whereas quantitative models showed prevalence of segregation. Binary models indicated slight prevalence of random associations in the breeding bird assemblages of the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities from territorial records and prevalence of segregation from all records. Quantitative models did not show consistent results in these habitat types detecting prevalence of segregations. In summary, the first Diamond’s rule was not supported due to random patterns of unique species combinations and the fifth rule was supported partly by quantitative null model analyses. |
Lešo, P Breeding bird assemblage of a fir-oak natural forest in Ponická dúbrava – the oldest Slovak nature reserve Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 33-41, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Lešo2016b, title = {Breeding bird assemblage of a fir-oak natural forest in Ponická dúbrava – the oldest Slovak nature reserve}, author = {P. Lešo}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_33to41.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {33-41}, abstract = {The bird assemblage of the Ponická dúbrava National Nature Reserve (13.3 ha), preserving a mixed nature forest composed mainly of fir, oak, spruce and beech was studied using a modified mapping method during the breeding period in 2015. The site is rather unique, containing elements of both lowland and mountain forests. The aims of the study were to determine the structure of the bird assemblage, compare it with other bird assemblages from oak-beech and mixed natural forests, and define the most important habitat indicator species. Altogether, 37 breeding bird species were recorded and the estimated rarefaction species number per 10 ha was 30.9. Total bird density reached 63.0 pairs/10 ha. Five species were found to be dominant (>5% of the total density): Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Periparus ater, Regulus regulus and Ficedula albicollis, representing 42.6% of the total density. Comparing with other eight bird assemblages from natural forests using a cluster analysis, the assemblage from the Ponická dúbrava clearly fits into those from mixed beech-fir-spruce forests. Factor analysis revealed six species separating the assemblage from oak-beech stands: Regulus regulus, Poecile montanus, Periparus ater, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Prunella modularis and Turdus viscivorus. Based on our data, the reserve represents a valuable rare natural habitat of very high bird species diversity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The bird assemblage of the Ponická dúbrava National Nature Reserve (13.3 ha), preserving a mixed nature forest composed mainly of fir, oak, spruce and beech was studied using a modified mapping method during the breeding period in 2015. The site is rather unique, containing elements of both lowland and mountain forests. The aims of the study were to determine the structure of the bird assemblage, compare it with other bird assemblages from oak-beech and mixed natural forests, and define the most important habitat indicator species. Altogether, 37 breeding bird species were recorded and the estimated rarefaction species number per 10 ha was 30.9. Total bird density reached 63.0 pairs/10 ha. Five species were found to be dominant (>5% of the total density): Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Periparus ater, Regulus regulus and Ficedula albicollis, representing 42.6% of the total density. Comparing with other eight bird assemblages from natural forests using a cluster analysis, the assemblage from the Ponická dúbrava clearly fits into those from mixed beech-fir-spruce forests. Factor analysis revealed six species separating the assemblage from oak-beech stands: Regulus regulus, Poecile montanus, Periparus ater, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Prunella modularis and Turdus viscivorus. Based on our data, the reserve represents a valuable rare natural habitat of very high bird species diversity. |
Puchala, P Bird community structure and population trends in the Little Carpathians Mts vineyard area Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 42-49, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Puchala2016, title = {Bird community structure and population trends in the Little Carpathians Mts vineyard area}, author = {P. Puchala}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_42to49.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {42-49}, abstract = {The birds of the vineyards on the eastern slopes of the Little Carpathians Mountains (south-western Slovakia) were studied during breeding seasons between the years 2010 and 2015. A point census method was used to count birds once or twice in May on two study sites (a transect in the vicinity of Modra town and a transect between Bratislava-Rača and Svätý Jur). The whole study area was designated as an Important Bird Area and established as a Special Protected Area according to the Bird Directive. Individual counting points were situated in different habitats including suburban areas, green lines with scrubs, the edges of small forest patches, forest edges, small gardens, cultivated vineyards, etc. 62 and 53 bird species were found in the first and the second transect, respectively (64 birds in total). The total number of all individuals was 2,383 at the Modra site and 972 at the Rača-Svätý Jur site. The most abundant species on both transects was Sturnus vulgaris (21 and 36%, respectively). Another abundant species at the Modra site (dominance between 5 and 7%) were Turdus merula, Passer montanus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum, while at the Rača-Svätý Jur site Fringilla coelebs and Apus apus were abundant. Several species with higher conservation importance were found: Upupa epops, Lullula arborea, Pernis apivorus, Jynx torquila, Lanius collurio and Sylvia nisoria. A decline of some species like Chloris chloris, Delichon urbicum, Emberiza citrinella, Fringilla coelebs, Saxicola torquata, Sylvia atricapilla and Upupa epops was recorded since the beginning of the study. Continuous and long-term monitoring may bring important data about the population status of birds in human-affected landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The birds of the vineyards on the eastern slopes of the Little Carpathians Mountains (south-western Slovakia) were studied during breeding seasons between the years 2010 and 2015. A point census method was used to count birds once or twice in May on two study sites (a transect in the vicinity of Modra town and a transect between Bratislava-Rača and Svätý Jur). The whole study area was designated as an Important Bird Area and established as a Special Protected Area according to the Bird Directive. Individual counting points were situated in different habitats including suburban areas, green lines with scrubs, the edges of small forest patches, forest edges, small gardens, cultivated vineyards, etc. 62 and 53 bird species were found in the first and the second transect, respectively (64 birds in total). The total number of all individuals was 2,383 at the Modra site and 972 at the Rača-Svätý Jur site. The most abundant species on both transects was Sturnus vulgaris (21 and 36%, respectively). Another abundant species at the Modra site (dominance between 5 and 7%) were Turdus merula, Passer montanus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum, while at the Rača-Svätý Jur site Fringilla coelebs and Apus apus were abundant. Several species with higher conservation importance were found: Upupa epops, Lullula arborea, Pernis apivorus, Jynx torquila, Lanius collurio and Sylvia nisoria. A decline of some species like Chloris chloris, Delichon urbicum, Emberiza citrinella, Fringilla coelebs, Saxicola torquata, Sylvia atricapilla and Upupa epops was recorded since the beginning of the study. Continuous and long-term monitoring may bring important data about the population status of birds in human-affected landscape. |
Ružičková, J; Lehotská, B; Kalivodová, E Assessment of ornithochory in the north-western part of the Podunajská nížina Lowland (SW Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 50-63, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ružičková2016, title = {Assessment of ornithochory in the north-western part of the Podunajská nížina Lowland (SW Slovakia)}, author = {J. Ružičková and B. Lehotská and E. Kalivodová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_50to63.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {50-63}, abstract = {Plant seeds and fruits can be dispersed in several ways; diaspore dispersal by ornithochory is common to many plant species. The aim of the study was to assess the birds’ potential in dispersal of woody species which are present in the riparian vegetation of two streams with tributaries in the lowland of SW Slovakia. We examined three hypotheses related to riparian woody vegetation: (1) ornithochory plays an important role in the formation of riparian vegetation, (2) riparian vegetation serves as a food source for bird species in highly deforested lowland landscape, (3) there are differences among selected indication groups of woody plant species by types of diaspore dispersal. Four indication groups represent natural alluvial woody vegetation, adjacent forests, other autochtonous woody species and non-native species. Characteristics, such as diaspore type, weight, maturity, and dispersal patterns within four indication groups of woody species were analysed. The occurrence of bird species, feeding strategy and weight categories of birds were assessed. In addition to field research, the data were obtained from the work of Turček “Ecological relationships of birds and woody plants” and from the D3 Dispersal and Diaspore Database. The results show a high proportion (53%) of plants with fleshy fruits, consequently endozoochory (including ornithochory) appears to be the dominant pattern of diaspore dispersal of riparian woody species of the study area, and the second is anemochory. Evident differences in diaspore dispersal patterns were found within the indication groups. Five bird species participate in dispersal of more than 50% of the assessed woody plants. The analyses showed that a significant share of small-size birds (50–100 g) and large-size birds (500–1,000 g) spread riparian vegetation woody species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Plant seeds and fruits can be dispersed in several ways; diaspore dispersal by ornithochory is common to many plant species. The aim of the study was to assess the birds’ potential in dispersal of woody species which are present in the riparian vegetation of two streams with tributaries in the lowland of SW Slovakia. We examined three hypotheses related to riparian woody vegetation: (1) ornithochory plays an important role in the formation of riparian vegetation, (2) riparian vegetation serves as a food source for bird species in highly deforested lowland landscape, (3) there are differences among selected indication groups of woody plant species by types of diaspore dispersal. Four indication groups represent natural alluvial woody vegetation, adjacent forests, other autochtonous woody species and non-native species. Characteristics, such as diaspore type, weight, maturity, and dispersal patterns within four indication groups of woody species were analysed. The occurrence of bird species, feeding strategy and weight categories of birds were assessed. In addition to field research, the data were obtained from the work of Turček “Ecological relationships of birds and woody plants” and from the D3 Dispersal and Diaspore Database. The results show a high proportion (53%) of plants with fleshy fruits, consequently endozoochory (including ornithochory) appears to be the dominant pattern of diaspore dispersal of riparian woody species of the study area, and the second is anemochory. Evident differences in diaspore dispersal patterns were found within the indication groups. Five bird species participate in dispersal of more than 50% of the assessed woody plants. The analyses showed that a significant share of small-size birds (50–100 g) and large-size birds (500–1,000 g) spread riparian vegetation woody species. |
Tulis, F; Ambros, M; Baláž, I; Žiak, D; Hulejová-Sládkovičová, V; Miklós, P; Dudich, A; Stollmann, A; Klimant, P; Somogyi, B; Horváth, G Expansion of the Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in the south-western Slovakia during 2010–2015 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 64-73, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tulis2016, title = {Expansion of the Striped field mouse (\textit{Apodemus agrarius}) in the south-western Slovakia during 2010–2015}, author = {F. Tulis and M. Ambros and I. Baláž and D. Žiak and V. Hulejová-Sládkovičová and P. Miklós and A. Dudich and A. Stollmann and P. Klimant and B. Somogyi and G. Horváth}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_64to73.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {64-73}, abstract = {Population of the Striped field mouse spread out into unoccupied territories leading to the rapid enlargement of their range of distribution is defined as an expansion. In 2010, the presence of the species in south-western Slovakia was recorded for the first time. During monitoring of this expansion (from 2010 to 2015) 59 new localities in south-western Slovakia were recorded, representing confirmation of the presence of A. agrarius in 18 new quadrates of Databank of Slovak fauna. Thus in 2015, marginal points of the distribution area were the Danube River in south-western Slovakia, the Šur National Nature Reserve in the west, the wetland near Tešmak in the east and the Jasová water reservoir in the north. The impact of this expansion on the quantitative composition of the small mammal’s community has been evaluated for three sites (Čiližská mokraď wetland, Okoličianska mokraď wetland, Martovská mokraď wetland) and one larger area (south-western corner of Danubian lowland). In all the observed sites the expansion of A. agrarius was related to rapid increase of its abundance. However its representation in the small mammal’s community was significantly growing only in the site Čiližská mokraď wetland and Martovská mokraď wetland. In general, the rapid increase of the abundance of Apodemus agrarius in the small mammal’s community in the observed sites led to the significant decrease of the abundance of several species of small mammals, mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Population of the Striped field mouse spread out into unoccupied territories leading to the rapid enlargement of their range of distribution is defined as an expansion. In 2010, the presence of the species in south-western Slovakia was recorded for the first time. During monitoring of this expansion (from 2010 to 2015) 59 new localities in south-western Slovakia were recorded, representing confirmation of the presence of A. agrarius in 18 new quadrates of Databank of Slovak fauna. Thus in 2015, marginal points of the distribution area were the Danube River in south-western Slovakia, the Šur National Nature Reserve in the west, the wetland near Tešmak in the east and the Jasová water reservoir in the north. The impact of this expansion on the quantitative composition of the small mammal’s community has been evaluated for three sites (Čiližská mokraď wetland, Okoličianska mokraď wetland, Martovská mokraď wetland) and one larger area (south-western corner of Danubian lowland). In all the observed sites the expansion of A. agrarius was related to rapid increase of its abundance. However its representation in the small mammal’s community was significantly growing only in the site Čiližská mokraď wetland and Martovská mokraď wetland. In general, the rapid increase of the abundance of Apodemus agrarius in the small mammal’s community in the observed sites led to the significant decrease of the abundance of several species of small mammals, mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus. |
Turčoková, L; Melišková, M; Balážová, M Nest site location and breeding success of Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Danube river system Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 74-82, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Turčoková2016, title = {Nest site location and breeding success of Common kingfisher (\textit{Alcedo atthis}) in the Danube river system}, author = {L. Turčoková and M. Melišková and M. Balážová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_74to82.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {74-82}, abstract = {Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis is a fish-eating species that preferentially breeds alongside natural watercourses or smaller water bodies. During the seasons 2012, 2014 and 2015, we monitored the density of kingfisher population, nest site location and its breeding success in the Danube river system from Bratislava to Gabčíkovo (Slovakia). Population density was estimated on 23–27 pairs/55 km of the length of river branches. Average distance between nesting holes occupied by different breeding pairs was 816 m ± 421 SD. Kingfishers used river banks and wind throws to dig a burrow. The nest site location, but not nest parameters, was affected by the maximal height of the suitable area of the wall. As wind throws had larger suitable area, the location of nests in wind throws differed from the location in riverbanks. Breeding attempts were successful in 86% cases. The reason of unsuccessful breeding was mainly predation. Almost 72% of pairs bred two times per season, 17.9% of pairs three times and 10.7% of pairs four times per season. The most successful were the second and the third breeding attempts. Breeding pairs produced on average 6.43 young per successful breeding and 14.95 young per season. In total, 58% of pairs alternated breeding attempts. The rest of pairs overlapped attempts using different holes. Average distance between the holes concurrently used by a pair was 113.73 m (min = 0.3 m; max = 372 m). Neither this parameter nor the date of the first egg-lying in previous attempt affected the duration of the overlapping.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis is a fish-eating species that preferentially breeds alongside natural watercourses or smaller water bodies. During the seasons 2012, 2014 and 2015, we monitored the density of kingfisher population, nest site location and its breeding success in the Danube river system from Bratislava to Gabčíkovo (Slovakia). Population density was estimated on 23–27 pairs/55 km of the length of river branches. Average distance between nesting holes occupied by different breeding pairs was 816 m ± 421 SD. Kingfishers used river banks and wind throws to dig a burrow. The nest site location, but not nest parameters, was affected by the maximal height of the suitable area of the wall. As wind throws had larger suitable area, the location of nests in wind throws differed from the location in riverbanks. Breeding attempts were successful in 86% cases. The reason of unsuccessful breeding was mainly predation. Almost 72% of pairs bred two times per season, 17.9% of pairs three times and 10.7% of pairs four times per season. The most successful were the second and the third breeding attempts. Breeding pairs produced on average 6.43 young per successful breeding and 14.95 young per season. In total, 58% of pairs alternated breeding attempts. The rest of pairs overlapped attempts using different holes. Average distance between the holes concurrently used by a pair was 113.73 m (min = 0.3 m; max = 372 m). Neither this parameter nor the date of the first egg-lying in previous attempt affected the duration of the overlapping. |
Ambros, M; Baláž, I; Klimant, P; Tulis, F; Dudich, A; Stollmann, A; Somogyi, B; Horváth, G The occurrence of Pannonian root vole (Microtus oeconomus mehelyi) in small mammals’ communities in Danubian Plain Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 83-88, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ambros2016, title = {The occurrence of Pannonian root vole (\textit{Microtus oeconomus mehelyi}) in small mammals’ communities in Danubian Plain}, author = {M. Ambros and I. Baláž and P. Klimant and F. Tulis and A. Dudich and A. Stollmann and B. Somogyi and G. Horváth}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_83to88.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {83-88}, abstract = {Two orographic units, Podunajská rovina (Danubian Plain) and Hronská pahorkatina Highlands represent the border of Pannonian root vole’s central European population distribution area, where it colonises wet habitats. Communities of small mammals, especially the occurrence of Root vole, were investigated during the period 1981–2015 along the rivers Danube, Váh, Nitra, Žitava and Ipeľ. We investigated 146 sites and the occurrence of Root vole was confirmed in 39 localities (177 ind.), where it occurred together with other 18 small mammal species (1610 ind.). Root vole, Bank vole and the Common shrew were eudominant species in these communities. The character of recent Root vole population in these areas is not well studied. The isolation of habitats, recent knowledge about dynamics of its demography or possibilities and abilities for migration, indicate a prospect of metapopulation structure of this population. The answers to these questions will provide fundamental consequences for modifying or changing the conservation management strategy of this species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two orographic units, Podunajská rovina (Danubian Plain) and Hronská pahorkatina Highlands represent the border of Pannonian root vole’s central European population distribution area, where it colonises wet habitats. Communities of small mammals, especially the occurrence of Root vole, were investigated during the period 1981–2015 along the rivers Danube, Váh, Nitra, Žitava and Ipeľ. We investigated 146 sites and the occurrence of Root vole was confirmed in 39 localities (177 ind.), where it occurred together with other 18 small mammal species (1610 ind.). Root vole, Bank vole and the Common shrew were eudominant species in these communities. The character of recent Root vole population in these areas is not well studied. The isolation of habitats, recent knowledge about dynamics of its demography or possibilities and abilities for migration, indicate a prospect of metapopulation structure of this population. The answers to these questions will provide fundamental consequences for modifying or changing the conservation management strategy of this species. |
Bačkor, P The activity of bats in the Badínsky prales primeval forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 89-94, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bačkor2016, title = {The activity of bats in the Badínsky prales primeval forest}, author = {P. Bačkor}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_89to94.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {89-94}, abstract = {Primeval forests with their large heterogeneity with regard to composition of tree species, age of trees or canopy coverage are excellent locations for studying various animals, especially bats. In Slovakia, where primeval forests comprise just 0.48% of total forest area any coherent knowledge about basic composition of bat species is lacking. To contribute to knowledge about the occurrence of bat species in Slovakia’s natural (primeval or old grown) forests, this study presents a first summary overview of bat species composition with regard to vertical utilization of their foraging habitat. We collected data in the Western Carpathian (Kremnické vrchy Mts) in old-grown primeval beech forest (>200 years) using the passive automatic bat-detector. The device was set up to the tree trunk in 5, 10 and 15 meters above the ground. Altogether was recorded 72 minutes (n = 22,544 bat calls, 311 records in average per night). The total of 10 bat species was determined. The number of recording varied according to height. Number of Myotis-group calls did significantly differ in individual recording heights but only between 5 and 15 meters, however such differences were absent in the case of non-Myotis group calls, as well as in both types’ calls merged together. Calls of Myotis-group were the most abundant whereas they represented 96.5% from all determined calls at 5 m above ground, but only 22.7% at height of 15 meters. The family Rhinolophidae (CF; frequency > 80 kHz) was not recorded. Only a small percentages of fast hawking species Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri (≤1%) was recorded. In general, the results are in accordance with similar studies dealing with activity of bats in forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Primeval forests with their large heterogeneity with regard to composition of tree species, age of trees or canopy coverage are excellent locations for studying various animals, especially bats. In Slovakia, where primeval forests comprise just 0.48% of total forest area any coherent knowledge about basic composition of bat species is lacking. To contribute to knowledge about the occurrence of bat species in Slovakia’s natural (primeval or old grown) forests, this study presents a first summary overview of bat species composition with regard to vertical utilization of their foraging habitat. We collected data in the Western Carpathian (Kremnické vrchy Mts) in old-grown primeval beech forest (>200 years) using the passive automatic bat-detector. The device was set up to the tree trunk in 5, 10 and 15 meters above the ground. Altogether was recorded 72 minutes (n = 22,544 bat calls, 311 records in average per night). The total of 10 bat species was determined. The number of recording varied according to height. Number of Myotis-group calls did significantly differ in individual recording heights but only between 5 and 15 meters, however such differences were absent in the case of non-Myotis group calls, as well as in both types’ calls merged together. Calls of Myotis-group were the most abundant whereas they represented 96.5% from all determined calls at 5 m above ground, but only 22.7% at height of 15 meters. The family Rhinolophidae (CF; frequency > 80 kHz) was not recorded. Only a small percentages of fast hawking species Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri (≤1%) was recorded. In general, the results are in accordance with similar studies dealing with activity of bats in forests. |
Slamka, M Winter activity of European badger (Meles meles) in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 95-100, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Slamka2016, title = {Winter activity of European badger (\textit{Meles meles}) in Slovakia}, author = {M. Slamka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_95to100.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {95-100}, abstract = {In wide geographical distribution, the European badger is adapted to various climates, habitats and feeding conditions. At latitudes with severe winters, badgers build fat reserves in autumn and rest in winter. The effect of different temperature and climate to winter diurnal activity of badgers was studied in seven sites of the Javorie Mts and Pliešovská kotlina Valley in central Slovakia. Data were obtained from camera traps installed at badger setts and from snow tracking in three consecutive winters 2012–2015. As the considerable differences of weather conditions were found, also differences in diurnal activity in different winters appeared. The result shows that winter diurnal activity of badgers strongly depends on climate and air temperature. In average, badgers on five different setts were active more than 50% of days during January 2015 (average temperature –0.4 °C). Badgers were mainly nocturnal in winter months. Few cases of daylight activity were recorded only in second half of February, when also mating was recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In wide geographical distribution, the European badger is adapted to various climates, habitats and feeding conditions. At latitudes with severe winters, badgers build fat reserves in autumn and rest in winter. The effect of different temperature and climate to winter diurnal activity of badgers was studied in seven sites of the Javorie Mts and Pliešovská kotlina Valley in central Slovakia. Data were obtained from camera traps installed at badger setts and from snow tracking in three consecutive winters 2012–2015. As the considerable differences of weather conditions were found, also differences in diurnal activity in different winters appeared. The result shows that winter diurnal activity of badgers strongly depends on climate and air temperature. In average, badgers on five different setts were active more than 50% of days during January 2015 (average temperature –0.4 °C). Badgers were mainly nocturnal in winter months. Few cases of daylight activity were recorded only in second half of February, when also mating was recorded. |
➤ Volume 42(2) 2015
Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 75-88, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2015, title = {Evaluation of the ecological niche of some abundant species of the subfamily Platyninae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) against the background of eight ecological factors}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_75to88.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {75-88}, abstract = {Based on the results of 15 years of research in five regions in the steppe zone of Ukraine we have analysed the relationship between species of the subfamily Platyninae and the eight most significant ecological factors for litter macrofauna in forest ecosystems. In the forests of Ukraine Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) is a typical mesophile, with a slight preference for pine forests. C. erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) is at its most numerous in xeromesophilous moisture conditions with an average abundance of ants. C. fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) favours broad-leaved forests with 40–80% tree crown density, a sparse herbaceous layer, and clay soil with high salinity. C. melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) is at its most numerous in forests with a deep litter layer with average soil salinity. Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) is often found in forests with of low crown density and favours areas with high salinity. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) favours plots with scattered trees, thick grass, mesophilous moisture conditions and low abundance of ants. Limodromus krynickii (Sperk, 1835) inhabits forests with a thin litter layer, hygrophilous moisture conditions and soils with low salinity. Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) inhabits moist areas of forests with acid, sandy soil. The methods used in this research allow a quantitative multiple level assessment of the ecological niches of different species of litter invertebrate to be made.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the results of 15 years of research in five regions in the steppe zone of Ukraine we have analysed the relationship between species of the subfamily Platyninae and the eight most significant ecological factors for litter macrofauna in forest ecosystems. In the forests of Ukraine Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) is a typical mesophile, with a slight preference for pine forests. C. erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) is at its most numerous in xeromesophilous moisture conditions with an average abundance of ants. C. fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) favours broad-leaved forests with 40–80% tree crown density, a sparse herbaceous layer, and clay soil with high salinity. C. melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) is at its most numerous in forests with a deep litter layer with average soil salinity. Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) is often found in forests with of low crown density and favours areas with high salinity. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) favours plots with scattered trees, thick grass, mesophilous moisture conditions and low abundance of ants. Limodromus krynickii (Sperk, 1835) inhabits forests with a thin litter layer, hygrophilous moisture conditions and soils with low salinity. Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) inhabits moist areas of forests with acid, sandy soil. The methods used in this research allow a quantitative multiple level assessment of the ecological niches of different species of litter invertebrate to be made. |
Hudec, M; Tulis, F; Feszterová, M; Hreško, J Comparison of the andosols properties of forest and meadow ecosystems on the neovolcanic rocks of the Central Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 89-102, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hudec2015, title = {Comparison of the andosols properties of forest and meadow ecosystems on the neovolcanic rocks of the Central Slovakia}, author = {M. Hudec and F. Tulis and M. Feszterová and J. Hreško}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_89to102.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {The aim of the paper was to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixed forest soils and to compare their characteristics with meadow soils (mowed and xerothermic) situated at selected volcanic mountains of Central Slovakia. The andosols analysed were taken from the Kremnické and the Štiavnické mountains. The chemical and physical characteristics of andosols have been monitored. It was proved that in the mixed forests there is a constant input of fresh organic matter which affects the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and keeps it at a steady level. The highest value variability of TOC among seasons and the highest average value of TOC were proved to be in xerothermic meadows (8.93 ± 4.49%). The land use has a statistically significant impact on the differences between the values of active pH (F = 7.5001, p = 0.001) and exchangeable soil reaction (F = 18.8866, p = 0.000). Total nitrogen (NT) was affected by land use and was decreasing from xerothermic meadows to mixed forests (p < 0.001) in linear dependence similar to the TOC content (F = 11.7573, p = 0.000). The value variabilities of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basic cation (S) between soils of mixed forest and mowed and xerothermic meadows were statistically significant. The content of TOC negatively correlated with the sand fraction (soils of the mixed forest and xerothermic meadow) and the clay fraction (soils of monitored ecosystems).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the paper was to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixed forest soils and to compare their characteristics with meadow soils (mowed and xerothermic) situated at selected volcanic mountains of Central Slovakia. The andosols analysed were taken from the Kremnické and the Štiavnické mountains. The chemical and physical characteristics of andosols have been monitored. It was proved that in the mixed forests there is a constant input of fresh organic matter which affects the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and keeps it at a steady level. The highest value variability of TOC among seasons and the highest average value of TOC were proved to be in xerothermic meadows (8.93 ± 4.49%). The land use has a statistically significant impact on the differences between the values of active pH (F = 7.5001, p = 0.001) and exchangeable soil reaction (F = 18.8866, p = 0.000). Total nitrogen (NT) was affected by land use and was decreasing from xerothermic meadows to mixed forests (p < 0.001) in linear dependence similar to the TOC content (F = 11.7573, p = 0.000). The value variabilities of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basic cation (S) between soils of mixed forest and mowed and xerothermic meadows were statistically significant. The content of TOC negatively correlated with the sand fraction (soils of the mixed forest and xerothermic meadow) and the clay fraction (soils of monitored ecosystems). |
Lazorík, M; Kula, E Impact of weather and habitat on the occurrence of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods in mountain spruce forests Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 103-112, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Lazorík2015, title = {Impact of weather and habitat on the occurrence of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods in mountain spruce forests}, author = {M. Lazorík and E. Kula}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_103to112.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {103-112}, abstract = {Microclimatic factors (air temperature, soil temperature and moisture in the Ah and B horizons) were determined using AMET weather stations and VIRRIB sensors on four sites in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Republic) in 2007–2014. Simultaneously, pitfall traps were installed to monitor epigeic activity of myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea). No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of epigeic macrofauna and the microclimate of the studied forest stands. A linear curve was fitted to the data, demonstrating an increase in air temperature by 2.9 °C and a decrease in moisture by 4.49% over the eight years of monitoring. In this period, the catch of the studied groups of macrofauna decreased while the diversity of the monitored communities increased. Increasing temperature led to the occurrence of synanthropic species Porcellio scaber and the decline of montane centipede species such as Lithobius tenebrosus and Lithobius borealis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microclimatic factors (air temperature, soil temperature and moisture in the Ah and B horizons) were determined using AMET weather stations and VIRRIB sensors on four sites in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Republic) in 2007–2014. Simultaneously, pitfall traps were installed to monitor epigeic activity of myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea). No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of epigeic macrofauna and the microclimate of the studied forest stands. A linear curve was fitted to the data, demonstrating an increase in air temperature by 2.9 °C and a decrease in moisture by 4.49% over the eight years of monitoring. In this period, the catch of the studied groups of macrofauna decreased while the diversity of the monitored communities increased. Increasing temperature led to the occurrence of synanthropic species Porcellio scaber and the decline of montane centipede species such as Lithobius tenebrosus and Lithobius borealis. |
Muchová, Z; Bažík, J; Petrovič, F; Hreško, J; Konc, Ľ; Michal, P Perception of land consolidation by land owners: a case study Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 113-121, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Muchová2015, title = {Perception of land consolidation by land owners: a case study}, author = {Z. Muchová and J. Bažík and F. Petrovič and J. Hreško and Ľ. Konc and P. Michal}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_113to121.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {113-121}, abstract = {Land consolidation in Slovak Republic is claimed to be negatively perceived, although, there is no empirical evidence of this. This is used by administration to interfere with land consolidation. Based on owners’ opinion in cadastral area of Malý Báb, where land consolidation was carried out, we show that a positive view on land consolidation prevails (almost 80%). Groups of respondents with inclination to a negative perception (e.g. the seniors with bad experiences in the past, ignorant juniors) were identified, problematic areas (e.g. communication, mistrust, contributions to environmental measures) and lack of information (e.g. people with a lower education and juniors) highlighted. It seems that a positive attitude on land consolidation could be achieved with well-informed owners, provided their views and concerns will be respected.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Land consolidation in Slovak Republic is claimed to be negatively perceived, although, there is no empirical evidence of this. This is used by administration to interfere with land consolidation. Based on owners’ opinion in cadastral area of Malý Báb, where land consolidation was carried out, we show that a positive view on land consolidation prevails (almost 80%). Groups of respondents with inclination to a negative perception (e.g. the seniors with bad experiences in the past, ignorant juniors) were identified, problematic areas (e.g. communication, mistrust, contributions to environmental measures) and lack of information (e.g. people with a lower education and juniors) highlighted. It seems that a positive attitude on land consolidation could be achieved with well-informed owners, provided their views and concerns will be respected. |
Schneider, J; Vyskot, I; Redlichová, R The influence of age on the functional effect of forest stands with simplified spatial structure Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 122-129, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schneider2015, title = {The influence of age on the functional effect of forest stands with simplified spatial structure}, author = {J. Schneider and I. Vyskot and R. Redlichová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_122to129.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {122-129}, abstract = {The aim of this article is to present research on the relationship between forest stand age and its functional effect. Forest ecosystem (forest stand) age together with its stocking and health condition is specified as criterion characterizing forest stand (with simplified structure) actual stage, dynamics and functional effect on a base of realized analysis of wide spatial and time forest stand parameters data set. The criterion “forest ecosystem development phases” is used for forest age structure expression. It represents the percentage of forest stand age from a predicated period of its existence – rotation period. There were realized development dynamics analyses of particular forest functions and actual functional effects; forest stand age weight development as a reducing criterion for different forest stand conditions and model real effect of the forest functions development for chosen stand types. Research was carried out at the state enterprise Lesy ČR, s.p., organization unit Židlochovice. The results present a synergistic effect of functional reduction criterion on the real effect of forest stand functions. Simultaneously, the higher the forest stand age, the higher the importance of the forest stand condition and stocking.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this article is to present research on the relationship between forest stand age and its functional effect. Forest ecosystem (forest stand) age together with its stocking and health condition is specified as criterion characterizing forest stand (with simplified structure) actual stage, dynamics and functional effect on a base of realized analysis of wide spatial and time forest stand parameters data set. The criterion “forest ecosystem development phases” is used for forest age structure expression. It represents the percentage of forest stand age from a predicated period of its existence – rotation period. There were realized development dynamics analyses of particular forest functions and actual functional effects; forest stand age weight development as a reducing criterion for different forest stand conditions and model real effect of the forest functions development for chosen stand types. Research was carried out at the state enterprise Lesy ČR, s.p., organization unit Židlochovice. The results present a synergistic effect of functional reduction criterion on the real effect of forest stand functions. Simultaneously, the higher the forest stand age, the higher the importance of the forest stand condition and stocking. |
Šebestová, M; Holecová, M; Hollá, K; Šestáková, A Winter occurrence of diprionid larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) on pines in Central Europe: an effect of global warming? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 130-133, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Šebestová2015, title = {Winter occurrence of diprionid larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) on pines in Central Europe: an effect of global warming?}, author = {M. Šebestová and M. Holecová and K. Hollá and A. Šestáková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_130to133.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {130-133}, abstract = {During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collected insects from branches of Scotch pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (western Slovakia) using beating method. Four hymenopteran species in the larval stage were recorded in December 2013: Diprion similis (Hartig, 1834), Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793), Gilpinia pallida (Klug, 1812) and Gilpinia variegata (Hartig, 1834). The occurrence of diprionid larvae in the non-growing season has not been so far reported from Central Europe and may be a result of global warming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collected insects from branches of Scotch pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (western Slovakia) using beating method. Four hymenopteran species in the larval stage were recorded in December 2013: Diprion similis (Hartig, 1834), Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793), Gilpinia pallida (Klug, 1812) and Gilpinia variegata (Hartig, 1834). The occurrence of diprionid larvae in the non-growing season has not been so far reported from Central Europe and may be a result of global warming. |
➤ Volume 42(1) 2015
Boitsova, L; Zinczuk, E; Neprimerova, S; Balashov, E Distribution of total and clay-associated organic matter in profiles of arable loamy sand Spodosol Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 1-9, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Boitsova2015, title = {Distribution of total and clay-associated organic matter in profiles of arable loamy sand Spodosol}, author = {L. Boitsova and E. Zinczuk and S. Neprimerova and E. Balashov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_1to9.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {Stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) in clay particles is important when the effect of management practices on organic carbon sequestration is being assessed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in total SOM content in bulk soils and clay particles along four soil profiles under perennial grass-red clover and vetch-oat mixtures with and without farmyard manure (FYM) amendment. The results have shown that the highest accumulation of total SOM in bulk soil was observed in top horizons of soils amended with FYM for both crops. The total SOM content in bulk soil decreased down the soil profile but on average it was higher in the FYM-amended soils. Primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), as compared to phyllosilicates (micas and chlorite), dominated in clay-sized fractions of soils. The highest clay-associated SOM content was also determined in the topsoil horizons. A more pronounced effect of FYM on the content of clay-associated SOM was observed in the topsoil under vetch-oat mixture. The clay-associated SOM content decreased with soil depth and negatively correlated to abundance of micas (r = –0.50 to –0.99).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) in clay particles is important when the effect of management practices on organic carbon sequestration is being assessed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in total SOM content in bulk soils and clay particles along four soil profiles under perennial grass-red clover and vetch-oat mixtures with and without farmyard manure (FYM) amendment. The results have shown that the highest accumulation of total SOM in bulk soil was observed in top horizons of soils amended with FYM for both crops. The total SOM content in bulk soil decreased down the soil profile but on average it was higher in the FYM-amended soils. Primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), as compared to phyllosilicates (micas and chlorite), dominated in clay-sized fractions of soils. The highest clay-associated SOM content was also determined in the topsoil horizons. A more pronounced effect of FYM on the content of clay-associated SOM was observed in the topsoil under vetch-oat mixture. The clay-associated SOM content decreased with soil depth and negatively correlated to abundance of micas (r = –0.50 to –0.99). |
Brygadyrenko, V V; Svyrydchenko, A O Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 10-20, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2015b, title = {Influence of the gregarine \textit{Stenophora julipusilli} (Eugregarinorida, Stenophoridae) on the trophic activity of \textit{Rossiulus kessleri} (Diplopoda, Julidae)}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko and A.O. Svyrydchenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_10to20.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {10-20}, abstract = {Analysis of the contents of the intestines of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) revealed presence of gamonts of Stenophora daulphinia Watson, 1916, S. juli (Frantzius, 1846) Labbe, 1899 and S. julipusilli (Leidy, 1853) Crawley, 1903. For the analysis of the consumption of leaves of Acer negundo L. in the course of a two week laboratory experiment 122 specimens of R. kessleri infested with S. julipusilli, and 32 specimens not infested with gregarines were investigated. The initial and final body weight of each millipede was determined as well as the mass of food consumed, the amount of excrement produced and the extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli. No relationship between the amount of food consumed and initial weight of R. kessleri specimens was found. Nor was any dependence between the amount of excrement, amount of food consumed and change in body mass established. S. julipusilli gamonts and syzygys were found in 79.2% of millipede specimens. The infestation with gamonts of younger R. kessleri specimens was significantly lower than with average to large specimens of millipedes. The sex of the host was not found to influence food consumption, change in body mass or in mass of faeces. The extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli did not significantly differ between males and females of R. kessleri. In specimens not infested with gregarine gamonts the food consumption during the two-week experiment was at a high level, in those with a slight infestation (1–8 gamonts) it increased by 29%, in those with average and high extent of infestation it decreased by 8% compared with uninfested individuals. During the experiment influence of the number of S. julipusilli gamonts upon change in body mass and production of excrement by R. kessleri was not observed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Analysis of the contents of the intestines of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) revealed presence of gamonts of Stenophora daulphinia Watson, 1916, S. juli (Frantzius, 1846) Labbe, 1899 and S. julipusilli (Leidy, 1853) Crawley, 1903. For the analysis of the consumption of leaves of Acer negundo L. in the course of a two week laboratory experiment 122 specimens of R. kessleri infested with S. julipusilli, and 32 specimens not infested with gregarines were investigated. The initial and final body weight of each millipede was determined as well as the mass of food consumed, the amount of excrement produced and the extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli. No relationship between the amount of food consumed and initial weight of R. kessleri specimens was found. Nor was any dependence between the amount of excrement, amount of food consumed and change in body mass established. S. julipusilli gamonts and syzygys were found in 79.2% of millipede specimens. The infestation with gamonts of younger R. kessleri specimens was significantly lower than with average to large specimens of millipedes. The sex of the host was not found to influence food consumption, change in body mass or in mass of faeces. The extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli did not significantly differ between males and females of R. kessleri. In specimens not infested with gregarine gamonts the food consumption during the two-week experiment was at a high level, in those with a slight infestation (1–8 gamonts) it increased by 29%, in those with average and high extent of infestation it decreased by 8% compared with uninfested individuals. During the experiment influence of the number of S. julipusilli gamonts upon change in body mass and production of excrement by R. kessleri was not observed. |
Igondová, E; Majzlan, O Assemblages of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in peatland habitat, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 21-28, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Igondová2015, title = {Assemblages of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in peatland habitat, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows}, author = {E. Igondová and O. Majzlan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_21to28.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, abstract = {This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground beetles in peatland, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows in the Šuja peatbog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The main aim was to classify assemblages of beetles into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Carabids were sampled between May and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps and 1,627 individuals belonging to 55 species were registered in total. All features such as diversity, equitability, species composition, their preference for humidity and vegetation cover, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association and community index of the ground beetles were used to characterize ground beetle communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the carabid beetles at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. The scatter of species formed four groups of species associated with dry open lowland habitats, wetter woodland habitats, hygrofil wetland habitats and dry to semi wet unshaded habitats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground beetles in peatland, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows in the Šuja peatbog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The main aim was to classify assemblages of beetles into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Carabids were sampled between May and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps and 1,627 individuals belonging to 55 species were registered in total. All features such as diversity, equitability, species composition, their preference for humidity and vegetation cover, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association and community index of the ground beetles were used to characterize ground beetle communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the carabid beetles at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. The scatter of species formed four groups of species associated with dry open lowland habitats, wetter woodland habitats, hygrofil wetland habitats and dry to semi wet unshaded habitats. |
Polláková, N; Šimanský, V; Ložek, O; Hanáčková, E; Candráková, E The changes of nutrient and risk elements of top soil layers under canopy of different tree species and grassland in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 29-34, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2015, title = {The changes of nutrient and risk elements of top soil layers under canopy of different tree species and grassland in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková and V. Šimanský and O. Ložek and E. Hanáčková and E. Candráková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_29to34.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {29-34}, abstract = {Litter represents the input-output system of nutrients in forests. Since the aim of study was to extent the knowledge of nutrient and risk elements cycling in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovak Republic), we investigated the contents of selected elements in the litter of tree species and grassland, and compared them with the contents of elements in the surface soil layers (0–10 cm). Results showed that the richest on N, P, K macro-elements were sod of grass, rich was litter of maple, oak and surprisingly also yew. The correlation between quantity of exchange calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, copper and iron in the surface soil layers and litters was not significant. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations were found in case of zinc and manganese in litter and their available ions in the surface soil layers (Zn: r = 0.884, P < 0.001; Mn: r = 0.501, P < 0.05). Limit values of available cadmium and zinc content were exceeded in the soil for yews, Cd for Himalayan pines and lead for spruces. Higher contents of mentioned heavy metals in soil were attributed to bioaccumulation, as well as to atmospheric deposition.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Litter represents the input-output system of nutrients in forests. Since the aim of study was to extent the knowledge of nutrient and risk elements cycling in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovak Republic), we investigated the contents of selected elements in the litter of tree species and grassland, and compared them with the contents of elements in the surface soil layers (0–10 cm). Results showed that the richest on N, P, K macro-elements were sod of grass, rich was litter of maple, oak and surprisingly also yew. The correlation between quantity of exchange calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, copper and iron in the surface soil layers and litters was not significant. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations were found in case of zinc and manganese in litter and their available ions in the surface soil layers (Zn: r = 0.884, P < 0.001; Mn: r = 0.501, P < 0.05). Limit values of available cadmium and zinc content were exceeded in the soil for yews, Cd for Himalayan pines and lead for spruces. Higher contents of mentioned heavy metals in soil were attributed to bioaccumulation, as well as to atmospheric deposition. |
Schieber, B; Kubov, M; Pavelka, M; Janík, R Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 35-45, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schieber2015, title = {Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest}, author = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov and M. Pavelka and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_35to45.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {35-45}, abstract = {Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sampling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sampling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found. |
Tobiašova, E; Dębska, B; Drag, M The assessment of the soil organic matter of different ecosystems according to parameters of carbon Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 46-53, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tobiašova2015, title = {The assessment of the soil organic matter of different ecosystems according to parameters of carbon}, author = {E. Tobiašova and B. Dębska and M. Drag}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_46to53.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {In this study, the differences in the assessment of the soil organic matter (SOM) of 8 soils (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Regosol, and Dystric Planosol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) in Slovakia were compared. The quantity and quality of the SOM was assessed through the parameters of carbon in the total volume of soil and in the fractions of soil aggregates. The significant differences in the parameters of carbon between the ecosystems are more visible in the case of its assessment in the soil aggregates than in the total volume of soil and the results are influenced by the nature of SOM stabilization. The highest contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and labile carbon (CL) in the total volume of soil were in the forest ecosystem, but more significant differences in the contents of TOC and CL between the other ecosystems were determined only in the soil aggregates. The urban ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > agro-ecosystem followed then, and the most stabilized carbon was in the urban ecosystem. TOC and CL had higher portions in larger fractions of aggregates (>2 mm) that had the highest proportion in the meadow ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, the differences in the assessment of the soil organic matter (SOM) of 8 soils (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Regosol, and Dystric Planosol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) in Slovakia were compared. The quantity and quality of the SOM was assessed through the parameters of carbon in the total volume of soil and in the fractions of soil aggregates. The significant differences in the parameters of carbon between the ecosystems are more visible in the case of its assessment in the soil aggregates than in the total volume of soil and the results are influenced by the nature of SOM stabilization. The highest contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and labile carbon (CL) in the total volume of soil were in the forest ecosystem, but more significant differences in the contents of TOC and CL between the other ecosystems were determined only in the soil aggregates. The urban ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > agro-ecosystem followed then, and the most stabilized carbon was in the urban ecosystem. TOC and CL had higher portions in larger fractions of aggregates (>2 mm) that had the highest proportion in the meadow ecosystems. |
Vadel, Ľ; Dražil, T Vegetation characteristics of species-rich grasslands in the National Park Slovenský raj, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 54-66, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Vadel2015, title = {Vegetation characteristics of species-rich grasslands in the National Park Slovenský raj, Slovakia}, author = {Ľ. Vadel and T. Dražil}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_54to66.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {54-66}, abstract = {The paper presents phytosociological data of grassland communities in Kopanecké lúky in the National park Slovenský raj. Regarding the species richness, the studied meadows are extraordinary valuable and contain one of the highest number of vascular plant species at small scales in Europe. In 2012, we recorded 100 vascular plant species in the area of 25 m2. Within the study area, eight plant communities or vegetation types (characterised by specific species combination and species dominance) were ordered into the alliances Arrhenatherion elatioris, Violion caninae, Nardo strictae-Agrostion tenuis, Polygono bistortae-Trisetion flavescentis. All types of recorded vegetation represent transitional and successional stages. After 13–17 years the vegetation studied on permanent monitoring plots 5 × 5 m showed some changes. Meadows which have been regularly managed since 1990 have relatively stable species composition and species diversity. Abandoned plots experienced decrease in the total number of species and the emergence of expansive grasses like Calamagrostis varia (mesic and subxerophilic sites), Brachypodium pinnatum (wetter, mesic and subxerophilic sites) and Calamagrostis arundinaceae (mesic oligotrophic and acidic sites). In areas where cutting of trees, restoration or irregular mowing of meadows took place the number of species slightly increased. On the present, the plots are still threatened by expansion of Calamagrostis arundinacea species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents phytosociological data of grassland communities in Kopanecké lúky in the National park Slovenský raj. Regarding the species richness, the studied meadows are extraordinary valuable and contain one of the highest number of vascular plant species at small scales in Europe. In 2012, we recorded 100 vascular plant species in the area of 25 m2. Within the study area, eight plant communities or vegetation types (characterised by specific species combination and species dominance) were ordered into the alliances Arrhenatherion elatioris, Violion caninae, Nardo strictae-Agrostion tenuis, Polygono bistortae-Trisetion flavescentis. All types of recorded vegetation represent transitional and successional stages. After 13–17 years the vegetation studied on permanent monitoring plots 5 × 5 m showed some changes. Meadows which have been regularly managed since 1990 have relatively stable species composition and species diversity. Abandoned plots experienced decrease in the total number of species and the emergence of expansive grasses like Calamagrostis varia (mesic and subxerophilic sites), Brachypodium pinnatum (wetter, mesic and subxerophilic sites) and Calamagrostis arundinaceae (mesic oligotrophic and acidic sites). In areas where cutting of trees, restoration or irregular mowing of meadows took place the number of species slightly increased. On the present, the plots are still threatened by expansion of Calamagrostis arundinacea species. |
Ivanová, H Sordaria fimicola (Ascomycota, Sordariales) on Acer palmatum Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 67-71, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2015b, title = {\textit{Sordaria fimicola} (Ascomycota, Sordariales) on \textit{Acer palmatum}}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_67to71.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {67-71}, abstract = {During an investigation of the mycoflora of Japanese red maple trees growing in an urbanized area of Nitra, Slovakia, Sordaria fimicola (Roberge ex Desm.) Ces. & De Not) was isolated from affected leaves and branches of Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ L. This fungus was associated with symptoms of brown wood discoloration and leaf spottiness of these trees. Sordaria fimicola was recorded for the first time on Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ in Slovakia. The fungus is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci, and olivaceous to olivaceous-brown, one-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled ascospores with a colourless basal germ pore and surrounded by a gelatinous sheath.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During an investigation of the mycoflora of Japanese red maple trees growing in an urbanized area of Nitra, Slovakia, Sordaria fimicola (Roberge ex Desm.) Ces. & De Not) was isolated from affected leaves and branches of Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ L. This fungus was associated with symptoms of brown wood discoloration and leaf spottiness of these trees. Sordaria fimicola was recorded for the first time on Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ in Slovakia. The fungus is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci, and olivaceous to olivaceous-brown, one-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled ascospores with a colourless basal germ pore and surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. |
➤ Volume 41(2) 2014
Brygadyrenko, V V; Reshetniak, D Y Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 109-133, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2014, title = {Morphological variability among populations of \textit{Harpalus rufipes} (Coleoptera, Carabidae): What is more important – the mean values or statistical peculiarities of distribution in the population?}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko and D.Y. Reshetniak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_109to133.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {109-133}, abstract = {The paper analyzes the variability of 19 characteristics (14 linear measurements, 4 angular characteristics and density of elytra downiness), as well as 8 morphometric indices for 391 imagoes of Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) collected in 9 forest, field and steppe ecosystems under various degrees of anthropogenic pressure in four administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine. The presence of significant (P < 0.001) negative asymmetry in females and absence thereof (P > 0.05) in males is typical for body length, head length, elytra length, distance between eyes, head width, prothorax width between the front angle and the back angle, elytra width between humeral angles, and maximum elytra width. For all these characteristics, the excess in males is not significant (P > 0.05), while in females in most cases it is significantly positive (P < 0.05), which is evidence that there is a large number of females with a greater length of the body and greater width of the head, prothorax and elytra. The absence of significant asymmetry (P > 0.05) in males and females proves the absence of directional selection in the populations of H. rufipes on the density of elytra downiness and value of the prothorax back angle. A significant negative asymmetry was recorded both in males and females for the maximum width of prothorax (P < 0.001) and body height (P < 0.05), i.е. unidirectional increase in these characteristics takes place in specimens of both sexes. As distinct from the linear measurements, for all 8 considered proportions of the body in specimens of both sexes the excess is significantly positive (P < 0.001), suggesting higher constancy of bodily proportions in H. rufipes than of absolute size. For most of the linear characteristics, a significant (P < 0.001) sexual dimorphism is recorded. No marked differences between the 9 populations studied within the groups of specimens of the same sex are recorded. In the areas where the annual burning of crop residues and litter is observed, differences between males and females in length are two times higher than the differences between males and females for the ecosystems with no such burning. In the driest areas, maximum elytra width – prothorax width ratio is observed in females. The vertex angle of elytra significantly differs in the populations of the various administrative districts. The average density of elytra downiness in males is 13.3% lower than in females. The results of PCA (principal component analysis) have shown that most of the linear characteristics were connected with the sex of the beetle, while variations in the angular characteristics and degree of elytra downiness bore no relationship to the sex of the H. rufipes specimens. The results of our research suggest that the mean values of morphometric characteristics in environmental studies may have less diagnostic value than the type of their distribution in the population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper analyzes the variability of 19 characteristics (14 linear measurements, 4 angular characteristics and density of elytra downiness), as well as 8 morphometric indices for 391 imagoes of Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) collected in 9 forest, field and steppe ecosystems under various degrees of anthropogenic pressure in four administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine. The presence of significant (P < 0.001) negative asymmetry in females and absence thereof (P > 0.05) in males is typical for body length, head length, elytra length, distance between eyes, head width, prothorax width between the front angle and the back angle, elytra width between humeral angles, and maximum elytra width. For all these characteristics, the excess in males is not significant (P > 0.05), while in females in most cases it is significantly positive (P < 0.05), which is evidence that there is a large number of females with a greater length of the body and greater width of the head, prothorax and elytra. The absence of significant asymmetry (P > 0.05) in males and females proves the absence of directional selection in the populations of H. rufipes on the density of elytra downiness and value of the prothorax back angle. A significant negative asymmetry was recorded both in males and females for the maximum width of prothorax (P < 0.001) and body height (P < 0.05), i.е. unidirectional increase in these characteristics takes place in specimens of both sexes. As distinct from the linear measurements, for all 8 considered proportions of the body in specimens of both sexes the excess is significantly positive (P < 0.001), suggesting higher constancy of bodily proportions in H. rufipes than of absolute size. For most of the linear characteristics, a significant (P < 0.001) sexual dimorphism is recorded. No marked differences between the 9 populations studied within the groups of specimens of the same sex are recorded. In the areas where the annual burning of crop residues and litter is observed, differences between males and females in length are two times higher than the differences between males and females for the ecosystems with no such burning. In the driest areas, maximum elytra width – prothorax width ratio is observed in females. The vertex angle of elytra significantly differs in the populations of the various administrative districts. The average density of elytra downiness in males is 13.3% lower than in females. The results of PCA (principal component analysis) have shown that most of the linear characteristics were connected with the sex of the beetle, while variations in the angular characteristics and degree of elytra downiness bore no relationship to the sex of the H. rufipes specimens. The results of our research suggest that the mean values of morphometric characteristics in environmental studies may have less diagnostic value than the type of their distribution in the population. |
Ivanová, H Birch necrotic leaf spots caused by fungal pathogens Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 134-140, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2014b, title = {Birch necrotic leaf spots caused by fungal pathogens}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_134to140.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {134-140}, abstract = {Microscopic fungi associated with lesions on the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. species growing in different greenery types of Nitra town are causal factors weakening the health state and vitality of these trees. Many of them caused anthracnose and formed small, irregular, circular brown spots with dark brown margins or broad necrotic blotches. Disease symptoms begin as a large spots or blotches, which rapidly widen and join, resulting in large areas of dead tissue. The fungi overwinter on infected fallen leaves. Sporulation begins when spring conditions become warm and wet. During the study of the mycoflora of birch leaves ten fungal species were recorded: Asteroma microspermum, Cryptocline betularum, Discula betulae, Marssonina betulae, Melanconium betulinum, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., Phyllosticta betulina, Pyrenopeziza betulicola, Stemphylium sp. In this work were described disease symptoms and some distinctive morphological features.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microscopic fungi associated with lesions on the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. species growing in different greenery types of Nitra town are causal factors weakening the health state and vitality of these trees. Many of them caused anthracnose and formed small, irregular, circular brown spots with dark brown margins or broad necrotic blotches. Disease symptoms begin as a large spots or blotches, which rapidly widen and join, resulting in large areas of dead tissue. The fungi overwinter on infected fallen leaves. Sporulation begins when spring conditions become warm and wet. During the study of the mycoflora of birch leaves ten fungal species were recorded: Asteroma microspermum, Cryptocline betularum, Discula betulae, Marssonina betulae, Melanconium betulinum, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., Phyllosticta betulina, Pyrenopeziza betulicola, Stemphylium sp. In this work were described disease symptoms and some distinctive morphological features. |
Janík, R; Bublinec, E; Dubová, M Space-time patterns of soil pH and conductivity in submountain beech ecosystems in the West Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 141-145, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Janík2014, title = {Space-time patterns of soil pH and conductivity in submountain beech ecosystems in the West Carpathians}, author = {R. Janík and E. Bublinec and M. Dubová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_141to145.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {141-145}, abstract = {In this work are summarised the results of a monitoring of pH values and conductivity which we have performed for 13 years in the localities of Kremnické vrchy Mts. The study locality, situated in the Western Carpathians Mts, was previously exposed to a moderate pollution only, and the pH values we obtained on a deforested plot in this locality were: 6.08 for precipitation water, 6.05 for the surface humus and 6.36 at a soil depth of 0.1 m. In a forest stand in the same locality we recorded 6.11 in the cover humus and then the values decreased down to 5.99 at 0.25m. The electric conductivity values showed a similar trend.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work are summarised the results of a monitoring of pH values and conductivity which we have performed for 13 years in the localities of Kremnické vrchy Mts. The study locality, situated in the Western Carpathians Mts, was previously exposed to a moderate pollution only, and the pH values we obtained on a deforested plot in this locality were: 6.08 for precipitation water, 6.05 for the surface humus and 6.36 at a soil depth of 0.1 m. In a forest stand in the same locality we recorded 6.11 in the cover humus and then the values decreased down to 5.99 at 0.25m. The electric conductivity values showed a similar trend. |
Kellerová, D; Janík, R Analysis of ambient ozone in a foothill area in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 146-152, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kellerová2014, title = {Analysis of ambient ozone in a foothill area in the Western Carpathians}, author = {D. Kellerová and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_146to152.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {146-152}, abstract = {This work analyses the ambient ozone concentrations measured during 1999–2008, parallel on two research plots differing in their vegetation cover (beech forest stand and open plot), situated in a rural area. There was detected a difference in the ozone concentration values between the two plots due to their spatial arrangement, but this difference was not significant. On the other hand, a noticeable statistically significant difference in ozone concentrations and differences in selected climatic variables were observed. The influence of average temperature and of rainfall sum was very significant, at p < 0.0001. The variability of the measured ambient ozone values ranged from 50.01% in the stand to 57.36% on the open plot. Ozone maxima occurred frequently, mainly after the year 2004. The increase in ozone concentrations, primarily in form of extreme events, means a serious risk for the environment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work analyses the ambient ozone concentrations measured during 1999–2008, parallel on two research plots differing in their vegetation cover (beech forest stand and open plot), situated in a rural area. There was detected a difference in the ozone concentration values between the two plots due to their spatial arrangement, but this difference was not significant. On the other hand, a noticeable statistically significant difference in ozone concentrations and differences in selected climatic variables were observed. The influence of average temperature and of rainfall sum was very significant, at p < 0.0001. The variability of the measured ambient ozone values ranged from 50.01% in the stand to 57.36% on the open plot. Ozone maxima occurred frequently, mainly after the year 2004. The increase in ozone concentrations, primarily in form of extreme events, means a serious risk for the environment. |
Mihál, I; Blanár, D Fungi and slime molds of alder and willow alluvial forests of the upper part of the Muránka river (central Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 153-172, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2014, title = {Fungi and slime molds of alder and willow alluvial forests of the upper part of the Muránka river (central Slovakia)}, author = {I. Mihál and D. Blanár}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_153to172.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {153-172}, abstract = {Mycological and floristic research was carried out in alluvial forests (alliances Alnion incanae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 and Salicion albae Soó 1930) in the alluvium of the Muránka river in the north-western part of the Gemer region in central Slovakia during 2009–2012. In the studied forest stands the authors identified altogether 236 macromycetes and 13 slime molds (in total 249 taxa). As the first records for Slovakia following specimens were found out: Diderma globosum var. europaeum, Fuligo laeviderma (Myxomycota), Entomophthora coleopterorum (Zygomycota), Acrospermum compressum, Belonopsis filispora, Echnoa infernalis, Xylaria digitata (Ascomycota) and Hohenbuehelia angustata, Melampsora amygdalinae (Basidiomycota). The highest number of taxa belong among lignicolous saprotrophes (158 species) and terrestric saprotrophes (51 species), this might be because of enough dead wood substrate and rich humus litter layer on alluvial soils in the habitats. On the other hand, the number of lignicolous parasites (13 taxa) and ectomycorrhizal symbionts (11 taxa) were rather low.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mycological and floristic research was carried out in alluvial forests (alliances Alnion incanae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 and Salicion albae Soó 1930) in the alluvium of the Muránka river in the north-western part of the Gemer region in central Slovakia during 2009–2012. In the studied forest stands the authors identified altogether 236 macromycetes and 13 slime molds (in total 249 taxa). As the first records for Slovakia following specimens were found out: Diderma globosum var. europaeum, Fuligo laeviderma (Myxomycota), Entomophthora coleopterorum (Zygomycota), Acrospermum compressum, Belonopsis filispora, Echnoa infernalis, Xylaria digitata (Ascomycota) and Hohenbuehelia angustata, Melampsora amygdalinae (Basidiomycota). The highest number of taxa belong among lignicolous saprotrophes (158 species) and terrestric saprotrophes (51 species), this might be because of enough dead wood substrate and rich humus litter layer on alluvial soils in the habitats. On the other hand, the number of lignicolous parasites (13 taxa) and ectomycorrhizal symbionts (11 taxa) were rather low. |
Pástorová, A; Škvareninová, J; Střelcová, K; Leštianska, A Temporal variability of spring phenological phases and diameter increment of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) provenances Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 173-183, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pástorová2014, title = {Temporal variability of spring phenological phases and diameter increment of Norway spruce (\textit{Picea abies} /L./ Karst.) provenances}, author = {A. Pástorová and J. Škvareninová and K. Střelcová and A. Leštianska}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_173to183.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {173-183}, abstract = {The presented paper analyses temporal variability of the beginning, end, and the length of growth, and of the selected spring phenological phases of Norway spruce. The experiment was performed on three provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) originating from the orographical unit of Volovské vrchy, and growing in Borová hora arboretum, during the three years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The examined provenances were selected on the base of the elevation gradient from three elevations: 500 m a.s.l., 750 m a.s.l. and 1,100 m a.s.l. Tree stem circumference changes were continuously measured, and spring phenological phases were assessed. Our results proved that a significant temporal shift in the onset of the phenophases to a later period occurs in provenances originating from higher elevation. We found that during the period from 2010 to 2012, the sum of the effective air and soil temperatures needed for the onset of the phenological phases decreased from one year to another. The highest effective sums of air and soil temperatures were required for the provenance originating from the highest elevation (1,100 m). The analysis of diameter increment showed that the lowest increment value equal to 4.35% was recorded in April 2010, while the increment in April 2011 was 13.11% and in 2012 it was 10.09% of the overall increment of the stem diameter in growing season. This was caused by the later onset of spring phenophases in April 2010 caused by lower air temperatures in this month.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The presented paper analyses temporal variability of the beginning, end, and the length of growth, and of the selected spring phenological phases of Norway spruce. The experiment was performed on three provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) originating from the orographical unit of Volovské vrchy, and growing in Borová hora arboretum, during the three years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The examined provenances were selected on the base of the elevation gradient from three elevations: 500 m a.s.l., 750 m a.s.l. and 1,100 m a.s.l. Tree stem circumference changes were continuously measured, and spring phenological phases were assessed. Our results proved that a significant temporal shift in the onset of the phenophases to a later period occurs in provenances originating from higher elevation. We found that during the period from 2010 to 2012, the sum of the effective air and soil temperatures needed for the onset of the phenological phases decreased from one year to another. The highest effective sums of air and soil temperatures were required for the provenance originating from the highest elevation (1,100 m). The analysis of diameter increment showed that the lowest increment value equal to 4.35% was recorded in April 2010, while the increment in April 2011 was 13.11% and in 2012 it was 10.09% of the overall increment of the stem diameter in growing season. This was caused by the later onset of spring phenophases in April 2010 caused by lower air temperatures in this month. |
Pepich, P; Krajmerová, D; Saniga, M Using noninvasive DNA sampling to estimate abundance and some genetic properties of the Brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 184-194, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pepich2014, title = {Using noninvasive DNA sampling to estimate abundance and some genetic properties of the Brown bear (\textit{Ursus arctos}) in the Western Carpathians}, author = {P. Pepich and D. Krajmerová and M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_184to194.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {184-194}, abstract = {In Slovakia, there is a constant need for scientifically based information to manage its bear population after it has been allowed to increase in size and range. In this study we assessed population size, sex structure and genetic variability of a local brown bear population in Strážovské vrchy Mts (North-western Slovakia). This goal has been achieved by using noninvasive method of genetic sampling in 2011–2012. Brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 94 out of 232 samples (41%), among which 24 unique genotypes were identified. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.56 in 2011 and 0.63 in 2012. Minimum population size was determined from the number of unique genotypes and population size estimates were calculated via Lincoln-Peterson CMR method (n = 38) and Rarefaction models according Kohn method (n = 36), Eggert method (n = 25) and Chessel’s equation (n = 19). Additionally, relative spatial activity and movement pattern of some individuals have been inferred from the distribution of typed samples.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Slovakia, there is a constant need for scientifically based information to manage its bear population after it has been allowed to increase in size and range. In this study we assessed population size, sex structure and genetic variability of a local brown bear population in Strážovské vrchy Mts (North-western Slovakia). This goal has been achieved by using noninvasive method of genetic sampling in 2011–2012. Brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 94 out of 232 samples (41%), among which 24 unique genotypes were identified. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.56 in 2011 and 0.63 in 2012. Minimum population size was determined from the number of unique genotypes and population size estimates were calculated via Lincoln-Peterson CMR method (n = 38) and Rarefaction models according Kohn method (n = 36), Eggert method (n = 25) and Chessel’s equation (n = 19). Additionally, relative spatial activity and movement pattern of some individuals have been inferred from the distribution of typed samples. |
Stašiov, S; Svitok, M The influence of stand density on the structure of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities in the submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 195-201, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Stašiov2014, title = {The influence of stand density on the structure of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities in the submountain beech forest}, author = {S. Stašiov and M. Svitok}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_195to201.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {195-201}, abstract = {The paper deals with the effect of stand density on the community composition of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities. The study was conducted in Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998 by pitfall trapping. In total, 17 species of centipedes from 4 families and 7 species of millipedes from 6 families were recorded. The intensity of previous thinning influenced the species structure of both studied communities. Species richness increased with increasing intensity of past thinning, especially for centipede communities. The effect of stand density was apparent for all but eurythopic species, namely: Lithobius forficatus, Lithobius mutabilis (Chilopoda) and Unciger foetidus, Polydesmus complanatus (Diplopoda).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper deals with the effect of stand density on the community composition of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities. The study was conducted in Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998 by pitfall trapping. In total, 17 species of centipedes from 4 families and 7 species of millipedes from 6 families were recorded. The intensity of previous thinning influenced the species structure of both studied communities. Species richness increased with increasing intensity of past thinning, especially for centipede communities. The effect of stand density was apparent for all but eurythopic species, namely: Lithobius forficatus, Lithobius mutabilis (Chilopoda) and Unciger foetidus, Polydesmus complanatus (Diplopoda). |
Svyrydchenko, A O; Brygadyrenko, V V Trophic preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 202-212, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Svyrydchenko2014, title = {Trophic preferences of \textit{Rossiulus kessleri} (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species}, author = {A.O. Svyrydchenko and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_202to212.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {202-212}, abstract = {This article analyses the results of a 10-day laboratory experiment investigating the consumption preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohm.) when the leaf litter of 16 tree species was offered. During this experiment the rate of microbiological decay of the leaves of each tree species in the litter varied from 0.6 to 4.1% per day. The maximum rate of litter consumption by R. kessleri was found for Acer negundo L. (0.75 mg/mg of body weight per day), Quercus robur L. (0.50), Malus domestica Borkh. (0.36) and Cerasus vulgaris L. (0.35). For other tree species under investigation it did not exceed 0.11 mg/mg of body weight per day. In the dynamics of acclimation of R. kessleri to a new diet there are three main tendencies: 1) sharp increase in body weight on the first day of the experiment and stabilization thereof at a high level on the next day (for Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. there was a 39% gain in weight, for Salix alba L. 29%, respectively); 2) decrease during the first three days of the experiment and further stabilization of body weight at a level not significantly different from the initial one (for Populus alba L., Acer platanoides L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Gleditsia triacanthos L. and Aesculus hippocastanum L.); 3) long-term acclimation of about one-week’s duration with return to initial (Quercus robur L., Ulmus laevis Pall.) or lower body weight (Populus nigra L. – 13% lower than initial weight, Acer negundo L. – 12% lower, A. pseudoplatanus L. – 9% lower, Pyrus communis L. – 8% lower, Pinus sylvestris L. – 7% lower). In the conditions of absence of food in the container, average body weight for 4 days decreased by 10%, while a 50% death rate of the starved millipedes was recorded on the 6th day. The maximum proportion of daily weight of faeces (dry weight) to live body weight was observed in R. kessleri fed on Pinus sylvestris L. (0.58%), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (0.57%), Pyrus communis L. (0.54%) and Populus alba L. (0.53%). The minimum average daily formation of faeces was recorded in millipedes fed on Acer pseudoplatanus L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Malus domestica Borkh. and Aesculus hippocastanum L. (0.20–0.23% of body weight). A discrepancy in rates of microbiological and zoogenic decomposition of litter was found for various tree species in the conditions of the laboratory experiment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article analyses the results of a 10-day laboratory experiment investigating the consumption preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohm.) when the leaf litter of 16 tree species was offered. During this experiment the rate of microbiological decay of the leaves of each tree species in the litter varied from 0.6 to 4.1% per day. The maximum rate of litter consumption by R. kessleri was found for Acer negundo L. (0.75 mg/mg of body weight per day), Quercus robur L. (0.50), Malus domestica Borkh. (0.36) and Cerasus vulgaris L. (0.35). For other tree species under investigation it did not exceed 0.11 mg/mg of body weight per day. In the dynamics of acclimation of R. kessleri to a new diet there are three main tendencies: 1) sharp increase in body weight on the first day of the experiment and stabilization thereof at a high level on the next day (for Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. there was a 39% gain in weight, for Salix alba L. 29%, respectively); 2) decrease during the first three days of the experiment and further stabilization of body weight at a level not significantly different from the initial one (for Populus alba L., Acer platanoides L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Gleditsia triacanthos L. and Aesculus hippocastanum L.); 3) long-term acclimation of about one-week’s duration with return to initial (Quercus robur L., Ulmus laevis Pall.) or lower body weight (Populus nigra L. – 13% lower than initial weight, Acer negundo L. – 12% lower, A. pseudoplatanus L. – 9% lower, Pyrus communis L. – 8% lower, Pinus sylvestris L. – 7% lower). In the conditions of absence of food in the container, average body weight for 4 days decreased by 10%, while a 50% death rate of the starved millipedes was recorded on the 6th day. The maximum proportion of daily weight of faeces (dry weight) to live body weight was observed in R. kessleri fed on Pinus sylvestris L. (0.58%), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (0.57%), Pyrus communis L. (0.54%) and Populus alba L. (0.53%). The minimum average daily formation of faeces was recorded in millipedes fed on Acer pseudoplatanus L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Malus domestica Borkh. and Aesculus hippocastanum L. (0.20–0.23% of body weight). A discrepancy in rates of microbiological and zoogenic decomposition of litter was found for various tree species in the conditions of the laboratory experiment. |
➤ Volume 41(1) 2014
Bolvanský, M; Adamčíková, K; Kobza, M Screening resistance to chestnut blight in young chestnut trees derived from Castanea sativa × C. crenata hybrids Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 1-7, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bolvanský2014c, title = {Screening resistance to chestnut blight in young chestnut trees derived from \textit{Castanea sativa} × \textit{C. crenata} hybrids}, author = {M. Bolvanský and K. Adamčíková and M. Kobza}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_1to7.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {In 2010, 2011 and 2012 four trials were carried out to prove a reliability of the new screening method for resistance to chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica. In the selected trees of hybrid origin (C. sativa × C. crenata)) 10 cm long cut-branch sections were inoculated with mycelia of three virulent isolates and one hypovirulent isolate (in two last trials) and cultivated for 7 days in the dark at 25 °C with 95% humidity. Then the bark of branch segments was peeled off and the size of necrotic lesions formed on the wood tissue around the inoculation place was measured. The size of necrotic areas varied by sampling date, type of fungus strains and tested trees. In all three summer trials necrotic lesions were larger than lesions in a spring trial of 2011, in which still dormant stem sections were used. Unlike the summer trials in the spring trial higher differences in the size of necrotic lesions among tested trees and among used virulent strains were observed. In the spring trial interactions between tested trees and fungal isolates were not so frequent like in summer trials where more trees exhibited different response to the same virulent strain. Majority of trees showed different susceptibility in particular trials. Observed high variation of reactions of tested trees to both virulent and hypovirulent isolates has pointed at the need to prove other screening methods, and to find such one, that would be highly effective to reveal an inherited resistance and/or a lower degree of susceptibility to chestnut blight.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2010, 2011 and 2012 four trials were carried out to prove a reliability of the new screening method for resistance to chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica. In the selected trees of hybrid origin (C. sativa × C. crenata)) 10 cm long cut-branch sections were inoculated with mycelia of three virulent isolates and one hypovirulent isolate (in two last trials) and cultivated for 7 days in the dark at 25 °C with 95% humidity. Then the bark of branch segments was peeled off and the size of necrotic lesions formed on the wood tissue around the inoculation place was measured. The size of necrotic areas varied by sampling date, type of fungus strains and tested trees. In all three summer trials necrotic lesions were larger than lesions in a spring trial of 2011, in which still dormant stem sections were used. Unlike the summer trials in the spring trial higher differences in the size of necrotic lesions among tested trees and among used virulent strains were observed. In the spring trial interactions between tested trees and fungal isolates were not so frequent like in summer trials where more trees exhibited different response to the same virulent strain. Majority of trees showed different susceptibility in particular trials. Observed high variation of reactions of tested trees to both virulent and hypovirulent isolates has pointed at the need to prove other screening methods, and to find such one, that would be highly effective to reveal an inherited resistance and/or a lower degree of susceptibility to chestnut blight. |
Brygadyrenko, V V Influence of soil moisture on litter invertebrate community structure of pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 8-16, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2014b, title = {Influence of soil moisture on litter invertebrate community structure of pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_8to16.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {8-16}, abstract = {An analysis of litter invertebrate community structure of 141 pine forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine in five moisture gradations has been carried out. The absolute number of macrofauna individuals in the pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine is on average 5 times lower than in the corresponding mois- ture conditions of deciduous forests. The average number of species and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index increases from mesoxerophilous to hygromesophilous conditions. The relative number of saprophages increases when the degree of moisture increases from mesoxerophilous through to mesohygrophilous conditions. Zoophages do not change their number with optimisation of moisture conditions; only the number of their species increases. The relative number of polyphages decreases as the soil humidity increases. It is possible to observe significant deviations in the size structure of pine forest macrofauna in comparison with that of steppe zone deciduous forests: the share of 4–7 mm size group increases and the number of individuals with >20 mm body length decreases in most moisture gradations. In pine forest litter, Formicidae occupy the first place among dominants, in hygromesophilous and mesohygrophilous forest types Porcellionidae make up more than a quarter of macrofauna, while Lycosidae and Carabidae dominate in all moisture gradations. The results of the studies allow us to assess the importance of pine forests in the steppe zone as low for preserving biological diversity of litter macrofauna.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An analysis of litter invertebrate community structure of 141 pine forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine in five moisture gradations has been carried out. The absolute number of macrofauna individuals in the pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine is on average 5 times lower than in the corresponding mois- ture conditions of deciduous forests. The average number of species and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index increases from mesoxerophilous to hygromesophilous conditions. The relative number of saprophages increases when the degree of moisture increases from mesoxerophilous through to mesohygrophilous conditions. Zoophages do not change their number with optimisation of moisture conditions; only the number of their species increases. The relative number of polyphages decreases as the soil humidity increases. It is possible to observe significant deviations in the size structure of pine forest macrofauna in comparison with that of steppe zone deciduous forests: the share of 4–7 mm size group increases and the number of individuals with >20 mm body length decreases in most moisture gradations. In pine forest litter, Formicidae occupy the first place among dominants, in hygromesophilous and mesohygrophilous forest types Porcellionidae make up more than a quarter of macrofauna, while Lycosidae and Carabidae dominate in all moisture gradations. The results of the studies allow us to assess the importance of pine forests in the steppe zone as low for preserving biological diversity of litter macrofauna. |
Gáper, J; Sliacka, I; Hvolková, L Diversity and ecology of polypores in urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 17-23, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gáper2014, title = {Diversity and ecology of polypores in urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia}, author = {J. Gáper and I. Sliacka and L. Hvolková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_17to23.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {17-23}, abstract = {During the years 2010–2011, we recorded 102 findings of polypores including 20 taxa in three different kinds of urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia. The most abundant taxa were Phellinus igniarius s. l. (16 findings) and Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. J. Kickx (11 findings). There was also a broad range of the host plants (15 genera, 22 species). The most abundant species of the host plants were Acer platanoides L. (12%), Cerasus serrulata (Lindl.) Loudon (11%) and Salix × sepulcralis ‘Tristis’ (10%). 53% of polypores colonized stem, fewer of them (21%) colonized branches. We observed the polypores in the town parks, street lines (alleys) and streamside stands. City parks and alleys were the most often habitats of polypore occurrences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the years 2010–2011, we recorded 102 findings of polypores including 20 taxa in three different kinds of urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia. The most abundant taxa were Phellinus igniarius s. l. (16 findings) and Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. J. Kickx (11 findings). There was also a broad range of the host plants (15 genera, 22 species). The most abundant species of the host plants were Acer platanoides L. (12%), Cerasus serrulata (Lindl.) Loudon (11%) and Salix × sepulcralis ‘Tristis’ (10%). 53% of polypores colonized stem, fewer of them (21%) colonized branches. We observed the polypores in the town parks, street lines (alleys) and streamside stands. City parks and alleys were the most often habitats of polypore occurrences. |
Harmath, J; Schmidt, G; Forrai, M; Szabó, V Influence of some growth retardants on growth, transpiration rate and CO2 fixation of Caryopteris incana ‘Heavenly Blue’ Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 24-33, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Harmath2014, title = {Influence of some growth retardants on growth, transpiration rate and CO_{2} fixation of \textit{Caryopteris incana} ‘Heavenly Blue’}, author = {J. Harmath and G. Schmidt and M. Forrai and V. Szabó}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_24to33.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {24-33}, abstract = {In an experiment between May and October 2011, the effect of growth retardants Alar 85 SP 0.4% and 1%, Bumper 25 EC 0.1% and 1%, Cultar 1% and 2%, Cycocel 0.3% and 1%, Mirage 45 EC 0.2% and 1% was tested on Caryopteris incana ‘Heavenly Blue’ young plants. The young plants were sprayed with the retardants three times during the summer. The influence of these retardants on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves was measured by LCi infrared gas analyzing instrument three times: first on the 1st day, second on the 24th day, and third on the 43rd day after the last spraying. The most effective growth retardant was Cultar used in 2% and 1% concentration (that gave the smallest plants), followed by Cycocel and Alar 85 SP; while the effect of Bumper 25 EC and Mirage 45 EC was minimal. The growth retardants affected not only the growth of the plants. They had also some (weak) effect on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves. In most cases Cultar 1% and/or 2% and in some cases Mirage 1% showed the lowest values in comparison with all the other treatments, but no statistical correlation was found between their dwarfing effect and the results from LCi measurements.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In an experiment between May and October 2011, the effect of growth retardants Alar 85 SP 0.4% and 1%, Bumper 25 EC 0.1% and 1%, Cultar 1% and 2%, Cycocel 0.3% and 1%, Mirage 45 EC 0.2% and 1% was tested on Caryopteris incana ‘Heavenly Blue’ young plants. The young plants were sprayed with the retardants three times during the summer. The influence of these retardants on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves was measured by LCi infrared gas analyzing instrument three times: first on the 1st day, second on the 24th day, and third on the 43rd day after the last spraying. The most effective growth retardant was Cultar used in 2% and 1% concentration (that gave the smallest plants), followed by Cycocel and Alar 85 SP; while the effect of Bumper 25 EC and Mirage 45 EC was minimal. The growth retardants affected not only the growth of the plants. They had also some (weak) effect on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves. In most cases Cultar 1% and/or 2% and in some cases Mirage 1% showed the lowest values in comparison with all the other treatments, but no statistical correlation was found between their dwarfing effect and the results from LCi measurements. |
Korolev, O V; Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 34-43, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Korolev2014, title = {Influence of individual variation in the trophic spectra of \textit{Pterostichus melanarius} (Coleoptera, Carabidae) on the adaptation possibilities of its population}, author = {O.V. Korolev and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_34to43.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {34-43}, abstract = {Data on the selection of food items by Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) obtained under laboratory conditions are discussed. An average of 40 prey species was offered to each individual during each separate experiment. Individual P. melanarius in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine eat zoophages of the I, II, and III orders, phytosaprophages and phytophages. Most ground beetle individuals prefer phytophages (up to 85%) in laboratory experiments, but certain individuals eat mostly zoophages of the II order, which make up more than 90% in their ration. The trophic preferences of P. melanarius can be classified into 5 clusters. In each of the clusters, there are representatives of 3 or 4 orders that belong to different trophic groups. One third of P. melanarius individuals feed on the representatives of the Lumbricomorpha order, one quarter on prey items from the Coleoptera and Isopoda orders. In 30% of the individuals studied it is difficult to single out a dominant taxonomic group in the feeding spectrum. During our laboratory experiments half the P. melanarius individuals selected prey items with a body mass of less than their own weight, others selected prey items that exceeded their own size. No distinct dependence exists between the individual variation in the trophic spectra of P. melanarius and their morphometric characteristics. Thus, P. melanarius is able to influence differentially various trophic, size-and-weight and taxonomic groups of invertebrate animals, producing a significant effect on the structure of invertebrate animal communities of the leaf litter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Data on the selection of food items by Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) obtained under laboratory conditions are discussed. An average of 40 prey species was offered to each individual during each separate experiment. Individual P. melanarius in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine eat zoophages of the I, II, and III orders, phytosaprophages and phytophages. Most ground beetle individuals prefer phytophages (up to 85%) in laboratory experiments, but certain individuals eat mostly zoophages of the II order, which make up more than 90% in their ration. The trophic preferences of P. melanarius can be classified into 5 clusters. In each of the clusters, there are representatives of 3 or 4 orders that belong to different trophic groups. One third of P. melanarius individuals feed on the representatives of the Lumbricomorpha order, one quarter on prey items from the Coleoptera and Isopoda orders. In 30% of the individuals studied it is difficult to single out a dominant taxonomic group in the feeding spectrum. During our laboratory experiments half the P. melanarius individuals selected prey items with a body mass of less than their own weight, others selected prey items that exceeded their own size. No distinct dependence exists between the individual variation in the trophic spectra of P. melanarius and their morphometric characteristics. Thus, P. melanarius is able to influence differentially various trophic, size-and-weight and taxonomic groups of invertebrate animals, producing a significant effect on the structure of invertebrate animal communities of the leaf litter. |
Kubišta, R Evaluation of the greenery in historic park in Beladice-Beladice, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 44-52, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kubišta2014, title = {Evaluation of the greenery in historic park in Beladice-Beladice, Slovakia}, author = {R. Kubišta}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_44to52.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {44-52}, abstract = {The work is a part of broader research of historic parks in the South-western region of Slovakia. Beladice is a small village 20 km from Nitra; composed of 4 former villages; the largest one carries the name Beladice. In each of them there is a manor surrounded by a park. Late baroque styled manor rebuilt at the end of 19th century has had an added functionalistic wing since 20th century. Park laid out on 6.6 ha and 2.4 ha was last time treated by Michal Strnad in 1906-07. In 2012 a plant inventory of the whole park was made using an author’s method. 800 trees, 35 shrubs and 65 groups of natural seedlings have been evaluated. Altogether 67 taxa were identified; from which 36 are broad-leaved trees, 23 conifers and 8 shrub species. The result of the stock taking is felling proposal for the ill, dangerous and compositionally unsuitable trees. The average health state of the trees is 3.55; their average compositional value is 3.25 and 50% of the plants should be removed due to the overgrown outplantings and lack of maintenance for over last 20 years.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The work is a part of broader research of historic parks in the South-western region of Slovakia. Beladice is a small village 20 km from Nitra; composed of 4 former villages; the largest one carries the name Beladice. In each of them there is a manor surrounded by a park. Late baroque styled manor rebuilt at the end of 19th century has had an added functionalistic wing since 20th century. Park laid out on 6.6 ha and 2.4 ha was last time treated by Michal Strnad in 1906-07. In 2012 a plant inventory of the whole park was made using an author’s method. 800 trees, 35 shrubs and 65 groups of natural seedlings have been evaluated. Altogether 67 taxa were identified; from which 36 are broad-leaved trees, 23 conifers and 8 shrub species. The result of the stock taking is felling proposal for the ill, dangerous and compositionally unsuitable trees. The average health state of the trees is 3.55; their average compositional value is 3.25 and 50% of the plants should be removed due to the overgrown outplantings and lack of maintenance for over last 20 years. |
Kuklová, M; Hniličková, H; Hnilička, F; Kukla, J Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of dominant plant species in fir-beech ecosystems affected by air pollution Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 53-61, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kuklová2014b, title = {Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of dominant plant species in fir-beech ecosystems affected by air pollution}, author = {M. Kuklová and H. Hniličková and F. Hnilička and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_53to61.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {53-61}, abstract = {Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of assimilatory organs of 4 dominant plant species were studied in fir-beech ecosystems (80-100-year-old stand) and parallel clear-cut area (10-year-old stand) in locality Hliníky situated in the buffer zone of the Slovenský raj National Park. Studied ecosystems are located on the area affected by human activities. The achieved results showed that the influence of stand climate and habitat conditions differentiated the measured characteristics. Significantly higher photosynthesis was observed in assimilatory organs of F. sylvatica, R. idaeus, D. filix-mas and V. myrtillus species in the fir-beech stand (range 5.79–16.10 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1) compared to the clear-cut area (range 4.54–12.89 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). V. myrtillus and F. sylvatica species reacted sensitively with significantly lower values of stomatal conductance (0.24, respectively 0.26 mol m–2 s–1) in clear-cut area; R. idaeus and D. filix-mas showed significantly lower values (0.57, respectively 0.29 mol m–2 s–1) in the fir-beech stand. Reduction of Fv/Fm under physiological limit was found for F. sylvatica species growing in clear-cut area, where the file of habitat conditions was not probably optimal. Energy content in phytomass of studied plant species varied from 18,511 J g–1 (R. idaeus) to 20,551 J g–1 (V. myrtillus). Significantly higher was only the mean value found for D. filix-mas species growing in the fir-beech stand (19,049 J g–1) compared to the clear-cut area (18,561 J g–1).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of assimilatory organs of 4 dominant plant species were studied in fir-beech ecosystems (80-100-year-old stand) and parallel clear-cut area (10-year-old stand) in locality Hliníky situated in the buffer zone of the Slovenský raj National Park. Studied ecosystems are located on the area affected by human activities. The achieved results showed that the influence of stand climate and habitat conditions differentiated the measured characteristics. Significantly higher photosynthesis was observed in assimilatory organs of F. sylvatica, R. idaeus, D. filix-mas and V. myrtillus species in the fir-beech stand (range 5.79–16.10 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1) compared to the clear-cut area (range 4.54–12.89 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). V. myrtillus and F. sylvatica species reacted sensitively with significantly lower values of stomatal conductance (0.24, respectively 0.26 mol m–2 s–1) in clear-cut area; R. idaeus and D. filix-mas showed significantly lower values (0.57, respectively 0.29 mol m–2 s–1) in the fir-beech stand. Reduction of Fv/Fm under physiological limit was found for F. sylvatica species growing in clear-cut area, where the file of habitat conditions was not probably optimal. Energy content in phytomass of studied plant species varied from 18,511 J g–1 (R. idaeus) to 20,551 J g–1 (V. myrtillus). Significantly higher was only the mean value found for D. filix-mas species growing in the fir-beech stand (19,049 J g–1) compared to the clear-cut area (18,561 J g–1). |
Mihál, I; Cicák, A; Tsakov, H Selected biotic vectors transmitting beech bark necrotic disease in Central and South-Eastern Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 62-74, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2014b, title = {Selected biotic vectors transmitting beech bark necrotic disease in Central and South-Eastern Europe}, author = {I. Mihál and A. Cicák and H. Tsakov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_62to74.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {62-74}, abstract = {The authors mapped occurrence of three biotic vectors of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark necrotic disease: beech lice Cryptococcus fagi Bärensp. and moths Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller and Ectoedemia liebwerdella Zim. in several countries in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The role of these species in European beech pathology is discussed. We have found a massive occurrence of C. fagi in all the localities, with frequency values reaching up to 100%. The occurrence of beech lice was not limited by the locality altitude. The butterfly E. liebwerdella generally occurred in most localities, with exception of Poland and Romania. In contrast to C. fagi, occurrence of E. liebwerdella was limited by altitude. The upper occurrence limit in Slovakia was 800 m a.s.l., in Bulgaria it was 1,220 m a.s.l. (32%) and infrequent in 1,380 m a.s.l. (only 4%). The butterfly B. ulmella occurred everywhere, apart from Poland. Its frequency was always lower than that of C. fagi and E. liebwerdella. The maximum value (91%) was found in Slovakia in a beech stand strongly affected with airborne pollutants in the past. Our results show that the upper occurrence limit for this species was 900 m a.s.l. in Slovakia and 1,250 m a.s.l. (4%) in Bulgaria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The authors mapped occurrence of three biotic vectors of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark necrotic disease: beech lice Cryptococcus fagi Bärensp. and moths Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller and Ectoedemia liebwerdella Zim. in several countries in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The role of these species in European beech pathology is discussed. We have found a massive occurrence of C. fagi in all the localities, with frequency values reaching up to 100%. The occurrence of beech lice was not limited by the locality altitude. The butterfly E. liebwerdella generally occurred in most localities, with exception of Poland and Romania. In contrast to C. fagi, occurrence of E. liebwerdella was limited by altitude. The upper occurrence limit in Slovakia was 800 m a.s.l., in Bulgaria it was 1,220 m a.s.l. (32%) and infrequent in 1,380 m a.s.l. (only 4%). The butterfly B. ulmella occurred everywhere, apart from Poland. Its frequency was always lower than that of C. fagi and E. liebwerdella. The maximum value (91%) was found in Slovakia in a beech stand strongly affected with airborne pollutants in the past. Our results show that the upper occurrence limit for this species was 900 m a.s.l. in Slovakia and 1,250 m a.s.l. (4%) in Bulgaria. |
Schieber, B Effect of altitude on phenology of selected forest plant species in Slovakia (Western Carpathians) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 75-81, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schieber2014, title = {Effect of altitude on phenology of selected forest plant species in Slovakia (Western Carpathians)}, author = {B. Schieber}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_75to81.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {75-81}, abstract = {Phenological response of selected forest plant species to different ecological conditions along the altitudinal gradient were studied during the period of 5 years (2007–2011). Leafing as well as flowering phenophases were investigated within two herb species (Dentaria bulbifera and Galium odoratum) and three shrubs (Prunus spinosa, Rubus idaeus and Sambucus nigra), respectively. Altitudinal gradient was expressed by different altitude sites situated in Burda Mts (200 m a.s.l.), in Kremnické vrchy Mts (500 m a.s.l.) and in Poľana Mts (≥900 m a.s.l.) belonging to Western Carpathians. On average, the earliest onset of the phenophases was found in the low-lying sites and vice versa. For vegetative phenophases, phenological gradient expressing the shift in onset of the phenophases along the gradient reached the mean values from +2.7 to +3.6 days per 100 m. In the case of generative phases (flowering) within the species, the gradient moved from +3.0 to +4.3 days per 100 m of an altitude increase. Interannual variability in onsets of phenophases was also determined.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phenological response of selected forest plant species to different ecological conditions along the altitudinal gradient were studied during the period of 5 years (2007–2011). Leafing as well as flowering phenophases were investigated within two herb species (Dentaria bulbifera and Galium odoratum) and three shrubs (Prunus spinosa, Rubus idaeus and Sambucus nigra), respectively. Altitudinal gradient was expressed by different altitude sites situated in Burda Mts (200 m a.s.l.), in Kremnické vrchy Mts (500 m a.s.l.) and in Poľana Mts (≥900 m a.s.l.) belonging to Western Carpathians. On average, the earliest onset of the phenophases was found in the low-lying sites and vice versa. For vegetative phenophases, phenological gradient expressing the shift in onset of the phenophases along the gradient reached the mean values from +2.7 to +3.6 days per 100 m. In the case of generative phases (flowering) within the species, the gradient moved from +3.0 to +4.3 days per 100 m of an altitude increase. Interannual variability in onsets of phenophases was also determined. |
Šimková, I; Kuklová, M; Kukla, J Accumulation of Ct and Nt in humus and mineral soil layers: the effect of change of tree species composition in nudal beech forests Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 82-91, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Šimková2014b, title = {Accumulation of C_{t} and N_{t} in humus and mineral soil layers: the effect of change of tree species composition in nudal beech forests}, author = {I. Šimková and M. Kuklová and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_82to91.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {82-91}, abstract = {The effect of change of tree species composition on the content of carbon and nitrogen in surface humus and mineral soil layers was studied in the Kremnické vrchy Mts, in the phytocoenoses of forest type group Fagetum pauper. Research was conducted in six forest stands, which represented the natural mature beech stand and five changed stands – birch, spruce, larch, pine and beech pole stage. The research results showed that change of tree species composition had a partial influence on the content of Ct and Nt in soil layers of analyzed phytocoenoses. It was reflected the most in surface humus and topsoil 0–5 cm layers. The highest Ct content was found in surface humus of coniferous stands; in the case of Nt it was in humus horizons of deciduous trees. In the mineral soil layers significantly higher contents of Ct and Nt were found in coniferous stands, in comparison with deciduous stands. Forest stands with changed tree species composition showed a higher content of studied elements in humus horizons as well as in mineral soil layers. In deciduous stands higher C/N ratio was found in mineral layers in comparison with coniferous stands. Stands with changed tree species composition had higher C / N ratio in the subhorizons Ool, and towards to the depth profiles it decreased. Statistically significant differences were found out only in the 0–5 cm soil layers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effect of change of tree species composition on the content of carbon and nitrogen in surface humus and mineral soil layers was studied in the Kremnické vrchy Mts, in the phytocoenoses of forest type group Fagetum pauper. Research was conducted in six forest stands, which represented the natural mature beech stand and five changed stands – birch, spruce, larch, pine and beech pole stage. The research results showed that change of tree species composition had a partial influence on the content of Ct and Nt in soil layers of analyzed phytocoenoses. It was reflected the most in surface humus and topsoil 0–5 cm layers. The highest Ct content was found in surface humus of coniferous stands; in the case of Nt it was in humus horizons of deciduous trees. In the mineral soil layers significantly higher contents of Ct and Nt were found in coniferous stands, in comparison with deciduous stands. Forest stands with changed tree species composition showed a higher content of studied elements in humus horizons as well as in mineral soil layers. In deciduous stands higher C/N ratio was found in mineral layers in comparison with coniferous stands. Stands with changed tree species composition had higher C / N ratio in the subhorizons Ool, and towards to the depth profiles it decreased. Statistically significant differences were found out only in the 0–5 cm soil layers. |
Tobiašová, E; Dębska, B; Banach-Szott, M Soil structure and soil organic matter of different ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 92-99, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Dębska2014, title = {Soil structure and soil organic matter of different ecosystems}, author = {E. Tobiašová and B. Dębska and M. Banach-Szott}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_92to99.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {92-99}, abstract = {In this study, the soil structure of six soils of different ecosystems in Slovakia was compared. The stability of organic matter inside of aggregates was assessed through the carbon parameters – the index of carbon lability (LIc), carbon pool index (CPI), and carbon management index (CMI). The soil structure of different ecosystems was compared through the proportion of water-resistant macro-aggregates (WMA) and the parameters of soil structure – the coefficient of vulnerability (Kv), aggregates stability index (Sw), critical soil organic matter content (St), and index of crusting (Ic). The quality of soil structure was decreasing in the following order: forest ecosystem (FE) > agro-ecosystem (AE) > meadow ecosystem (ME) > grassy urban ecosystem (UE). In the FE, the WMA of the 1–3 mm size fraction had the highest proportion and in case of AE the highest proportion had WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. The highest content of labile carbon was incorporated into aggregates of the FE and the highest stabi-lity of organic matter was in the aggregates of the ME. According to parameter CMI, labile components are better protected in the smaller aggregates. An important indicator for the assessing of the ecosystem impact is WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. Increased proportion of this aggregate fraction refers to the deterioration of soil structure.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, the soil structure of six soils of different ecosystems in Slovakia was compared. The stability of organic matter inside of aggregates was assessed through the carbon parameters – the index of carbon lability (LIc), carbon pool index (CPI), and carbon management index (CMI). The soil structure of different ecosystems was compared through the proportion of water-resistant macro-aggregates (WMA) and the parameters of soil structure – the coefficient of vulnerability (Kv), aggregates stability index (Sw), critical soil organic matter content (St), and index of crusting (Ic). The quality of soil structure was decreasing in the following order: forest ecosystem (FE) > agro-ecosystem (AE) > meadow ecosystem (ME) > grassy urban ecosystem (UE). In the FE, the WMA of the 1–3 mm size fraction had the highest proportion and in case of AE the highest proportion had WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. The highest content of labile carbon was incorporated into aggregates of the FE and the highest stabi-lity of organic matter was in the aggregates of the ME. According to parameter CMI, labile components are better protected in the smaller aggregates. An important indicator for the assessing of the ecosystem impact is WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. Increased proportion of this aggregate fraction refers to the deterioration of soil structure. |
Voleková, M; Krajmerová, D; Paule, L; Zhelev, P; Gömöry, D Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 100-105, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Voleková2014, title = {Natural hybridization in the genus \textit{Abies}: II. Mitochondrial variation in the hybridogenous complex \textit{Abies alba} – \textit{A. borisii-regis} – \textit{A. cephalonica}}, author = {M. Voleková and D. Krajmerová and L. Paule and P. Zhelev and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_100to105.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {100-105}, abstract = {Twenty nine fir populations originating from the putative zones of interspecific hybridization in southern Balkans were studied using a mitochondrial nad5-4 gene marker. The populations were classified to three taxa based on their geographical distribution and an overall taxonomical assessment at the population level based on needle and twig morphology: Abies alba Mill., Abies cephalonica Loud. and Abies borisii regis Mattf. Three haplotypes were found: 230 bp in Calabrian A. alba populations, 150 bp in Bulgarian and Macedonian A. alba populations, and 341 bp in A. cephalonica populations. Populations from central and northern Greece, classified as A. borisii regis, shared the 150 bp and 341 bp haplotypes with their closest neighbours, whereby haplotype frequencies changed clinally along the latitudinal gradient. This geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes supports the hypothesis that A. borisii regis represents a relatively recent hybrid swarm.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Twenty nine fir populations originating from the putative zones of interspecific hybridization in southern Balkans were studied using a mitochondrial nad5-4 gene marker. The populations were classified to three taxa based on their geographical distribution and an overall taxonomical assessment at the population level based on needle and twig morphology: Abies alba Mill., Abies cephalonica Loud. and Abies borisii regis Mattf. Three haplotypes were found: 230 bp in Calabrian A. alba populations, 150 bp in Bulgarian and Macedonian A. alba populations, and 341 bp in A. cephalonica populations. Populations from central and northern Greece, classified as A. borisii regis, shared the 150 bp and 341 bp haplotypes with their closest neighbours, whereby haplotype frequencies changed clinally along the latitudinal gradient. This geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes supports the hypothesis that A. borisii regis represents a relatively recent hybrid swarm. |
➤ Volume 40(2) 2013
Benčaťová, B; Koprda, J; Benčať, T The shrub and Black Locust communities of chosen parts of the Hron downs, the Slovak Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 157-162, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Benčaťová2013, title = {The shrub and Black Locust communities of chosen parts of the Hron downs, the Slovak Republic}, author = {B. Benčaťová and J. Koprda and T. Benčať}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Bencatova-2.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {157-162}, abstract = {The scrubland and Black Locust phytocoenoses belong to the substitute communities which constitute an important component in present cultural landscape. They arose and evolved according to certain rules. Their presence and arrangement is mainly dependent on the type of agricultural land. In the study area, around the Arborétum Mlyňany, these systems have become a permanent component of the vegetation. In our article there are given phytocenological and ecological characteristics of scrubland and Black Locust forest stands in the municipalities of Vieska nad Žitavou, Tesárske Mlyňany and Slepčany. Within the scrubland we determined association Ligustro-Prunetum R.Tx. 1952 with the ecological variations of Prunus spinosa and Vitis vinifera and within the Black Locust we determined association Chelidonio-Robinietum Jurko 1963, with ecological variant with Hedera helix and with facias with Rubus caesius and Vinca minor and association Bromo sterilis- Robinietum Jurko 1963 prov. For the allocation of communities were used numerical methods (JUICE, TWINSPAN), ecological analysis was conducted in the program JUICE. On the basis of the performed ecological analysis we can conclude that the communities are very similar in their ecological claims.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The scrubland and Black Locust phytocoenoses belong to the substitute communities which constitute an important component in present cultural landscape. They arose and evolved according to certain rules. Their presence and arrangement is mainly dependent on the type of agricultural land. In the study area, around the Arborétum Mlyňany, these systems have become a permanent component of the vegetation. In our article there are given phytocenological and ecological characteristics of scrubland and Black Locust forest stands in the municipalities of Vieska nad Žitavou, Tesárske Mlyňany and Slepčany. Within the scrubland we determined association Ligustro-Prunetum R.Tx. 1952 with the ecological variations of Prunus spinosa and Vitis vinifera and within the Black Locust we determined association Chelidonio-Robinietum Jurko 1963, with ecological variant with Hedera helix and with facias with Rubus caesius and Vinca minor and association Bromo sterilis- Robinietum Jurko 1963 prov. For the allocation of communities were used numerical methods (JUICE, TWINSPAN), ecological analysis was conducted in the program JUICE. On the basis of the performed ecological analysis we can conclude that the communities are very similar in their ecological claims. |
Ferus, P; Barta, M; Konôpková, J; Turčeková, S; Maňka, P; Bibeň, T Diversity in honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) seed traits across Danube basin Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 163-169, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferus2013c, title = {Diversity in honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) seed traits across Danube basin}, author = {P. Ferus and M. Barta and J. Konôpková and S. Turčeková and P. Maňka and T. Bibeň}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ferus.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {163-169}, abstract = {Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), in the past planted as ornamental, technical or forest tree, is presently considered as casually invasive tree in Danube basin. Since plant invasiveness is usually tightly associated with its reproduction biology, in this work we focused on characterization of seeds from honey locust populations across this area. Analysing seed coat colour, thousand seeds weight (TSW), seed projection area, seed thickness, percentage of germinated seeds and their germination energy, as well as portion of seeds infested by honey locust seed beetle (Megabruchidius tonkineus), consumed part of seeds and their germination ability in relation to seed characteristics, local temperature means and precipitation sums during vegetation period, we came to the following conclusions: seed coat colour diversity decreases with geographical latitude; TSW, seed projection area and thickness were negatively correlated to mean temperature and positively to precipitation sum; between percentage of naturally germinated seeds and TSW as well as seed thickness we found positive correlations; germination energy showed positive relation to mean temperature and a negative one to precipitation sum; and the same relations were observed for infested seeds percentage and consumed seed part. No infested seed was able to germinate. From these results we can conclude that in colder and wetter conditions higher seed germinability, and in warmer and drier conditions enhanced germination energy of seeds supports spreading of this tree species. However, honey locust seed beetle can significantly affect seed germinability in regions with warm and dry summers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), in the past planted as ornamental, technical or forest tree, is presently considered as casually invasive tree in Danube basin. Since plant invasiveness is usually tightly associated with its reproduction biology, in this work we focused on characterization of seeds from honey locust populations across this area. Analysing seed coat colour, thousand seeds weight (TSW), seed projection area, seed thickness, percentage of germinated seeds and their germination energy, as well as portion of seeds infested by honey locust seed beetle (Megabruchidius tonkineus), consumed part of seeds and their germination ability in relation to seed characteristics, local temperature means and precipitation sums during vegetation period, we came to the following conclusions: seed coat colour diversity decreases with geographical latitude; TSW, seed projection area and thickness were negatively correlated to mean temperature and positively to precipitation sum; between percentage of naturally germinated seeds and TSW as well as seed thickness we found positive correlations; germination energy showed positive relation to mean temperature and a negative one to precipitation sum; and the same relations were observed for infested seeds percentage and consumed seed part. No infested seed was able to germinate. From these results we can conclude that in colder and wetter conditions higher seed germinability, and in warmer and drier conditions enhanced germination energy of seeds supports spreading of this tree species. However, honey locust seed beetle can significantly affect seed germinability in regions with warm and dry summers. |
Fornal-Pienak, B Diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region in Poland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 170-175, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Fornal-Pienak2013, title = {Diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region in Poland}, author = {B. Fornal-Pienak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Pieniak.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {170-175}, abstract = {The paper is focused on diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region. The research was done in 20 historical parks. Parks were established in XVIII–XIX centuries (landscape historic style) on oak-hornbeam habitat. Nowadays these parks are without anthropic pressure since II World War. The methodology included two research stages: field research and indoor studies. Research assumed flora and syntaxonomic analysis. The field research was done in years 2010–2012, including 70 phytosociological records on the area 500 m2. Plant species are represented by natural, semi-natural and synantropical vegetation. There was observed impact for migration species from surroundings areas in study areas.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper is focused on diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region. The research was done in 20 historical parks. Parks were established in XVIII–XIX centuries (landscape historic style) on oak-hornbeam habitat. Nowadays these parks are without anthropic pressure since II World War. The methodology included two research stages: field research and indoor studies. Research assumed flora and syntaxonomic analysis. The field research was done in years 2010–2012, including 70 phytosociological records on the area 500 m2. Plant species are represented by natural, semi-natural and synantropical vegetation. There was observed impact for migration species from surroundings areas in study areas. |
Galgóci, M; Maňka, P; Kormuťák, A; Čamek, V; Gömöry, D Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 176-180, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Galgóci2013, title = {Differentiation of some interspecific hybrids of firs (Abies sp.) according to the length of primary branches and number of their secondary branches}, author = {M. Galgóci and P. Maňka and A. Kormuťák and V. Čamek and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Galgoci.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {176-180}, abstract = {During 2011, the length of primary branches was measured in individual seedlings of firs representing 15 crossing variants. Measured branches were divided into separate groups according to the number of secondary twigs. Our data indicate the possibility for differentiation between the hybrid combinations based on length of their primary branches. The interspecific combinations A. pinsapo × A. alba and A. alba × A. pinsapo were more similar to mother species in this trait rather than to paternal parent. A given combination of different age differed primarily by the number of primary branches with a higher number of secondary branches in older seedlings. Comparison involving both primary and secondary branches appears to be more efficient in discriminating between hybrid combinations than comparison primary based on secondary branches alone.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During 2011, the length of primary branches was measured in individual seedlings of firs representing 15 crossing variants. Measured branches were divided into separate groups according to the number of secondary twigs. Our data indicate the possibility for differentiation between the hybrid combinations based on length of their primary branches. The interspecific combinations A. pinsapo × A. alba and A. alba × A. pinsapo were more similar to mother species in this trait rather than to paternal parent. A given combination of different age differed primarily by the number of primary branches with a higher number of secondary branches in older seedlings. Comparison involving both primary and secondary branches appears to be more efficient in discriminating between hybrid combinations than comparison primary based on secondary branches alone. |
Hoťka, P; Barta, M; Bibeň, T Study of the richest gene pool of trees and shrubs in Slovakia, in the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 181-187, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hoťka2013, title = {Study of the richest gene pool of trees and shrubs in Slovakia, in the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS}, author = {P. Hoťka and M. Barta and T. Bibeň}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hotka.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {181-187}, abstract = {An inventory of the gene pool of woody plants in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS was carried out in years 2001–2011. The results were summarized in 2012 to provide a data base for complete digitalisation of the living collections. This work discusses the history of introduction activities in the Arboretum, aged 120 years to this date. There are compared the results of introduction among the essential phases of building the woody plant collections. We discuss the characteristics of introduction of evergreen woody plants by the count Ambrózy-Migazzi (1892–1914), the phases of development of the research area of this academic institution from the year 1953 to the climax in the last 1990s, as well as the current state of its living collections. There are outlined possibilities for introducing new species into this park object.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An inventory of the gene pool of woody plants in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS was carried out in years 2001–2011. The results were summarized in 2012 to provide a data base for complete digitalisation of the living collections. This work discusses the history of introduction activities in the Arboretum, aged 120 years to this date. There are compared the results of introduction among the essential phases of building the woody plant collections. We discuss the characteristics of introduction of evergreen woody plants by the count Ambrózy-Migazzi (1892–1914), the phases of development of the research area of this academic institution from the year 1953 to the climax in the last 1990s, as well as the current state of its living collections. There are outlined possibilities for introducing new species into this park object. |
Ivanová, H Coniochaeta prunicola – causal factor involved in health state decline of selected trees of the genus Prunus Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 188-191, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2013c, title = {Coniochaeta prunicola – causal factor involved in health state decline of selected trees of the genus Prunus}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ivanova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {188-191}, abstract = {The record of Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) as a pathogen of host trees was described and illustrated from Nitra. This pathogen was isolated from symptomatic twigs and leaves of Prunus laurocerasus L. as well as from symptomatic leaves of Prunus persica Mill. and based on morphological attributes identified as a causative agent of this trees damage. C. prunicola is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, the fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly almond-shaped, ellipsoidal ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The record of Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) as a pathogen of host trees was described and illustrated from Nitra. This pathogen was isolated from symptomatic twigs and leaves of Prunus laurocerasus L. as well as from symptomatic leaves of Prunus persica Mill. and based on morphological attributes identified as a causative agent of this trees damage. C. prunicola is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, the fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly almond-shaped, ellipsoidal ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit. |
Konôpková, J; Bibeň, T Propagation of two selected species of the genus Pieris D. Don. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 192-200, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Konôpková2013, title = {Propagation of two selected species of the genus Pieris D. Don.}, author = {J. Konôpková and T. Bibeň}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Konopkova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {192-200}, abstract = {This work evaluates the results of propagation experiments of Mountain Pieris (Pieris floribunda /Pursh/ Benth. & Hook.) and Japanese Pieris (Pieris japonica /Thunb./ D. Don) we carried out in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS. The material was sampled from the two exemplars of these species growing in the Arboretum. The methods used were auto-vegetative propagation by cuttings and in vitro micropropagation. The response of the studied woody plant species varied according to the species and the method used. In Japanese Pieris, better results were achieved by vegetative propagation by cuttings; in Mountain Pieris, much more effective propagation method was micropropagation. We also studied the effect of climatic variables on the physiological conditions of the parent plants, and the overall rooting success in primary cultures obtained by micropropagation of Mountain Pieris. The data were recorded on each sampling event in the growing seasons 2011 and 2012. The process of micropropagation in Mountain Pieris was evaluated based on the production characteristics of the regenerants after the 3 rd sub-cultivation. The results confirmed statistically significant differences in the number of shoots/explants and in the concentration of chlorophyll a between the dates of the primary culture establishment. The maximum number of shoots/explants (10.9) was obtained in variant B (primary culture established on 07/21/2012) and the highest concentration of chlorophyll a 6.66 mg g –1 on dry matter was found in variant C (primary culture established on 08/24/2011).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work evaluates the results of propagation experiments of Mountain Pieris (Pieris floribunda /Pursh/ Benth. & Hook.) and Japanese Pieris (Pieris japonica /Thunb./ D. Don) we carried out in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS. The material was sampled from the two exemplars of these species growing in the Arboretum. The methods used were auto-vegetative propagation by cuttings and in vitro micropropagation. The response of the studied woody plant species varied according to the species and the method used. In Japanese Pieris, better results were achieved by vegetative propagation by cuttings; in Mountain Pieris, much more effective propagation method was micropropagation. We also studied the effect of climatic variables on the physiological conditions of the parent plants, and the overall rooting success in primary cultures obtained by micropropagation of Mountain Pieris. The data were recorded on each sampling event in the growing seasons 2011 and 2012. The process of micropropagation in Mountain Pieris was evaluated based on the production characteristics of the regenerants after the 3 rd sub-cultivation. The results confirmed statistically significant differences in the number of shoots/explants and in the concentration of chlorophyll a between the dates of the primary culture establishment. The maximum number of shoots/explants (10.9) was obtained in variant B (primary culture established on 07/21/2012) and the highest concentration of chlorophyll a 6.66 mg g –1 on dry matter was found in variant C (primary culture established on 08/24/2011). |
Kormuťák, A; Čamek, V; Branná, M; Čelková, M; Vooková, B; Maňka, P; Galgóci, M; Boleček, P; Gömöry, D Introgressive hybridization between Scots pine and mountain dwarf pine at two localities of northern Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 201-205, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kormuťák2013, title = {Introgressive hybridization between Scots pine and mountain dwarf pine at two localities of northern Slovakia}, author = {A. Kormuťák and V. Čamek and M. Branná and M. Čelková and B. Vooková and P. Maňka and M. Galgóci and P. Boleček and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kormutak.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {201-205}, abstract = {Introgressive hybridization within hybrid swarm populations of Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo was analyzed in the localities Medzi Bormi and Sokolie, northern Slovakia, using species-specific trnV-trnH/Hinf I restriction profiles of chloroplast DNA of needles and zygotic embryos. The presence of trees with both P. sylvestris and P. mugo haplotypes indicates hybrid nature of the swarms. Molecular analysis revealed a relatively high rate of introgressive hybridization between putatively hybrid swarm individuals and the parental trees of the pure species P. sylvestris and P. mugo growing in the same localities. The proportion of hybrid seeds with P. sylvestris pollen donor averaged at 30.3%, whereas those with pollen donor of P. mugo at 19.8%. The results are discussed within context of the established crossability relationship between P. sylvestris and P. mugo.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introgressive hybridization within hybrid swarm populations of Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo was analyzed in the localities Medzi Bormi and Sokolie, northern Slovakia, using species-specific trnV-trnH/Hinf I restriction profiles of chloroplast DNA of needles and zygotic embryos. The presence of trees with both P. sylvestris and P. mugo haplotypes indicates hybrid nature of the swarms. Molecular analysis revealed a relatively high rate of introgressive hybridization between putatively hybrid swarm individuals and the parental trees of the pure species P. sylvestris and P. mugo growing in the same localities. The proportion of hybrid seeds with P. sylvestris pollen donor averaged at 30.3%, whereas those with pollen donor of P. mugo at 19.8%. The results are discussed within context of the established crossability relationship between P. sylvestris and P. mugo. |
Kožnarova, V; Hájková, L; Bachanová, S; Richterová, D; Škvarenina, J Phenological season onsets in the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 206-219, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kožnarova2013, title = {Phenological season onsets in the Czech Republic}, author = {V. Kožnarova and L. Hájková and S. Bachanová and D. Richterová and J. Škvarenina}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Koznarova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {206-219}, abstract = {Phenological season onsets are defined according to the phenological stages onsets in typical plant species occurring in the Czech Republic. For processing phenological phases were chosen: beginning of flowering 10% of Corylus avellana L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert. and Galanthus nivalis L. (pre-early spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Cerasus avium (L.) Moench, Betula pendula Roth. and Acer platanoides L. (early spring); fully leaved Betula pendula Roth., Acer platanoides L. and Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. (full spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Tilia cordata Mill., Sambucus nigra L. and Dactylis glomerata L. (early summer); full ripeness of Sambucus nigra L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. (full summer); leaves colouring 10% of Betula pendula L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (early autumn); leaves fall 100% of Sambucus nigra L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (end of autumn). The season onsets were calculated from 40 phenological stations in the Czech Republic within 1991–2010. Phenological season onsets were executed by GIS methods (Clidata-DEM) into maps. The effect of altitude on the phenological phase onset and duration of selected phenological period (flowering and ripening of black elder) is described in phenotermopluviogram at selected stations (Lednice, 155 m a.s.l.; Měděnec 830 m a.s.l.).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phenological season onsets are defined according to the phenological stages onsets in typical plant species occurring in the Czech Republic. For processing phenological phases were chosen: beginning of flowering 10% of Corylus avellana L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert. and Galanthus nivalis L. (pre-early spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Cerasus avium (L.) Moench, Betula pendula Roth. and Acer platanoides L. (early spring); fully leaved Betula pendula Roth., Acer platanoides L. and Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. (full spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Tilia cordata Mill., Sambucus nigra L. and Dactylis glomerata L. (early summer); full ripeness of Sambucus nigra L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. (full summer); leaves colouring 10% of Betula pendula L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (early autumn); leaves fall 100% of Sambucus nigra L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (end of autumn). The season onsets were calculated from 40 phenological stations in the Czech Republic within 1991–2010. Phenological season onsets were executed by GIS methods (Clidata-DEM) into maps. The effect of altitude on the phenological phase onset and duration of selected phenological period (flowering and ripening of black elder) is described in phenotermopluviogram at selected stations (Lednice, 155 m a.s.l.; Měděnec 830 m a.s.l.). |
Kunca, A; Leontovyč, R Pines dieback caused by Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. in Slovakia in 2012 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 220-224, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kunca2013, title = {Pines dieback caused by Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. in Slovakia in 2012}, author = {A. Kunca and R. Leontovyč}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kunca.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {220-224}, abstract = {Serious pine dieback was reported in early spring 2012 from several localities in Slovakia. Needle and bark necrosis turning to twig cankers were the most conspicuous symptoms. There were no or at least not significant damages caused by bark beetles, leaf eating insects, root rots neither tracheomycosis. Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton was also excluded as the main pest agent, which played an important role in Pinus nigra Arnold dieback from 2000 to 2007. Laboratory examination revealed Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. as the agent responsible for that dieback. The knowledge on the pine dieback based on the field investigation and laboratory studies are presented and the reasons of the predisposing factors are discussed in the following paper.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Serious pine dieback was reported in early spring 2012 from several localities in Slovakia. Needle and bark necrosis turning to twig cankers were the most conspicuous symptoms. There were no or at least not significant damages caused by bark beetles, leaf eating insects, root rots neither tracheomycosis. Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton was also excluded as the main pest agent, which played an important role in Pinus nigra Arnold dieback from 2000 to 2007. Laboratory examination revealed Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. as the agent responsible for that dieback. The knowledge on the pine dieback based on the field investigation and laboratory studies are presented and the reasons of the predisposing factors are discussed in the following paper. |
Pastorella, F; Paletto, A A comparative analysis of image processing softwares to indirect estimation of leaf area index in forest ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 225-236, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pastorella2013, title = {A comparative analysis of image processing softwares to indirect estimation of leaf area index in forest ecosystems}, author = {F. Pastorella and A. Paletto}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Pastorella.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {225-236}, abstract = {The leaf area of vegetation can be expressed in terms of leaf area index (LAI). This index depends on species composition, developmental stage, prevailing site conditions, seasonality and management practices. LAI is an important ecological parameter because vegetation-atmosphere processes of the canopy are controlled by the foliage. It can be estimated with hemispherical photographs using some commercial and free softwares. The choice of the software and the settings of parameters are two fundamental aspects to obtain suitable data. The paper focuses on the comparative analysis of the LAI data obtained with three image processing softwares (Spot Light Intercept Model, Gap Light Analyzer and WinScanopy) in a case study in Italy. The data were analyzed in a qualitative and quantitative way. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed statistically significant differences among the three softwares. WinScanopy provides lower LAI values than the other two softwares. The same non-parametric test distinguishing per forest type and forest age showed statistically significant differences among softwares in three forest types (silver fir, Norway spruce and beech forests) and in the young stands. Instead, no statistically significant differences were found in the mature stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The leaf area of vegetation can be expressed in terms of leaf area index (LAI). This index depends on species composition, developmental stage, prevailing site conditions, seasonality and management practices. LAI is an important ecological parameter because vegetation-atmosphere processes of the canopy are controlled by the foliage. It can be estimated with hemispherical photographs using some commercial and free softwares. The choice of the software and the settings of parameters are two fundamental aspects to obtain suitable data. The paper focuses on the comparative analysis of the LAI data obtained with three image processing softwares (Spot Light Intercept Model, Gap Light Analyzer and WinScanopy) in a case study in Italy. The data were analyzed in a qualitative and quantitative way. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed statistically significant differences among the three softwares. WinScanopy provides lower LAI values than the other two softwares. The same non-parametric test distinguishing per forest type and forest age showed statistically significant differences among softwares in three forest types (silver fir, Norway spruce and beech forests) and in the young stands. Instead, no statistically significant differences were found in the mature stands. |
Polláková, N; Macák, M; Horvátová, M Selected properties of soil in Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy, Slovakia, Danube plain Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 237-242, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2013, title = {Selected properties of soil in Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy, Slovakia, Danube plain}, author = {N. Polláková and M. Macák and M. Horvátová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Pollakova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {237-242}, abstract = {Sufficient knowledge about wetlands, which belong to the most threatened ecosystems in the world, can contribute to their maintaining or recovery. In this work selected properties of three soil profiles in Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy were characterized. On studied area, the soil forming substrate was represented by floodplain sediments of the rivers Žitava and Nitra on which Calcaric Fluvisol was developed. With comparison to soil profiles 1 and 2 dug on the left and right bank of river Žitava, soil profile 3 dug near confluence of the rivers Nitra and Žitava contained distinctly higher percentage of clay and had higher porosity, pH values and higher carbonates content. On the contrary, the lowest values of hydrolytic acidity, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity were found in soil profile 3, mainly in Fvc/Gl and Glp horizons. It can be assumed that in this profile the majority of base cations, mainly Ca 2+ , were bound with CO 32– anions to solid particles or were part of shell fragments. Obtained results showed, that soil properties in NR Alúvium Žitavy were distinctly influenced by different sediments deposited by the river Nitra versus Žitava and ground water level.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sufficient knowledge about wetlands, which belong to the most threatened ecosystems in the world, can contribute to their maintaining or recovery. In this work selected properties of three soil profiles in Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy were characterized. On studied area, the soil forming substrate was represented by floodplain sediments of the rivers Žitava and Nitra on which Calcaric Fluvisol was developed. With comparison to soil profiles 1 and 2 dug on the left and right bank of river Žitava, soil profile 3 dug near confluence of the rivers Nitra and Žitava contained distinctly higher percentage of clay and had higher porosity, pH values and higher carbonates content. On the contrary, the lowest values of hydrolytic acidity, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity were found in soil profile 3, mainly in Fvc/Gl and Glp horizons. It can be assumed that in this profile the majority of base cations, mainly Ca 2+ , were bound with CO 32– anions to solid particles or were part of shell fragments. Obtained results showed, that soil properties in NR Alúvium Žitavy were distinctly influenced by different sediments deposited by the river Nitra versus Žitava and ground water level. |
Priwitzer, T; Čaboun, V Ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in high-productive mixed forests of the Poľana Mts in Central Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 243-250, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Priwitzer2013, title = {Ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in high-productive mixed forests of the Poľana Mts in Central Slovakia}, author = {T. Priwitzer and V. Čaboun}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Priwitzer.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {243-250}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in high- productive mixed forests of the Slovak Poľana Mountain. This research was performed in the research and demonstration object Poľana - Hukavský grúň. The radiation, temperature and humidity regimes, as well as daily dynamic of photosynthetic activity and electric resistance of cambial tissue are presented within the whole beech crown profile. The impact of meteorological conditions on selected physiological processes was studied. The results confirmed close correlation between a diameter of trees d 1,3 and biofield, as well as between a biofield and cambial tissue’s electric resistance. The considerable differences in CO 2 uptake within individual beech crown layers were determined.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper presents the results of ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in high- productive mixed forests of the Slovak Poľana Mountain. This research was performed in the research and demonstration object Poľana - Hukavský grúň. The radiation, temperature and humidity regimes, as well as daily dynamic of photosynthetic activity and electric resistance of cambial tissue are presented within the whole beech crown profile. The impact of meteorological conditions on selected physiological processes was studied. The results confirmed close correlation between a diameter of trees d 1,3 and biofield, as well as between a biofield and cambial tissue’s electric resistance. The considerable differences in CO 2 uptake within individual beech crown layers were determined. |
Salaj, T; Fráterová, L; Cárach, M; Salaj, J Somatic embryogenesis: method for vegetative reproduction of conifers Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 251-255, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Salaj2013, title = {Somatic embryogenesis: method for vegetative reproduction of conifers}, author = {T. Salaj and L. Fráterová and M. Cárach and J. Salaj}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Salaj.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {251-255}, abstract = {For Pinus nigra Arn. somatic embryogenesis has been initiated from immature zygotic embryos enclosed in megagametophytes. The initiated embryogenic tissues contain bipolar structures – somatic embryos consisted of meristematic embryonal part and long vacuolised suspensor cells. The embryogenic tissues/ cultures are usually maintained on solid or liquid nutrient media. For long-term storage, recently the method of cryopreservation has been used to replace the time consuming regular transfers to nutrient media. The initiated cell lines represent individual genotypes and the structure of somatic embryos as well as their maturation is cell line dependent. The maturation of early somatic embryos occurs on media containing abscisic acid and osmotica. The process of somatic embryogenesis is completed by plantlet (somatic seedlings) regeneration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } For Pinus nigra Arn. somatic embryogenesis has been initiated from immature zygotic embryos enclosed in megagametophytes. The initiated embryogenic tissues contain bipolar structures – somatic embryos consisted of meristematic embryonal part and long vacuolised suspensor cells. The embryogenic tissues/ cultures are usually maintained on solid or liquid nutrient media. For long-term storage, recently the method of cryopreservation has been used to replace the time consuming regular transfers to nutrient media. The initiated cell lines represent individual genotypes and the structure of somatic embryos as well as their maturation is cell line dependent. The maturation of early somatic embryos occurs on media containing abscisic acid and osmotica. The process of somatic embryogenesis is completed by plantlet (somatic seedlings) regeneration. |
Schmidt, G Selection and breeding of stress-tolerant woody ornamentals for urban plantings Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 256-260, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schmidt2013, title = {Selection and breeding of stress-tolerant woody ornamentals for urban plantings}, author = {G. Schmidt}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Schmidt.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {256-260}, abstract = {Because of this geographic position, climate and soils, Hungary lends itself for selection of woody plants which tolerate environmental stresses. Selection and breeding of the woody ornamentals for extreme urban conditions started in the early 1950s at the former University of Horticulture and Food Industry (at present: the Faculty of Horticulture of Corvinus University), Budapest. The first results were 8 Sorbus, 3 Tilia and 2 other cultivars, and selected clones from Fraxinus, Cornus, Juniperus and others. In the recent 20 years, many new hardy cultivars and named clones are brought up, the most important of which are as follows: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle cv. Purple Dragon, Acer campestre L. cv. Zentai Upright`, Celtis occidentalis L. cv. Straight Stem, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge cv. Tahi, Hedera helix L. 9 cultivars, Platanus × hispanica Münchh. cv. Budapest, Prunus padus L. cv. Aurora, Prunus × davidopersica cv. Rubin (P. L. cv. Piroschka), Prunus tenella Batsch. cv. Pink Carpet, Pyrus nivalis Jascq. cv. Kartália, Salix matsudana K oidz . cv. Golden Spiral, Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb. cv. Smaragd, Tilia tomentosa M oench . cv. Zenta Silver, Tilia × euchlora K. Koch. cv. Saint Stephan.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Because of this geographic position, climate and soils, Hungary lends itself for selection of woody plants which tolerate environmental stresses. Selection and breeding of the woody ornamentals for extreme urban conditions started in the early 1950s at the former University of Horticulture and Food Industry (at present: the Faculty of Horticulture of Corvinus University), Budapest. The first results were 8 Sorbus, 3 Tilia and 2 other cultivars, and selected clones from Fraxinus, Cornus, Juniperus and others. In the recent 20 years, many new hardy cultivars and named clones are brought up, the most important of which are as follows: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle cv. Purple Dragon, Acer campestre L. cv. Zentai Upright`, Celtis occidentalis L. cv. Straight Stem, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge cv. Tahi, Hedera helix L. 9 cultivars, Platanus × hispanica Münchh. cv. Budapest, Prunus padus L. cv. Aurora, Prunus × davidopersica cv. Rubin (P. L. cv. Piroschka), Prunus tenella Batsch. cv. Pink Carpet, Pyrus nivalis Jascq. cv. Kartália, Salix matsudana K oidz . cv. Golden Spiral, Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb. cv. Smaragd, Tilia tomentosa M oench . cv. Zenta Silver, Tilia × euchlora K. Koch. cv. Saint Stephan. |
Schmidt, G; Sütöri-Diószegi, M Preservation and restoration of living plant collections on the example of the Buda Arboretum of Corvinus University, Budapest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 290-294, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schmidt2013b, title = {Preservation and restoration of living plant collections on the example of the Buda Arboretum of Corvinus University, Budapest}, author = {G. Schmidt and M. Sütöri-Diószegi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Schmidt_Sutori.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {290-294}, abstract = {The Buda Arboretum was initiated in the winter of 1893/94. Now it covers 7.5 hectares and is surrounded by the constantly growing city of Budapest. At present, the Arboretum is under very strong urban effect. Within the framework of a EU-project “Preservation and Restoration of Living Plant Collections and Historical Gardens” the Buda Arboretum was profoundly reconstructed and developed between 2010– 2012. There were reconstructed selected objects serving to special purposes, e.g.: 1. Special biotypes (garden pond and the surrounding wetland, rock-gardens, pergolas for the climbing plants; a retaining wall giving shelter for the Mediterranean collections; greenhouse as a biotope for tropical and subtropical plants), 2. The historic geometrical garden part (called Parade Square), 3. Ecological solutions for water supply, 4. Suppression of invasive species and development of Laurocerasus, Malus, Potentilla, Prunus, Syringa collections, wetland-perennials, collection of Hungarian bred woody ornamentals introduction and trial of new Mediterranean species, etc. After reconstruction, the plant material includes over 1,900 woody species and cultivars, more than 240 kinds of bulb-flowers, 500 different perennials, 250 annuals and round about 300 tropical and subtropical (greenhouse) taxa.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Buda Arboretum was initiated in the winter of 1893/94. Now it covers 7.5 hectares and is surrounded by the constantly growing city of Budapest. At present, the Arboretum is under very strong urban effect. Within the framework of a EU-project “Preservation and Restoration of Living Plant Collections and Historical Gardens” the Buda Arboretum was profoundly reconstructed and developed between 2010– 2012. There were reconstructed selected objects serving to special purposes, e.g.: 1. Special biotypes (garden pond and the surrounding wetland, rock-gardens, pergolas for the climbing plants; a retaining wall giving shelter for the Mediterranean collections; greenhouse as a biotope for tropical and subtropical plants), 2. The historic geometrical garden part (called Parade Square), 3. Ecological solutions for water supply, 4. Suppression of invasive species and development of Laurocerasus, Malus, Potentilla, Prunus, Syringa collections, wetland-perennials, collection of Hungarian bred woody ornamentals introduction and trial of new Mediterranean species, etc. After reconstruction, the plant material includes over 1,900 woody species and cultivars, more than 240 kinds of bulb-flowers, 500 different perennials, 250 annuals and round about 300 tropical and subtropical (greenhouse) taxa. |
Štefančík, I Effect of delayed tending on development of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) pole stage stand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 272-281, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Štefančík2013, title = {Effect of delayed tending on development of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) pole stage stand}, author = {I. Štefančík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Stefancik.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {272-281}, abstract = {The paper deals with assessment of the long-term experiment (45 years of investigation) in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand with delayed tending started at stand age of 60 years. The research was performed on four partial plots by different methods of their management: (i) plot with heavy thinning from below (C degree according to the German forest research institutes from 1902), (ii) plot with the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 5 years), (iii) plot with the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 10 years) and (iv) control plot (with no thinning). From qualitative point of view, the best results according to the number of target (crop) trees were found on plots tended by the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 5 years), and the worst on plots with heavy thinning from below and/or plot with no tending (control plot). Consequently, the results showed lower number of target (crop) trees in comparison with our assumption and/or the model developed for beech stands in the past. On the other hand, from quantitative point of view, the best results were achieved on plot tended by heavy thinning from below, followed by the plot with the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 5 years).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper deals with assessment of the long-term experiment (45 years of investigation) in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand with delayed tending started at stand age of 60 years. The research was performed on four partial plots by different methods of their management: (i) plot with heavy thinning from below (C degree according to the German forest research institutes from 1902), (ii) plot with the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 5 years), (iii) plot with the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 10 years) and (iv) control plot (with no thinning). From qualitative point of view, the best results according to the number of target (crop) trees were found on plots tended by the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 5 years), and the worst on plots with heavy thinning from below and/or plot with no tending (control plot). Consequently, the results showed lower number of target (crop) trees in comparison with our assumption and/or the model developed for beech stands in the past. On the other hand, from quantitative point of view, the best results were achieved on plot tended by heavy thinning from below, followed by the plot with the free crown thinning (thinning interval of 5 years). |
Strelková, M; Hečková, Z; Rózová, Z; Tirpáková, A; Markechová, D Influence of vegetation on microclimate in the urban environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 261-265, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Strelková2013, title = {Influence of vegetation on microclimate in the urban environment}, author = {M. Strelková and Z. Hečková and Z. Rózová and A. Tirpáková and D. Markechová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Strelkova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {261-265}, abstract = {There are many factors in the urban environment influencing its microclimate conditions. Vegetation is one of the main components participating in this process. Our study compares microclimatic factors (the air temperature and the air humidity) of two sites with different ratio between built-up area and greenery. The measurements have been realized in the chosen areas of the built-up area of Nitra town in the spring months of 2012. The aim of the research was to compare the air temperature and the air humidity depending on the percentage of the vegetation cover in the urban environment of the built-up area of Nitra town.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There are many factors in the urban environment influencing its microclimate conditions. Vegetation is one of the main components participating in this process. Our study compares microclimatic factors (the air temperature and the air humidity) of two sites with different ratio between built-up area and greenery. The measurements have been realized in the chosen areas of the built-up area of Nitra town in the spring months of 2012. The aim of the research was to compare the air temperature and the air humidity depending on the percentage of the vegetation cover in the urban environment of the built-up area of Nitra town. |
Supuka, J Development, changes and assessment of tree alleys in town streets Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 266-271, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Supuka2013, title = {Development, changes and assessment of tree alleys in town streets}, author = {J. Supuka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Supuka.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {266-271}, abstract = {Street tree alleys were started to plant as a part of great reconstruction of European and world cities after industrial revolution from the beginning of 19 th century. Important participation at first street alleys plantation have had decoration associations organised at town’s of Slovakia territory on 2 nd half of 19 th century. Street tree alleys and river embankments have wide spectrum of functions useful for man and improving of environmental conditions. In a new terminology we are talking on services those should be classified as follow: supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services. Street trees have high value at designing of the pedestrian zones and new squares. In Nitra town conditions we have assessed 26 most important street tree alleys. For this purpose was elaborated a new methodical approach, where besides basic biometrical dates the following tree characteristics were assessed: potential of environmental adaptability, potential of biology-ecological value, potential of culture value, potential of disturbing and undesirable influences. Each group of characteristics was valuated in three following levels of significance (1) low, (2) medium, (3) high. There were assessed 22 woody plant species and cultivars mapped at Nitra town streets.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Street tree alleys were started to plant as a part of great reconstruction of European and world cities after industrial revolution from the beginning of 19 th century. Important participation at first street alleys plantation have had decoration associations organised at town’s of Slovakia territory on 2 nd half of 19 th century. Street tree alleys and river embankments have wide spectrum of functions useful for man and improving of environmental conditions. In a new terminology we are talking on services those should be classified as follow: supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services. Street trees have high value at designing of the pedestrian zones and new squares. In Nitra town conditions we have assessed 26 most important street tree alleys. For this purpose was elaborated a new methodical approach, where besides basic biometrical dates the following tree characteristics were assessed: potential of environmental adaptability, potential of biology-ecological value, potential of culture value, potential of disturbing and undesirable influences. Each group of characteristics was valuated in three following levels of significance (1) low, (2) medium, (3) high. There were assessed 22 woody plant species and cultivars mapped at Nitra town streets. |
Tokár, F Results of an ecological-production research on forest ecosystems of woody plants introduced to Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 282-289, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tokár2013, title = {Results of an ecological-production research on forest ecosystems of woody plants introduced to Slovakia}, author = {F. Tokár}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Tokar.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {282-289}, abstract = {The work gives a chronological list of the results obtained in an ecological and production research on 49 coniferous and 10 broadleaved exotic woody plants in 298 parks and woody subjects across Slovakia. The results can be used in orchard and forestry practice. Since 1971, the research has been oriented to assessment of forest ecosystems and phytotechnique for forest stands consisting of selected exotic woody plants Pinus nigra Arnold, Castanea sativa Mill., Quercus rubra L. and Juglans nigra L. In the area of the Little Carpathians the best results in growth and production were achieved in Pinus nigra Arnold at the age of 100 years under proportion rate up to 30% in the group of forest types (slt) Querceto-Fagetum (464 m 3 ha –1 ), Fagetum pauper (463 m 3 ha –1 ) and Fageto Quercetum (432 m 3 ha –1 ). In the pure stands the highest stock was observed in the group of forest types Querceto-Fagetum (310 m 3 ha –1 ). In Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce the best results out of 86 Castanea sativa progenies were obtained in 15 progenies (Jelenec 2, Horné Lefantovce A, Tlstý Vrch 1, 2, 2', 3, 4, 9, Duchonka 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, Bratislava 4) and the worst results were obtained in seed progenies Stredné Plachtince 5, Krná 3, Modrý Kameň 7. Following evaluation of phytotechnique impact on production of different stand types of Castanea sativa Mill. at age of 38 years, the highest stock was observed in mixed stands Tilia cordata Mill. (416 m 3 ha –1 , 190 t ha –1 , total production 635 m 3 ha –1 , 333 t ha –1 ). In mixed stands of Juglans nigra L. (20%) and Quercus rubra L. (80%) in the locality Ivanka pri Nitre, the highest stock was observed at the age of 48 years (438 m 3 ha –1 , 263 t ha –1 ) and total production 662 m 3 ha –1 and 410 t ha –1 . In the locality Sikenica in pure stands of Juglans nigra L. the highest stock at the age of 64 years was found in the stand with the strong crown thinning (464 m 3 ha –1 , 195 t ha –1 , total production 573 m 3 ha –1 and 246 t ha –1 ). In addiction to these production characteristics also leaf area indices were assessed (LAI).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The work gives a chronological list of the results obtained in an ecological and production research on 49 coniferous and 10 broadleaved exotic woody plants in 298 parks and woody subjects across Slovakia. The results can be used in orchard and forestry practice. Since 1971, the research has been oriented to assessment of forest ecosystems and phytotechnique for forest stands consisting of selected exotic woody plants Pinus nigra Arnold, Castanea sativa Mill., Quercus rubra L. and Juglans nigra L. In the area of the Little Carpathians the best results in growth and production were achieved in Pinus nigra Arnold at the age of 100 years under proportion rate up to 30% in the group of forest types (slt) Querceto-Fagetum (464 m 3 ha –1 ), Fagetum pauper (463 m 3 ha –1 ) and Fageto Quercetum (432 m 3 ha –1 ). In the pure stands the highest stock was observed in the group of forest types Querceto-Fagetum (310 m 3 ha –1 ). In Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce the best results out of 86 Castanea sativa progenies were obtained in 15 progenies (Jelenec 2, Horné Lefantovce A, Tlstý Vrch 1, 2, 2', 3, 4, 9, Duchonka 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, Bratislava 4) and the worst results were obtained in seed progenies Stredné Plachtince 5, Krná 3, Modrý Kameň 7. Following evaluation of phytotechnique impact on production of different stand types of Castanea sativa Mill. at age of 38 years, the highest stock was observed in mixed stands Tilia cordata Mill. (416 m 3 ha –1 , 190 t ha –1 , total production 635 m 3 ha –1 , 333 t ha –1 ). In mixed stands of Juglans nigra L. (20%) and Quercus rubra L. (80%) in the locality Ivanka pri Nitre, the highest stock was observed at the age of 48 years (438 m 3 ha –1 , 263 t ha –1 ) and total production 662 m 3 ha –1 and 410 t ha –1 . In the locality Sikenica in pure stands of Juglans nigra L. the highest stock at the age of 64 years was found in the stand with the strong crown thinning (464 m 3 ha –1 , 195 t ha –1 , total production 573 m 3 ha –1 and 246 t ha –1 ). In addiction to these production characteristics also leaf area indices were assessed (LAI). |
Vološčuk, I; Pichler, V; Pichlerová, M The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Ancient Beech Forests of Germany: joint natural heritage of Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 295-303, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Vološčuk2013, title = {The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Ancient Beech Forests of Germany: joint natural heritage of Europe}, author = {I. Vološčuk and V. Pichler and M. Pichlerová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Voloscuk.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {295-303}, abstract = {The European beech Fagus sylvatica L. ssp. sylvatica L. is exclusively found in Europe. The beech survived the last ice age in small refuges in the south and south-east Europe and went on the colonisation of large parts of the continent. The post ice colonization of the landscape by the beech took place parallel to the settlement of land by humans and the formation of a more complex society. For centuries much of the Carpathian mountain forests remained untouched. Virgin forests constitute a natural heritage of global significance. In 2007 the primeval beech forests of the Carpathians (Slovakia, Ukraine) were added to UNESCO ́s World Heritage List. On 25 June 2011, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee added five of Germany ́s beech forest regions to the World Heritage List. This extended the transboundary world natural heritage site „Primeval Beech Forest of the Carpathians“, located in the Slovak Republic and Ukraine, to include a number of German forest regions, and renamed it „Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Ancient Beech Forests of Germany“. The paper is aimed at the presentation of the outstanding universal value of the ecological processes in the Joint World Heritage Sites, and present principles of their Integrated Management Plan. Ultimate goal is to achieve that management and socio-economic sustainable development practices are in harmony with primary objectives of WHS protection, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape stability, rational use of natural resources, ecotourism development and with potential of the landscape in largest possible extend.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The European beech Fagus sylvatica L. ssp. sylvatica L. is exclusively found in Europe. The beech survived the last ice age in small refuges in the south and south-east Europe and went on the colonisation of large parts of the continent. The post ice colonization of the landscape by the beech took place parallel to the settlement of land by humans and the formation of a more complex society. For centuries much of the Carpathian mountain forests remained untouched. Virgin forests constitute a natural heritage of global significance. In 2007 the primeval beech forests of the Carpathians (Slovakia, Ukraine) were added to UNESCO ́s World Heritage List. On 25 June 2011, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee added five of Germany ́s beech forest regions to the World Heritage List. This extended the transboundary world natural heritage site „Primeval Beech Forest of the Carpathians“, located in the Slovak Republic and Ukraine, to include a number of German forest regions, and renamed it „Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Ancient Beech Forests of Germany“. The paper is aimed at the presentation of the outstanding universal value of the ecological processes in the Joint World Heritage Sites, and present principles of their Integrated Management Plan. Ultimate goal is to achieve that management and socio-economic sustainable development practices are in harmony with primary objectives of WHS protection, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape stability, rational use of natural resources, ecotourism development and with potential of the landscape in largest possible extend. |
➤ Volume 40(1) 2013
Barta, P; Hoťka, P Variability in the growing season of selected European and East-Asian woody species in relation to air temperature changes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 1-10, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Barta2013, title = {Variability in the growing season of selected European and East-Asian woody species in relation to air temperature changes}, author = {P. Barta and P. Hoťka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Barta.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Data series for leaf unfolding and leaf fall phenophases of European and East-Asian trees were analysed and related to air temperature at the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS. Over a period 1971–2011, annual mean air temperature (T am ) and mean spring air temperature (T 24 ) increased by 1.41 °C or 1.06 °C, respectively. The temperature increase affected onset of phenophases and length of growing season. Beginning of growing season (BGS) advanced by 19 days for European (1990– 2011) and 9 days for Asian taxa (1991–2008). End of growing season (EGS) delayed by 2 or 4 days for European and Asian species, respectively. Length of growing season (LGS) extended by 10.31 or 7.58 day / decade for European and Asian species, respectively. The earlier onset of BGS was more prominent for European than Asian taxa and the difference was significant. On the other hand, a difference in EGS or LGS between European and Asian species was not significant. Relationships between BGS and T am or T 24 were significant for all species, and the relationships were closer for European species. Strong and significant correlation was detected between T am and LGS of European trees, however it was weak and non-significant for Asian species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Data series for leaf unfolding and leaf fall phenophases of European and East-Asian trees were analysed and related to air temperature at the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS. Over a period 1971–2011, annual mean air temperature (T am ) and mean spring air temperature (T 24 ) increased by 1.41 °C or 1.06 °C, respectively. The temperature increase affected onset of phenophases and length of growing season. Beginning of growing season (BGS) advanced by 19 days for European (1990– 2011) and 9 days for Asian taxa (1991–2008). End of growing season (EGS) delayed by 2 or 4 days for European and Asian species, respectively. Length of growing season (LGS) extended by 10.31 or 7.58 day / decade for European and Asian species, respectively. The earlier onset of BGS was more prominent for European than Asian taxa and the difference was significant. On the other hand, a difference in EGS or LGS between European and Asian species was not significant. Relationships between BGS and T am or T 24 were significant for all species, and the relationships were closer for European species. Strong and significant correlation was detected between T am and LGS of European trees, however it was weak and non-significant for Asian species. |
Ferus, P; Pachl, Š; Ľ.Ďurišová, ; Bartošová-Krajčovičová, D; Rovná, K Is there any relation between quantitative traits interesting for ornamental breeding and genome size in dog roses (Rosa sect. Caninae)? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 11-21, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferus2013d, title = {Is there any relation between quantitative traits interesting for ornamental breeding and genome size in dog roses (Rosa sect. Caninae)?}, author = {P. Ferus and Š. Pachl and Ľ.Ďurišová and D. Bartošová-Krajčovičová and K. Rovná}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ferus-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {11-21}, abstract = {To define participation of genome size as well as most important environmental factors in variability of quantitative characters interesting for ornamental breeding, a collection of wild dog roses (Rosa sect. Caninae) from Malé Karpaty mountains (localities Modra – Pažite and Vrbové – Baraní dvor) and Zobor hills (locality Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka) were analysed. We found a large variability in percentage of leaves longer than 70 mm (16–58%) and those of dark-green colour (28–78%), portion of half-full flowers (0–6%) and those of intense pink colour (0–100%), and percentage of hips longer than 20 mm (0–45%) and those of intense red colour (18–48%), among shrubs. Their genome size ranged from 2.33 to 2.92 pg. Our map survey revealed stagni- eutric cambisols in Modra – Pažite, haplic luvisols on loess in Vrbové – Baraní dvor, and rendzic/ chromi-rendzic leptosols in Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka (increasing soil quality from stand to stand). Leaves and flowers grew in conditions of average temperature 15.3 °C (Modra – Pažite and Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka) and 14.5 °C (Vrbové – Baraní dvor). Precipitation ranged from approximately 300 mm in Modra – Pažite to 400 mm in Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka. Average temperature for hip formation varied from Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka (19.6 °C) to Modra – Pažite (20.4 °C). In this period, precipitation sum was round 200 mm in Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka and approximately 250 mm in the rest two stands. Quantitative traits of all dog roses were generally less correlated to genome size and environmental factors. However, in R. canina genotypes, leaf length was determined mainly by genome size (r = 0.437) and temperature (r = –0.316), and leaf colour by temperature (r = 0.777) and precipitation (r = 0.557), flower richness only by temperature (r = –0.320), flower colour by temperature (r = 0.606) and soil quality (r = –0.559), and hip colour was defined mainly by precipitation (r = 0.588), then by temperature (r = 0.427) and genome size (r = –0.362); but no factor had important influence on hip length. We can conclude that except for leaf size, all analysed quantitative traits were mainly determined by environmental factors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To define participation of genome size as well as most important environmental factors in variability of quantitative characters interesting for ornamental breeding, a collection of wild dog roses (Rosa sect. Caninae) from Malé Karpaty mountains (localities Modra – Pažite and Vrbové – Baraní dvor) and Zobor hills (locality Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka) were analysed. We found a large variability in percentage of leaves longer than 70 mm (16–58%) and those of dark-green colour (28–78%), portion of half-full flowers (0–6%) and those of intense pink colour (0–100%), and percentage of hips longer than 20 mm (0–45%) and those of intense red colour (18–48%), among shrubs. Their genome size ranged from 2.33 to 2.92 pg. Our map survey revealed stagni- eutric cambisols in Modra – Pažite, haplic luvisols on loess in Vrbové – Baraní dvor, and rendzic/ chromi-rendzic leptosols in Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka (increasing soil quality from stand to stand). Leaves and flowers grew in conditions of average temperature 15.3 °C (Modra – Pažite and Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka) and 14.5 °C (Vrbové – Baraní dvor). Precipitation ranged from approximately 300 mm in Modra – Pažite to 400 mm in Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka. Average temperature for hip formation varied from Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka (19.6 °C) to Modra – Pažite (20.4 °C). In this period, precipitation sum was round 200 mm in Zobor – Lyžiarska lúka and approximately 250 mm in the rest two stands. Quantitative traits of all dog roses were generally less correlated to genome size and environmental factors. However, in R. canina genotypes, leaf length was determined mainly by genome size (r = 0.437) and temperature (r = –0.316), and leaf colour by temperature (r = 0.777) and precipitation (r = 0.557), flower richness only by temperature (r = –0.320), flower colour by temperature (r = 0.606) and soil quality (r = –0.559), and hip colour was defined mainly by precipitation (r = 0.588), then by temperature (r = 0.427) and genome size (r = –0.362); but no factor had important influence on hip length. We can conclude that except for leaf size, all analysed quantitative traits were mainly determined by environmental factors. |
Gáper, J; Pristaš, P; Gáperová, S; Maliničová, L Molecular identification of Fomes fomentarius in hosts from urban and suburban areas in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 22-27, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gáper2013, title = {Molecular identification of Fomes fomentarius in hosts from urban and suburban areas in Slovakia}, author = {J. Gáper and P. Pristaš and S. Gáperová and L. Maliničová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Gaper.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {22-27}, abstract = {Intraspecific, genetic diversity was studied in the wood-decaying fungus Fomes fomentarius using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence analysis. Fourteen different isolates originating from six host plant genera from the Slovakian urban and suburban areas (Central Europe) were compared. Based on ITS sequences comparison, two different genotypes were found. Genotype A consists of the two isolates from Fagus sylvatica and Negundo aceroides, whereas genotype B consists of isolates from all host plants (excluding Negundo aceroides). There only exists one host tree species (Fagus sylvatica) that hosts both fungal genotypes. Moreover, this host clearly represents two different genotypes from the same kind of urban and suburban habitat. Our study appears to be the first report of the heterogeneity within the ITS region of F. fomentarius from urban trees. Our data indicate that the occurrence of F. fomentarius genotypes is affected by characters such as host plant species and kinds of urban habitats, but not by geographical location.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Intraspecific, genetic diversity was studied in the wood-decaying fungus Fomes fomentarius using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence analysis. Fourteen different isolates originating from six host plant genera from the Slovakian urban and suburban areas (Central Europe) were compared. Based on ITS sequences comparison, two different genotypes were found. Genotype A consists of the two isolates from Fagus sylvatica and Negundo aceroides, whereas genotype B consists of isolates from all host plants (excluding Negundo aceroides). There only exists one host tree species (Fagus sylvatica) that hosts both fungal genotypes. Moreover, this host clearly represents two different genotypes from the same kind of urban and suburban habitat. Our study appears to be the first report of the heterogeneity within the ITS region of F. fomentarius from urban trees. Our data indicate that the occurrence of F. fomentarius genotypes is affected by characters such as host plant species and kinds of urban habitats, but not by geographical location. |
Greguš, C Principles of long-term sustainable forest development implemented as the background for ecological forest management Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 146-152, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Greguš2013, title = {Principles of long-term sustainable forest development implemented as the background for ecological forest management}, author = {C. Greguš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Gregus.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {146-152}, abstract = {Forests are supposed to meet the requirements not only of the today developing society but also of next generations living a one or two hundred years after us. Being threatened by a range of harmful agents, including the global climate change, and providing manifold public benefits, the forests need global management driven in nature-close, ecological ways. The issues of long-term validity, permanency and ecological orientation of forest development can be successfully resolved only by consistent implementation of the following basic principles of forest management: principle of sustainable development, stabilisation, ecologisation, optimisation and economization.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Forests are supposed to meet the requirements not only of the today developing society but also of next generations living a one or two hundred years after us. Being threatened by a range of harmful agents, including the global climate change, and providing manifold public benefits, the forests need global management driven in nature-close, ecological ways. The issues of long-term validity, permanency and ecological orientation of forest development can be successfully resolved only by consistent implementation of the following basic principles of forest management: principle of sustainable development, stabilisation, ecologisation, optimisation and economization. |
Hečková, Z; Adamčíková, K; Strelková, M; Rózová, Z Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 137-140, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hečková2013, title = {Ascomycetes and their anamorphs associated with shoots of silver birch (Betula pendula) growing in the urban greenery of Nitra in Slovak Republic}, author = {Z. Hečková and K. Adamčíková and M. Strelková and Z. Rózová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hečkova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {137-140}, abstract = {Microfungi of silver birch (Betula pendula) were studied in urban greenery of Nitra. Samples were collected in November 2011 and April 2012. In this investigation were used incubations of fresh material in moist chambers and the conventional photomicroscopy for morphological descriptions. During the study of the mycoflora of birch shoots seven anamorph species of Ascomycetes were recorded on the collected samples. Fungus found on shoots was Disculina betulina. Discula betulae, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp. were the other fungi recorded on leaves. Prosthemium betulinum, Myxocyclus polycystis and Phoma sp. were found on wood and bark. Disease symptoms and some distinctive morphological features are described in this work.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microfungi of silver birch (Betula pendula) were studied in urban greenery of Nitra. Samples were collected in November 2011 and April 2012. In this investigation were used incubations of fresh material in moist chambers and the conventional photomicroscopy for morphological descriptions. During the study of the mycoflora of birch shoots seven anamorph species of Ascomycetes were recorded on the collected samples. Fungus found on shoots was Disculina betulina. Discula betulae, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp. were the other fungi recorded on leaves. Prosthemium betulinum, Myxocyclus polycystis and Phoma sp. were found on wood and bark. Disease symptoms and some distinctive morphological features are described in this work. |
Ivanová, H Anatomic-morphological characteristic of fungus Coniochaeta prunicola isolated from Prunus cerasus leaves Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 28-33, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2013d, title = {Anatomic-morphological characteristic of fungus Coniochaeta prunicola isolated from Prunus cerasus leaves}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ivanova-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {28-33}, abstract = {Prunus cerasus L. is selected tree of genus Prunus susceptible to various pathogens, which caused discoloration, brown spots, blight symptoms and necroses, affecting their aesthetic value. The symptoms of infection observable from spring to autumn are increased, when the plants are in bloom – resulting in dieback and leaf drop. The damage is caused by fungus Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). The present work tries to specify – on the basis of light-microscopical morphological studies – the fungus C. prunicola that was isolated from Prunus cerasus symptomatic leaves from district Nitra and propose, for the first time, as a causative agent of sour cherry damage. The specific differences in spore size and anamorph morphology to the similar C. velutina could be confirmed. C. prunicola is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, the fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly almond-shaped, ellipsoidal ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Prunus cerasus L. is selected tree of genus Prunus susceptible to various pathogens, which caused discoloration, brown spots, blight symptoms and necroses, affecting their aesthetic value. The symptoms of infection observable from spring to autumn are increased, when the plants are in bloom – resulting in dieback and leaf drop. The damage is caused by fungus Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). The present work tries to specify – on the basis of light-microscopical morphological studies – the fungus C. prunicola that was isolated from Prunus cerasus symptomatic leaves from district Nitra and propose, for the first time, as a causative agent of sour cherry damage. The specific differences in spore size and anamorph morphology to the similar C. velutina could be confirmed. C. prunicola is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, the fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly almond-shaped, ellipsoidal ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit. |
Jakubisová, M; Jakubis, M; Lukáčik, I Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner) and its bank-protective effect on the banks of water flows quantified by method BSTEM Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 34-40, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Jakubisová2013, title = {Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner) and its bank-protective effect on the banks of water flows quantified by method BSTEM}, author = {M. Jakubisová and M. Jakubis and I. Lukáčik}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jakubisova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {34-40}, abstract = {The present article reviews the significance of Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner) in the riparian stands of torrent Hučava (Protected Landscape Area Poľana) in connection with bank stability of water flows and resistance of the banks of the bed against the erosion. Riparian stands are nature nearest reinforcement of the banks of water flows with accent of nature and landscape protection and biodiversity. Riparian vegetation increases the bank stability and erosion resistance of the banks of water flows. In the geomorphological unit Poľana (Central Slovakia) were investigated and compared 22 of experimental sections and profiles of torrent Hučava. On these experimental sections was analyzed the stability and erosion resistance of the banks on the both sides of the bed in connection with different density of stems of Black alder. The factor of stability Fs of the banks of water flow was calculated according to Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM). The results indicated close correlation between the density of the stems of Black alder and factor of stabilty Fs (correlation coefficient is I yx = 0.964 for the right banks and I yx = 0.952 for the left banks). The calculated results of Fs are in accordance with existing erosion damages of the banks which were determined in terrain. The analysis confirms the influence of alder stands to stability and erosion resistance of the banks of water flows. The results were validated by statistical testing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present article reviews the significance of Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner) in the riparian stands of torrent Hučava (Protected Landscape Area Poľana) in connection with bank stability of water flows and resistance of the banks of the bed against the erosion. Riparian stands are nature nearest reinforcement of the banks of water flows with accent of nature and landscape protection and biodiversity. Riparian vegetation increases the bank stability and erosion resistance of the banks of water flows. In the geomorphological unit Poľana (Central Slovakia) were investigated and compared 22 of experimental sections and profiles of torrent Hučava. On these experimental sections was analyzed the stability and erosion resistance of the banks on the both sides of the bed in connection with different density of stems of Black alder. The factor of stability Fs of the banks of water flow was calculated according to Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM). The results indicated close correlation between the density of the stems of Black alder and factor of stabilty Fs (correlation coefficient is I yx = 0.964 for the right banks and I yx = 0.952 for the left banks). The calculated results of Fs are in accordance with existing erosion damages of the banks which were determined in terrain. The analysis confirms the influence of alder stands to stability and erosion resistance of the banks of water flows. The results were validated by statistical testing. |
Juhásová, G; Meleg, J; Juhás, D; Adamčíková, K; Kobza, M; Ondrušková, E; Kadási-Horáková, M Phytopathological evaluation of woody plants in the Arboretum Včelárska paseka in Kráľová pri Senci, Slovak Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 41-49, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Juhásová2013b, title = {Phytopathological evaluation of woody plants in the Arboretum Včelárska paseka in Kráľová pri Senci, Slovak Republic}, author = {G. Juhásová and J. Meleg and D. Juhás and K. Adamčíková and M. Kobza and E. Ondrušková and M. Kadási-Horáková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Juhasova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {41-49}, abstract = {We presented the results of an evaluation of woody plants health condition in the Arboretum Včelárska paseka in Kráľová pri Senci. The park has an area at about 7 ha with 954 woody plant species (1120 stems) belonging into 73 genera. The damage degree of the woody plants was classified according to a 6-point scale, from degree (0) representing healthy trees to 4 and 5 indicating the necessity of immediate sanitation. The classification was specified by appending of numerical evaluation ranging from 1 to 94 and the proposal of a sanitary measure selected from a 47-point list. Woody plants damaged in degrees 1 and 2 (533) were recommended as perspective, woody plants exhibiting damage degree 3 were recommended for further cultivation after an appropriate treatment (117). Not perspective species with damage degrees 4 and 5 were recommended to remove (91). We have found that severe damage of woody plants were caused by fungi of genera Phellinus, Polyporus, Laetiporus, Schizophyllum, Vuilleminia, Trametes, Daedella, Armillaria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We presented the results of an evaluation of woody plants health condition in the Arboretum Včelárska paseka in Kráľová pri Senci. The park has an area at about 7 ha with 954 woody plant species (1120 stems) belonging into 73 genera. The damage degree of the woody plants was classified according to a 6-point scale, from degree (0) representing healthy trees to 4 and 5 indicating the necessity of immediate sanitation. The classification was specified by appending of numerical evaluation ranging from 1 to 94 and the proposal of a sanitary measure selected from a 47-point list. Woody plants damaged in degrees 1 and 2 (533) were recommended as perspective, woody plants exhibiting damage degree 3 were recommended for further cultivation after an appropriate treatment (117). Not perspective species with damage degrees 4 and 5 were recommended to remove (91). We have found that severe damage of woody plants were caused by fungi of genera Phellinus, Polyporus, Laetiporus, Schizophyllum, Vuilleminia, Trametes, Daedella, Armillaria. |
Keresztesová, S; Rózová, Z Influence of vegetation on surface temperature in urban areas Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 50-54, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Keresztesová2013, title = {Influence of vegetation on surface temperature in urban areas}, author = {S. Keresztesová and Z. Rózová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Keresztesova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {50-54}, abstract = {There is an evident influence of vegetation on surface temperature and microclimate. To prove this statement, and to ensure the comparability, two areas with different ratio of the vegetation and the paved surface in the city of Nitra have been selected. The first area being assessed is almost fully covered by the vegetation; the second one is almost fully paved by the concrete and the asphalt. Both areas have been regularly observed during the period between March and June 2012. Taking into consideration different surfaces (paved area, turf surface, vegetation) as well as the correlation between the distance from the vegetation and its quantity, the surface temperature has been measured by tactile IR thermometer. Remarkable temperature differences between particularly observed spots as well as considerable differ- ences between both researched areas have been noticed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There is an evident influence of vegetation on surface temperature and microclimate. To prove this statement, and to ensure the comparability, two areas with different ratio of the vegetation and the paved surface in the city of Nitra have been selected. The first area being assessed is almost fully covered by the vegetation; the second one is almost fully paved by the concrete and the asphalt. Both areas have been regularly observed during the period between March and June 2012. Taking into consideration different surfaces (paved area, turf surface, vegetation) as well as the correlation between the distance from the vegetation and its quantity, the surface temperature has been measured by tactile IR thermometer. Remarkable temperature differences between particularly observed spots as well as considerable differ- ences between both researched areas have been noticed. |
Kováčová, I; Benčať, T Evaluation of woody species in the selected parts of south-western Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 55-64, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kováčová2013, title = {Evaluation of woody species in the selected parts of south-western Slovakia}, author = {I. Kováčová and T. Benčať}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kovacova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {55-64}, abstract = {The research was performed in the city parks of Želiezovce and Levice which are situated in the dry and warm climatic region of the south-western part of Slovakia. Inventory of woody plants was done in period of May–September 2011. In the city park Želiezovce were found totally 98 woody species, of which 80% were broadleaves and 20% were coniferous species. The proportion of indigenous species reached 45%, in the case of introduced species it was 55%. In the city park Levice were found totally 111 woody species, of which 78% were broadleaves and 22% were coniferous species. The proportion of indigenous species reached 41%, in the case of introduced species it was 59%. In both city parks dominate the introduced species together with broadleaves species. There are presented also the selected growth parameters of significant woody species individuals. The two protected woody species were found – Quercus pedunculiflora K. Koch in the city park Levice and Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich in the city park Želiezovce.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The research was performed in the city parks of Želiezovce and Levice which are situated in the dry and warm climatic region of the south-western part of Slovakia. Inventory of woody plants was done in period of May–September 2011. In the city park Želiezovce were found totally 98 woody species, of which 80% were broadleaves and 20% were coniferous species. The proportion of indigenous species reached 45%, in the case of introduced species it was 55%. In the city park Levice were found totally 111 woody species, of which 78% were broadleaves and 22% were coniferous species. The proportion of indigenous species reached 41%, in the case of introduced species it was 59%. In both city parks dominate the introduced species together with broadleaves species. There are presented also the selected growth parameters of significant woody species individuals. The two protected woody species were found – Quercus pedunculiflora K. Koch in the city park Levice and Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich in the city park Želiezovce. |
Machava, J; Bublinec, E; Demko, J Soil and its properties in the urban environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 65-70, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Machava2013, title = {Soil and its properties in the urban environment}, author = {J. Machava and E. Bublinec and J. Demko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Machava.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {65-70}, abstract = {Soils in the urban environment have a character antrosoils, technosoils, at best case cultisoils. They are formed most often by reclamation of areas devastated by construction activities (antrosoils). They therefore have a wide range of properties, often unfavorable for the growth of plants. The work states optimal, permissible and undesirable texture, structure, moisture, biotic and some pedochemical features (pH, humus content, Na + , Mg 2+ ). The following are criteria for evaluating the nutrient content of the soil (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, CaCO 3 , C tot ) and their optimal ratios and limits for 23 other risk elements including heavy metals in the soil. The importance, functions and deficiency of physiologically important trace elements in plants and their contents in the soil are also discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Soils in the urban environment have a character antrosoils, technosoils, at best case cultisoils. They are formed most often by reclamation of areas devastated by construction activities (antrosoils). They therefore have a wide range of properties, often unfavorable for the growth of plants. The work states optimal, permissible and undesirable texture, structure, moisture, biotic and some pedochemical features (pH, humus content, Na + , Mg 2+ ). The following are criteria for evaluating the nutrient content of the soil (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, CaCO 3 , C tot ) and their optimal ratios and limits for 23 other risk elements including heavy metals in the soil. The importance, functions and deficiency of physiologically important trace elements in plants and their contents in the soil are also discussed. |
Maňka, P; Galgóci, M; Kormuťák, A; Čamek, V; Gömöry, D Pollen quality in some representatives of the genus Pinus Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 71-77, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Maňka2013, title = {Pollen quality in some representatives of the genus Pinus}, author = {P. Maňka and M. Galgóci and A. Kormuťák and V. Čamek and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Manka.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {71-77}, abstract = {During spring 2012 pollen quality of 12 pine species (P. cembra L., P. armandii Franch., P. wallichiana A.B. Jacks., P. strobus L., P. bungeana Zucc. ex Endl., Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, P. sylvestris L., P. mugo Turra, P. coulteri D. Don, P. jeffreyi Balf., P. ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson, P. rigida Mill.) growing in Mlyňany Arboretum was investigated. Pollen germination was tested at 25 °C on medium consisting of 1.5% agar and 10% sucrose. Each sample was triplicated. After 48 hours the number of germinating pollen was recorded from a sample of 100 pollen grains, whereas the pollen tube length in a sample of 30 pollen grains of each Petri dish. Data on average daily temperatures were taken from the local meteorological station in Mlyňany Arboretum. In general, all the analyzed pine species showed high levels of germination ranging from 85% in P. ponderosa to 98.89% in P. cembra. The pollen tube length averaged between 57.11 μm in P. bungeana and 139.2 μm in P. mugo. Both these pollen viability parameters were compared by Duncan test and variation analysis ( anova ). Our results indicate that pollen quality characteristics are more similar in closely related species of pines with pollen shedding in the same period than in systematically distant species with different periods of their pollen shedding. We suppose annual variation in the pollen quality of systematically related species that are shedding their pollen at the same time and which show similar behaviour in several aspects of pollen development. Expected impact of other factors is discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During spring 2012 pollen quality of 12 pine species (P. cembra L., P. armandii Franch., P. wallichiana A.B. Jacks., P. strobus L., P. bungeana Zucc. ex Endl., Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, P. sylvestris L., P. mugo Turra, P. coulteri D. Don, P. jeffreyi Balf., P. ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson, P. rigida Mill.) growing in Mlyňany Arboretum was investigated. Pollen germination was tested at 25 °C on medium consisting of 1.5% agar and 10% sucrose. Each sample was triplicated. After 48 hours the number of germinating pollen was recorded from a sample of 100 pollen grains, whereas the pollen tube length in a sample of 30 pollen grains of each Petri dish. Data on average daily temperatures were taken from the local meteorological station in Mlyňany Arboretum. In general, all the analyzed pine species showed high levels of germination ranging from 85% in P. ponderosa to 98.89% in P. cembra. The pollen tube length averaged between 57.11 μm in P. bungeana and 139.2 μm in P. mugo. Both these pollen viability parameters were compared by Duncan test and variation analysis ( anova ). Our results indicate that pollen quality characteristics are more similar in closely related species of pines with pollen shedding in the same period than in systematically distant species with different periods of their pollen shedding. We suppose annual variation in the pollen quality of systematically related species that are shedding their pollen at the same time and which show similar behaviour in several aspects of pollen development. Expected impact of other factors is discussed. |
Noskovič, J; Babošová, M; Porhajašová, J Concentration of oxygen dissolved in Water Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy in the southwestern part of Slovak Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 78-83, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Noskovič2013, title = {Concentration of oxygen dissolved in Water Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy in the southwestern part of Slovak Republic}, author = {J. Noskovič and M. Babošová and J. Porhajašová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Noskovic.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {78-83}, abstract = {Over the years 2009–2010, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen depending on sampling time and sampling site in the water of the Nature Reserve (NR) Alúvium Žitavy, which is situated in the southwestern part of the Slovak Republic, were evaluated. On the basis of the results we achieved we can state that its mean concentration in the water of the Nature Reserve over the whole monitored period was 5.98 mg O 2 dm –3 . Depending on the time of collection, the highest average oxygen concentration for the whole period of study in March (14.36 mg O 2 dm –3 ) was found, which is probably related to a high flow and due to turbulent stirring of water as well. For the whole period of study the lowest average concentrations in the water of the Alúvium in the summer period were observed with a minimum value being in July (3.36 mg O 2 dm –3 ). It is supposed that the decrease in oxygen concentration in the summer period with a higher temperature of water and more intensive decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms was linked. Depending on the collection places, the highest average concentrations were in collection sites no. 1 (8.57 mg O 2 dm –3 ), which being located on the inflow of the river Žitavy to the Alúvium and no. 4 (8.24 mg O 2 dm –3 ), which was located in the narrowest place of the Alúvium with the fastest water flowing. The lowest average concentrations for the whole period of study in sampling sites of wetland nature (sampling site no. 2, 3, 5 and 6) were discovered, the lowest average value being in the sampling site no. 6 (5.31 mg O 2 dm –3 ). The calculated value of the 10th percentile of this indicator was lower in all sampling sites when compared with that recommended by order of the Slovak Government No. 269/2010 Coll.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the years 2009–2010, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen depending on sampling time and sampling site in the water of the Nature Reserve (NR) Alúvium Žitavy, which is situated in the southwestern part of the Slovak Republic, were evaluated. On the basis of the results we achieved we can state that its mean concentration in the water of the Nature Reserve over the whole monitored period was 5.98 mg O 2 dm –3 . Depending on the time of collection, the highest average oxygen concentration for the whole period of study in March (14.36 mg O 2 dm –3 ) was found, which is probably related to a high flow and due to turbulent stirring of water as well. For the whole period of study the lowest average concentrations in the water of the Alúvium in the summer period were observed with a minimum value being in July (3.36 mg O 2 dm –3 ). It is supposed that the decrease in oxygen concentration in the summer period with a higher temperature of water and more intensive decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms was linked. Depending on the collection places, the highest average concentrations were in collection sites no. 1 (8.57 mg O 2 dm –3 ), which being located on the inflow of the river Žitavy to the Alúvium and no. 4 (8.24 mg O 2 dm –3 ), which was located in the narrowest place of the Alúvium with the fastest water flowing. The lowest average concentrations for the whole period of study in sampling sites of wetland nature (sampling site no. 2, 3, 5 and 6) were discovered, the lowest average value being in the sampling site no. 6 (5.31 mg O 2 dm –3 ). The calculated value of the 10th percentile of this indicator was lower in all sampling sites when compared with that recommended by order of the Slovak Government No. 269/2010 Coll. |
Olšovský, T; Zach, P; Kulfan, J; Juríková-Matulová, Z Spatial occurrence and abundance of five phloeophagous beetle species (Coleoptera) in Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) growing on sandy soils Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 84-90, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Olšovský2013, title = {Spatial occurrence and abundance of five phloeophagous beetle species (Coleoptera) in Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) growing on sandy soils}, author = {T. Olšovský and P. Zach and J. Kulfan and Z. Juríková-Matulová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Olsovsky.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {84-90}, abstract = {Spatial occurrence and abundance of Ips sexdentatus, Phaenops cyanea, Pissodes piniphilus, Tomicus minor and Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Buprestidae) were examined in mature Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) growing on poor sandy soils in Záhorská nížina lowland in western Slovakia, Central Europe. In the study area, the five given phloeophagous species are secondary pests of Scots pine spatially separated in pine trunks. Early in March 2006, each of them was recorded in 10 different Scots pine trees, in the lower, middle and upper parts (sections) of the trunks, each section being 4.0 m long. The study was made to clarify in more detail (1) as to whether and to which extent studied species occur in the middle trunks and (2) how their abundance (density) is differing among particular trunk sections of infested trees. All studied species were recorded in the middle trunk sections. However, the four of them, I. sexdentatus, P. piniphilus, T. minor and I. acuminatus, were less frequent here than in the other sections (lower or upper) they were preferring. Abundance of each species per 1,000 cm 2 significantly differed among the trunk sections (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis anova ). Particular species avoided extreme situations, that is, species inhabiting the lower trunks (I. sexdentatus and P. cyanea) were not recorded in the upper trunks and those colonizing the upper trunks (P. piniphilus, T. minor, I. acuminatus) were not documented to be developing in the lower trunks. In each species, variability in abundance was greatest in most densely colonized (preferred) parts of the trunks. The results give the evidence that high number of individuals of studied species are developing in dying mature pine trees in a mixed oak-pine forest in Central Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Spatial occurrence and abundance of Ips sexdentatus, Phaenops cyanea, Pissodes piniphilus, Tomicus minor and Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Buprestidae) were examined in mature Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) growing on poor sandy soils in Záhorská nížina lowland in western Slovakia, Central Europe. In the study area, the five given phloeophagous species are secondary pests of Scots pine spatially separated in pine trunks. Early in March 2006, each of them was recorded in 10 different Scots pine trees, in the lower, middle and upper parts (sections) of the trunks, each section being 4.0 m long. The study was made to clarify in more detail (1) as to whether and to which extent studied species occur in the middle trunks and (2) how their abundance (density) is differing among particular trunk sections of infested trees. All studied species were recorded in the middle trunk sections. However, the four of them, I. sexdentatus, P. piniphilus, T. minor and I. acuminatus, were less frequent here than in the other sections (lower or upper) they were preferring. Abundance of each species per 1,000 cm 2 significantly differed among the trunk sections (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis anova ). Particular species avoided extreme situations, that is, species inhabiting the lower trunks (I. sexdentatus and P. cyanea) were not recorded in the upper trunks and those colonizing the upper trunks (P. piniphilus, T. minor, I. acuminatus) were not documented to be developing in the lower trunks. In each species, variability in abundance was greatest in most densely colonized (preferred) parts of the trunks. The results give the evidence that high number of individuals of studied species are developing in dying mature pine trees in a mixed oak-pine forest in Central Europe. |
Polláková, N Soil subtypes classified in Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 91-96, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2013b, title = {Soil subtypes classified in Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Pollakova-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {91-96}, abstract = {Main aim of this work was soil classification in Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany. In Arboretum locality were dug nine soil pits and in detail characterized soil properties. Near each pit were made 3 soil bores which were analysed only for selected chemical properties. It was found that on the majority of Arboretum area was soil forming substrate loess without carbonates on which was developed Stagni-Haplic Luvisol. Carbonate loess was found at north part of area with East- Asiatic dendroflora, where was developed Haplic Luvisol. Cultivated Stagni-Haplic Luvisol was classified on the area with North-American dendroflora, which was until 1975 used as a vineyard and homogenization characters of ploughing horizon are still clear. Compared to the soil under the rest of natural Oak-hornbeam forest (control), anthropically changed type of vegetation significantly influenced soil chemical properties mainly in humus horizons. The heterogeneity of soil properties was also caused by heterogeneous soil forming substrate, different way of soil use before trees planting, and earth works during Arboretum establishment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Main aim of this work was soil classification in Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany. In Arboretum locality were dug nine soil pits and in detail characterized soil properties. Near each pit were made 3 soil bores which were analysed only for selected chemical properties. It was found that on the majority of Arboretum area was soil forming substrate loess without carbonates on which was developed Stagni-Haplic Luvisol. Carbonate loess was found at north part of area with East- Asiatic dendroflora, where was developed Haplic Luvisol. Cultivated Stagni-Haplic Luvisol was classified on the area with North-American dendroflora, which was until 1975 used as a vineyard and homogenization characters of ploughing horizon are still clear. Compared to the soil under the rest of natural Oak-hornbeam forest (control), anthropically changed type of vegetation significantly influenced soil chemical properties mainly in humus horizons. The heterogeneity of soil properties was also caused by heterogeneous soil forming substrate, different way of soil use before trees planting, and earth works during Arboretum establishment. |
Pšidová, E; Ditmarová, Ľ; Jamnická, G; Váľka, J; Gömöry, D Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 97-106, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pšidová2013, title = {Assessment of the impact of drought stress on particular biochemical and physiological characteristics of beech saplings leaves from different provenances}, author = {E. Pšidová and Ľ. Ditmarová and G. Jamnická and J. Váľka and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Psidova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {97-106}, abstract = {There were studied particular biochemical and physiological characteristics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings of different origin, responding to different water supply. Three different provenances (PV1, PV2, and PV3) representing the lower margin, the upper margin of beech distribution range and the optimal growth and environmental conditions for this species were investigated in a control (well-watered) and a drought treatment. For each provenance, the water potential values (Ψw) towards the end of the experiment were found low, indicating a severe water stress. However, there were not observed significant differences in decreasing Ψw values between the studied provenances. There were also recorded significant decreasing osmotic potential values (Ψs) influenced by drought. In the saplings of the PV2 provenance, the plants deprived of watering (drought treatment) showed the largest decrease of osmotic potential values. All provenances showed significant impacts of drought on the content of assimilatory pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b, Chl a/b, Chl/Car). Nevertheless, the observed changes in individual provenances did not differ significantly. The analysis of the response to the controlled water deficit confirmed that the proline content increased significantly for all provenances. The largest increase in the proline concentration was observed in PV2 provenance. These results imply that the most sensitive to water deficit was the provenance PV2 from the optimal ecological beech area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There were studied particular biochemical and physiological characteristics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings of different origin, responding to different water supply. Three different provenances (PV1, PV2, and PV3) representing the lower margin, the upper margin of beech distribution range and the optimal growth and environmental conditions for this species were investigated in a control (well-watered) and a drought treatment. For each provenance, the water potential values (Ψw) towards the end of the experiment were found low, indicating a severe water stress. However, there were not observed significant differences in decreasing Ψw values between the studied provenances. There were also recorded significant decreasing osmotic potential values (Ψs) influenced by drought. In the saplings of the PV2 provenance, the plants deprived of watering (drought treatment) showed the largest decrease of osmotic potential values. All provenances showed significant impacts of drought on the content of assimilatory pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b, Chl a/b, Chl/Car). Nevertheless, the observed changes in individual provenances did not differ significantly. The analysis of the response to the controlled water deficit confirmed that the proline content increased significantly for all provenances. The largest increase in the proline concentration was observed in PV2 provenance. These results imply that the most sensitive to water deficit was the provenance PV2 from the optimal ecological beech area. |
Sárospataki, M Role of representative woody plants in the spatial composition of dendrological gardens Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 141-145, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Sárospataki2013, title = {Role of representative woody plants in the spatial composition of dendrological gardens}, author = {M. Sárospataki}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Sarospataki.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {141-145}, abstract = {A more thorough exploration and deeper knowledge of the overseas colonies brought along the discovery and import to the European continent of several new plant species. Planting exotic species in the Hungarian parks became a wave of fashion in the last third of the 19th century. Landscape architecture also calls these landscape gardens of special plant collections dendrological gardens. Apart from the value of the individual specimens, these woody plants also had a great role in the spatial composition of the entire garden. These plants of diverse appearance endowed a part or the whole of the garden with a unique character, as the outcome of preliminary planning. Below I highlight different planning methods developed on the basis of using different representative, mostly exotic woody plants. Traces of these methods can still be discerned today even in badly neglected gardens. Knowledge of the criteria of planning and the typical use of plants can provide indispensable clues to the reconstruction of gardens.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A more thorough exploration and deeper knowledge of the overseas colonies brought along the discovery and import to the European continent of several new plant species. Planting exotic species in the Hungarian parks became a wave of fashion in the last third of the 19th century. Landscape architecture also calls these landscape gardens of special plant collections dendrological gardens. Apart from the value of the individual specimens, these woody plants also had a great role in the spatial composition of the entire garden. These plants of diverse appearance endowed a part or the whole of the garden with a unique character, as the outcome of preliminary planning. Below I highlight different planning methods developed on the basis of using different representative, mostly exotic woody plants. Traces of these methods can still be discerned today even in badly neglected gardens. Knowledge of the criteria of planning and the typical use of plants can provide indispensable clues to the reconstruction of gardens. |
Štofík, J; Bučko, J; Gič, M; Saniga, M Time and spatial trends in the brown bear Ursus arctos population in Slovakia (1900–2010) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 117-129, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Štofík2013, title = {Time and spatial trends in the brown bear Ursus arctos population in Slovakia (1900–2010)}, author = {J. Štofík and J. Bučko and M. Gič and M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Stofik.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {117-129}, abstract = {This work discusses several factors underlying changes in distribution of brown bears in Slovakia. Our evaluation was carried out based on historical records, map documents, and data from the bear census in Slovakia (2002–2010), and it was performed with using GIS tools. We concluded that: i) bears preferred well forested localities with colder climate at higher altitudes and that the influence of altitude was significantly stronger than the impact of forest cover density, ii) bear occurrence and relative density gradually decreased with decreasing altitude, iii) in the long term aspect, the most noticeable fluctuation occurred in medium altitudes from 400–1,100 m a.s.l. (SD > 10%), the highest stability was observed from 1,500 m a.s.l. (SD < 2%), and absence or very rare occurrence (less than 5%) was recorded below 300 m a.s.l, iv) unregulated interventions affected spatial distribution of brown bears across Slovakia in long term perspective. We presume, that evaluating of the data come from bear census in particular game grounds by using of spatial analysis will be possible to use as one of the indicator of the state of the population in Slovakia and for formulation of management of the brown bear.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work discusses several factors underlying changes in distribution of brown bears in Slovakia. Our evaluation was carried out based on historical records, map documents, and data from the bear census in Slovakia (2002–2010), and it was performed with using GIS tools. We concluded that: i) bears preferred well forested localities with colder climate at higher altitudes and that the influence of altitude was significantly stronger than the impact of forest cover density, ii) bear occurrence and relative density gradually decreased with decreasing altitude, iii) in the long term aspect, the most noticeable fluctuation occurred in medium altitudes from 400–1,100 m a.s.l. (SD > 10%), the highest stability was observed from 1,500 m a.s.l. (SD < 2%), and absence or very rare occurrence (less than 5%) was recorded below 300 m a.s.l, iv) unregulated interventions affected spatial distribution of brown bears across Slovakia in long term perspective. We presume, that evaluating of the data come from bear census in particular game grounds by using of spatial analysis will be possible to use as one of the indicator of the state of the population in Slovakia and for formulation of management of the brown bear. |
Supuka, J; Pucherová, Z Structural changes in the agricultural landscape and occurence of gene pool importance trees Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 107-116, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Supuka2013b, title = {Structural changes in the agricultural landscape and occurence of gene pool importance trees}, author = {J. Supuka and Z. Pucherová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Supuka-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {107-116}, abstract = {The content of this paper is assessment of the changes in the landscape structure in the cadastral area in Žirany as compared between 1869 and 2012. In the second part of this paper, the occurrence of gene pool trees identified within the cadastral area is presented. Changes in the representation of landscape elements, their internal structure and surface- area spatial distribution of land is a reflection of property ownership relations, land use forms, especially forms of intensification in agriculture and socio-economic development of society. Landscape structure was evaluated from maps and field research of the current situation. The current landscape structure (CLS) in 2012 was evaluated using 9 groups and a total of 44 landscape elements. In assessing the historical landscape structure (HLS) from 1869, 8 groups and 19 basic landscape elements were used. The most significant changes in the secondary landscape structure between 1869 and 2012 were identified in the following elements in the compared time periods: a slight decrease in the portion of forest (from 42.83 to 40.76%), increase in the portion of non- forest woody vegetation (from 0.33 to 4.00%), reducing the share of agricultural used areas (from 44.16 to 37.86%), decrease of surface of grass-herb vegetation (from 10.17 to 5.99%) and increase of the built up areas (from 1.56 to 6.44%). A significant change is observed in the conversion of mosaic structure of narrow-band fields to large-block forms of agricultural land use. Attention was devoted on the spatial distribution of tree species and biodiversity in the group of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV) during the mapping of the CLS features. In the formations of NFWV 6 species with important gene pool and above-standard biometry and age of trees have been identified with a total of 47 subjects within the land. These are the species: Castanea sativa Mill. (18 subjects) Mespilus germanica L. (1 subject), Quercus cerris L. (1 subject), Q. dalechampii Ten. (2 subjects), Q. petraea (Mattusch.) Liebl. (23 subjects), Q. polycarpa Shur. (2 subjects). Genetically significant trees were also localized by GPS.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The content of this paper is assessment of the changes in the landscape structure in the cadastral area in Žirany as compared between 1869 and 2012. In the second part of this paper, the occurrence of gene pool trees identified within the cadastral area is presented. Changes in the representation of landscape elements, their internal structure and surface- area spatial distribution of land is a reflection of property ownership relations, land use forms, especially forms of intensification in agriculture and socio-economic development of society. Landscape structure was evaluated from maps and field research of the current situation. The current landscape structure (CLS) in 2012 was evaluated using 9 groups and a total of 44 landscape elements. In assessing the historical landscape structure (HLS) from 1869, 8 groups and 19 basic landscape elements were used. The most significant changes in the secondary landscape structure between 1869 and 2012 were identified in the following elements in the compared time periods: a slight decrease in the portion of forest (from 42.83 to 40.76%), increase in the portion of non- forest woody vegetation (from 0.33 to 4.00%), reducing the share of agricultural used areas (from 44.16 to 37.86%), decrease of surface of grass-herb vegetation (from 10.17 to 5.99%) and increase of the built up areas (from 1.56 to 6.44%). A significant change is observed in the conversion of mosaic structure of narrow-band fields to large-block forms of agricultural land use. Attention was devoted on the spatial distribution of tree species and biodiversity in the group of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV) during the mapping of the CLS features. In the formations of NFWV 6 species with important gene pool and above-standard biometry and age of trees have been identified with a total of 47 subjects within the land. These are the species: Castanea sativa Mill. (18 subjects) Mespilus germanica L. (1 subject), Quercus cerris L. (1 subject), Q. dalechampii Ten. (2 subjects), Q. petraea (Mattusch.) Liebl. (23 subjects), Q. polycarpa Shur. (2 subjects). Genetically significant trees were also localized by GPS. |
Tužinský, L; Homolák, M; Gregor, J; Pichler, V; Bebej, J Soil moisture condition in a spruce ecosystem after applying wood ash on the soil surface Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (1), pp. 130-136, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tužinský2013, title = {Soil moisture condition in a spruce ecosystem after applying wood ash on the soil surface}, author = {L. Tužinský and M. Homolák and J. Gregor and V. Pichler and J. Bebej}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Tuzinsky.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {130-136}, abstract = {We examined the effects of wood ash applied on soil surface in a spruce ecosystem on the course of soil moisture content, available water reserves and soil water conductivity in the upper 20 cm soil layer. The study was carried out in the growing seasons 2011 and 2012, on three parallel plots: a plot supplied with wood ash at an amount of 5 t ha –1 in spring, a plot supplied with the wood ash in the same amount in autumn, and a non-treated control plot. In the layer with the highest occurrence of sucking roots, we analysed two hydro-pedological cycles: the prevailing semi-uvidic interval defined with the limits of maximum capillary capacity (MCC) and the point of diminished availability (PDA), and the semi-arid interval defined with the hydrolomits PDA and wilting point (WP) in the growing season 2011 in summer. The soil moisture content and hydraulic conductivity (with several exceptions due to micro-differences in soil properties) were higher on plots supplied with the wood ash.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We examined the effects of wood ash applied on soil surface in a spruce ecosystem on the course of soil moisture content, available water reserves and soil water conductivity in the upper 20 cm soil layer. The study was carried out in the growing seasons 2011 and 2012, on three parallel plots: a plot supplied with wood ash at an amount of 5 t ha –1 in spring, a plot supplied with the wood ash in the same amount in autumn, and a non-treated control plot. In the layer with the highest occurrence of sucking roots, we analysed two hydro-pedological cycles: the prevailing semi-uvidic interval defined with the limits of maximum capillary capacity (MCC) and the point of diminished availability (PDA), and the semi-arid interval defined with the hydrolomits PDA and wilting point (WP) in the growing season 2011 in summer. The soil moisture content and hydraulic conductivity (with several exceptions due to micro-differences in soil properties) were higher on plots supplied with the wood ash. |
➤ Volume 39(1) 2012
Hadaš, P Analysis of the health condition and the abiotic environment of forest stands in the territory of the Jizerské hory Mts, Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 1-9, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hadaš2012, title = {Analysis of the health condition and the abiotic environment of forest stands in the territory of the Jizerské hory Mts, Czech Republic}, author = {P. Hadaš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hadas_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {The paper sets out to analyse the causality of the abiotic environment and health condition of forest stands for the territory of the Jizerské hory Mts natural forest region (hereinafter NFR). To reach an understanding of the potential impact of SO 2 and NO x pollutants and climate stressors on forest ecosystems, a considerable amount of data on the abiotic environment needs to be acquired, also for territory in which such measurements of the data have not been made. This is why the data on temperature conditions, water balance, solar radiation, ozone concentrations and deposition flows of sulphur, nitrogen and hydrogen ions were derived through model applications and interpolation techniques. Geostatistical methods should be used instead based on the application of multidimensional methods. The health condition analysis of the forest stands (as manifested by defoliation) and parameters of the forest stands’ abiotic environment is carried out by applying simple and multidimensional regression and correlation analyses. The cluster analysis helped determine spatial distribution of five areas of potential disposition to the damage of forest stands. The results of a multiple correlation and regression for each potential disposition area were put together to form a model explicating the forest stands defoliation status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper sets out to analyse the causality of the abiotic environment and health condition of forest stands for the territory of the Jizerské hory Mts natural forest region (hereinafter NFR). To reach an understanding of the potential impact of SO 2 and NO x pollutants and climate stressors on forest ecosystems, a considerable amount of data on the abiotic environment needs to be acquired, also for territory in which such measurements of the data have not been made. This is why the data on temperature conditions, water balance, solar radiation, ozone concentrations and deposition flows of sulphur, nitrogen and hydrogen ions were derived through model applications and interpolation techniques. Geostatistical methods should be used instead based on the application of multidimensional methods. The health condition analysis of the forest stands (as manifested by defoliation) and parameters of the forest stands’ abiotic environment is carried out by applying simple and multidimensional regression and correlation analyses. The cluster analysis helped determine spatial distribution of five areas of potential disposition to the damage of forest stands. The results of a multiple correlation and regression for each potential disposition area were put together to form a model explicating the forest stands defoliation status. |
Hájková, L; Kožnarová, V; Sulovská, S; Richterová, D The temporal and spatial variability of phenological phases of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) in the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 10-20, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hájková2012, title = {The temporal and spatial variability of phenological phases of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) in the Czech Republic}, author = {L. Hájková and V. Kožnarová and S. Sulovská and D. Richterová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hajkova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {10-20}, abstract = {The paper analyzes the main vegetative and generative phenological phases (the bud burst BBCH 07, the first leaves BBCH 15, the beginning of flowering BBCH 61, the end of flowering BBCH 69) of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) observed at Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) phenological stations in the period from 1991–2010. There were analysed data from phenological stations located at elevations from 155 m (Doksany) to 860 m a.s.l. (Pernink). The altitude determines the mean onset dates of the phenophases: bud burst was observed from 19 th April to the 10 th May, the first leaves from 11 th May to 26 th May, male flowering from the 3 rd May to 18 th May, and the end of flowering on average between the 20 th May and 2 nd June. The duration of flowering took on average between 15 and 17 days with the standard deviation from 1.9–2.1 days. The earliest onset of the beginning of flowering was recorded on the 15 th April 2009 (Lednice); the latest on the 24 th May 2001 (Pernink). Vertical phenological gradients for the discissed phenological stages (BBCH 07, BBCH 15, BBCH 61 and BBCH 69) were 2 days/100 m of elevation. For the study 20-year period, all the studied phenophases show an overall tendency for the earliest onset, the results underlying this observation, however, exhibit only a low significance level.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper analyzes the main vegetative and generative phenological phases (the bud burst BBCH 07, the first leaves BBCH 15, the beginning of flowering BBCH 61, the end of flowering BBCH 69) of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) observed at Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) phenological stations in the period from 1991–2010. There were analysed data from phenological stations located at elevations from 155 m (Doksany) to 860 m a.s.l. (Pernink). The altitude determines the mean onset dates of the phenophases: bud burst was observed from 19 th April to the 10 th May, the first leaves from 11 th May to 26 th May, male flowering from the 3 rd May to 18 th May, and the end of flowering on average between the 20 th May and 2 nd June. The duration of flowering took on average between 15 and 17 days with the standard deviation from 1.9–2.1 days. The earliest onset of the beginning of flowering was recorded on the 15 th April 2009 (Lednice); the latest on the 24 th May 2001 (Pernink). Vertical phenological gradients for the discissed phenological stages (BBCH 07, BBCH 15, BBCH 61 and BBCH 69) were 2 days/100 m of elevation. For the study 20-year period, all the studied phenophases show an overall tendency for the earliest onset, the results underlying this observation, however, exhibit only a low significance level. |
Ivanová, H; Kaločaiová, M; Bolvanský, M Shot-hole disease on Prunus persica – the morphology and biology of Stigmina carpophila Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 21-27, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2012c, title = {Shot-hole disease on Prunus persica – the morphology and biology of Stigmina carpophila}, author = {H. Ivanová and M. Kaločaiová and M. Bolvanský}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ivanova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {21-27}, abstract = {Shot-hole disease caused by Stigmina carpophila (Deuteromycetes) is a major limiting factor in peach production, causing foliage shot hole in spring and early summer; fruit-spotting and cankers on limbs and twigs during autumn rains. The fungus overwinters, for at least two seasons, in cankers and killed buds. During spring and summer of 2009–2010, there occurred optimal conditions for manifestation of these symptoms on peach leaves and for the fungus activation. In such humid conditions is activated germination of brown, smooth walled, fusiform conidia with truncate base and rounded apex 16 to 20 μm by 8–10 μm in size, which accounts for the winter infection of buds. The fungus Stigmina carpophila isolated from damaged leaves of Prunus persica formed in culture sub-hyaline, septate and smooth walled mycelium, and dark brown stromata, partly superficial and partly immersed. The evaluation of mycelium growth suggested a significant effect of cultivation media on the assessed mycelium size on each of the eight days of the experiment. Since the third cultivation day, the size of mycelium on CzD was significantly smaller than the mycelium size on PDA and V-8. The variability of mycelium size on all media decreased with the time of cultivation. There was observed formation of terminal, intercalary, often chained chlamydospores on PDA in the dark. The most serious aspect of shot hole disease on peach is leaf infection leading to defoliation, as severe defoliation during the early fruit development can cause falling young fruits, and repeated defoliation weakens the trees and reduces their yield.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Shot-hole disease caused by Stigmina carpophila (Deuteromycetes) is a major limiting factor in peach production, causing foliage shot hole in spring and early summer; fruit-spotting and cankers on limbs and twigs during autumn rains. The fungus overwinters, for at least two seasons, in cankers and killed buds. During spring and summer of 2009–2010, there occurred optimal conditions for manifestation of these symptoms on peach leaves and for the fungus activation. In such humid conditions is activated germination of brown, smooth walled, fusiform conidia with truncate base and rounded apex 16 to 20 μm by 8–10 μm in size, which accounts for the winter infection of buds. The fungus Stigmina carpophila isolated from damaged leaves of Prunus persica formed in culture sub-hyaline, septate and smooth walled mycelium, and dark brown stromata, partly superficial and partly immersed. The evaluation of mycelium growth suggested a significant effect of cultivation media on the assessed mycelium size on each of the eight days of the experiment. Since the third cultivation day, the size of mycelium on CzD was significantly smaller than the mycelium size on PDA and V-8. The variability of mycelium size on all media decreased with the time of cultivation. There was observed formation of terminal, intercalary, often chained chlamydospores on PDA in the dark. The most serious aspect of shot hole disease on peach is leaf infection leading to defoliation, as severe defoliation during the early fruit development can cause falling young fruits, and repeated defoliation weakens the trees and reduces their yield. |
Janík, R; Bublinec, E; Dubová, M The concentration of SO 42– and amount of S-SO 42– in soil water and throughfall in beech forest of Štiavnické vrchy Mts, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 28-35, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Janík2012, title = {The concentration of SO 42– and amount of S-SO 42– in soil water and throughfall in beech forest of Štiavnické vrchy Mts, Slovakia}, author = {R. Janík and E. Bublinec and M. Dubová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Janik_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {28-35}, abstract = {The paper deals with the results of concentration SO 42– and amount of S-SO 42– in soil water from the beech forest situated in the the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. The mean concentration of SO 42– increased from 19.06 mg l –1 in the depth of surface humus (F 00 ) to 29.32 mg l –1 in the depth 0.25 m (F 25 ). To the soil during the study period input 415 kg S-SO 42– ha –1 – F 00 and 587 kg S-SO 42– ha –1 in the layer F 25 . The highest SO 42– concentration were observed during the year 1988 in the all depths, but the lowest values were found in the year 2010 in the F 00 layer with 8.02 mg l –1 . The SO 42– concentration in soil water with the depth increased. The regression analysis found out a statistically significant influence of the sulphur content in the atmospheric deposition on the sulphur content in soil water. A significant correlation between the precipitation amount and the content of sulphur in precipitation and in soil water was observed. Student’s t-test for dependent variables confirmed statistically strong significant differences of the sulphur content in soil water in the 0.1 m and 0.25 m depth between the study areas. No significance of differences between the years at the same plot was found.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper deals with the results of concentration SO 42– and amount of S-SO 42– in soil water from the beech forest situated in the the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. The mean concentration of SO 42– increased from 19.06 mg l –1 in the depth of surface humus (F 00 ) to 29.32 mg l –1 in the depth 0.25 m (F 25 ). To the soil during the study period input 415 kg S-SO 42– ha –1 – F 00 and 587 kg S-SO 42– ha –1 in the layer F 25 . The highest SO 42– concentration were observed during the year 1988 in the all depths, but the lowest values were found in the year 2010 in the F 00 layer with 8.02 mg l –1 . The SO 42– concentration in soil water with the depth increased. The regression analysis found out a statistically significant influence of the sulphur content in the atmospheric deposition on the sulphur content in soil water. A significant correlation between the precipitation amount and the content of sulphur in precipitation and in soil water was observed. Student’s t-test for dependent variables confirmed statistically strong significant differences of the sulphur content in soil water in the 0.1 m and 0.25 m depth between the study areas. No significance of differences between the years at the same plot was found. |
Kovalčíková, D; Střeclová, K; Ditmarová, Ľ Measurement of European beech transpiration rate under drought stress Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 36-44, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kovalčíková2012, title = {Measurement of European beech transpiration rate under drought stress}, author = {D. Kovalčíková and K. Střeclová and Ľ. Ditmarová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/kovalcikova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {36-44}, abstract = {The paper presents results of a pilot measurement of transpiration rate in European beech plants under drought stress. The measurement was carried out with “Baby EMS 62 modular sap flow systems for small stems or branches”. The plants used for measuring the transpiration rate were 4-year-old, the measurements was carried out in the summer 2010. The trees were divided into two groups: a drought-stressed group and a regularly irrigated (control) group. The simulation of drought started on July 9 2010, the measurement of sap flow on August 20 2010. In order to find out the possibility for the transpiration recovery, irrigation was applied after a severe drought exposure on the drought-stressed plants on August 24 2010. Despite expectations, the irrigation did not influence transpiration of the drought-stressed plants, although the absolute value of the soil water potential dropped to a minimum. The drought-stressed individuals achieved substantially lower values of transpiration rate, both before and after irrigation, in comparison with the control group. Further, dependence between transpiration and meteorological factors was investigated. The meteorological factors in concern are continually recorded at the mesoclimatic station situated in the “Borová hora” Arboretum. The values of transpiration rate for the drought-stressed individuals were less dependent on meteorological factors (relation fitted with a polynomial regression function of the second order) than for the control plants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents results of a pilot measurement of transpiration rate in European beech plants under drought stress. The measurement was carried out with “Baby EMS 62 modular sap flow systems for small stems or branches”. The plants used for measuring the transpiration rate were 4-year-old, the measurements was carried out in the summer 2010. The trees were divided into two groups: a drought-stressed group and a regularly irrigated (control) group. The simulation of drought started on July 9 2010, the measurement of sap flow on August 20 2010. In order to find out the possibility for the transpiration recovery, irrigation was applied after a severe drought exposure on the drought-stressed plants on August 24 2010. Despite expectations, the irrigation did not influence transpiration of the drought-stressed plants, although the absolute value of the soil water potential dropped to a minimum. The drought-stressed individuals achieved substantially lower values of transpiration rate, both before and after irrigation, in comparison with the control group. Further, dependence between transpiration and meteorological factors was investigated. The meteorological factors in concern are continually recorded at the mesoclimatic station situated in the “Borová hora” Arboretum. The values of transpiration rate for the drought-stressed individuals were less dependent on meteorological factors (relation fitted with a polynomial regression function of the second order) than for the control plants. |
Kvetanová, Ľ; Ondrišík, P; Porhajašová, J; Rakovská, A Concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in different ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 45-52, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kvetanová2012, title = {Concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in different ecosystems}, author = {Ľ. Kvetanová and P. Ondrišík and J. Porhajašová and A. Rakovská}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/kvetanova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {45-52}, abstract = {This work investigates the effect of forest, agricultural and human settlement ecosystems on the concentrations of N-NO 3– , N-NH 4+ in the water course Čaradický potok stream based on the data assembled between 2005–2010. The water flow has its springs in the Pohronský Inovec Mts, and then it crosses the districts Zlaté Moravce and Levice. Analysing the results obtained we can see that the lowest average concentrations of the monitored inorganic nitrogen forms within the whole study period were recorded in a sampling site situated under forest ecosystems of Pohronský Inovec. The average concentration of N-NO 3– in the water Čaradice brook was 2.26 mg dm –3 . The highest average concentration for the whole monitoring period was observed in January, the lowest in August. The most remarkable increase in the concentrations of N-NO 3– was found in September 2009, probably related to an intense rainfall before the sampling (20.5 mm on 29 th September 2009). Among the sampling sites, the maximum average concentration of N-NO 3– was measured in the sites located in ecosystems under direct influence of human settlements (the villages of Kozárovce and Čaradice). These high values were probably due to a secondary increase in nitrate nitrogen resulting from nitrification of ammonium nitrogen supplied with contaminated sewage effluents (no sewage tanks in these villages). The increase in the average concentration of N-NO 3– in the studied water course was during the entire study period caused both by an permanent grassland agroecosystem (sampling site No. 2) and an arable land agro-ecosystem (sampling site No. 4) located in the water catchment basin. The asset of these agro-ecosystems, however, was lower than the one of the urban ecosystems. By variance analysis, were detected three statistically significant factors (year, season and site) affecting the concentration of nitrate nitrogen. The average concentration of amonium nitrogen during the whole monitoring period represented 0.20 mg dm –3 . The lowest concentrations were recorded in winter and the highest in summer. The minimum average concentration was measured in February, the maximum in July. Depending on the sampling site, the highest average concentration values throughout the whole monitoring period were obtained in the sampling sites under human settlements (villages of Kozárovce and Čaradice). The variance analysis for N-NH 4+ revealed a statistically highly significant effects of sampling date (month) and site.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work investigates the effect of forest, agricultural and human settlement ecosystems on the concentrations of N-NO 3– , N-NH 4+ in the water course Čaradický potok stream based on the data assembled between 2005–2010. The water flow has its springs in the Pohronský Inovec Mts, and then it crosses the districts Zlaté Moravce and Levice. Analysing the results obtained we can see that the lowest average concentrations of the monitored inorganic nitrogen forms within the whole study period were recorded in a sampling site situated under forest ecosystems of Pohronský Inovec. The average concentration of N-NO 3– in the water Čaradice brook was 2.26 mg dm –3 . The highest average concentration for the whole monitoring period was observed in January, the lowest in August. The most remarkable increase in the concentrations of N-NO 3– was found in September 2009, probably related to an intense rainfall before the sampling (20.5 mm on 29 th September 2009). Among the sampling sites, the maximum average concentration of N-NO 3– was measured in the sites located in ecosystems under direct influence of human settlements (the villages of Kozárovce and Čaradice). These high values were probably due to a secondary increase in nitrate nitrogen resulting from nitrification of ammonium nitrogen supplied with contaminated sewage effluents (no sewage tanks in these villages). The increase in the average concentration of N-NO 3– in the studied water course was during the entire study period caused both by an permanent grassland agroecosystem (sampling site No. 2) and an arable land agro-ecosystem (sampling site No. 4) located in the water catchment basin. The asset of these agro-ecosystems, however, was lower than the one of the urban ecosystems. By variance analysis, were detected three statistically significant factors (year, season and site) affecting the concentration of nitrate nitrogen. The average concentration of amonium nitrogen during the whole monitoring period represented 0.20 mg dm –3 . The lowest concentrations were recorded in winter and the highest in summer. The minimum average concentration was measured in February, the maximum in July. Depending on the sampling site, the highest average concentration values throughout the whole monitoring period were obtained in the sampling sites under human settlements (villages of Kozárovce and Čaradice). The variance analysis for N-NH 4+ revealed a statistically highly significant effects of sampling date (month) and site. |
Mihál, I Species diversity, abundance and dominance of macromycetes in beech forest stands with different intensity of shelterwood cutting interventions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 53-62, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2012, title = {Species diversity, abundance and dominance of macromycetes in beech forest stands with different intensity of shelterwood cutting interventions}, author = {I. Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/mihal_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {53-62}, abstract = {The aim of this work is to enrich the knowledge of the dynamics of species diversity, abundance and distribution of fruiting bodies and dominance of macromycetes species in a mycocoenosis of beech forest stands. We studied the issue in beech stands in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia), in the years 2007 and 2008. The experimental area consists of a series of four partial research plots (PRP) obtained by applying a series of regeneration cuts differing in intensity and a control intact plot in the original stand. Altogether we identified 154 species of macromycetes and one species of Fungi imperfecti. We obtained various values of abundance and distribution of fruiting bodies and species dominance on the particular partial plots. The species spectrum concerning the most dominant species was almost the same on each PRP. As for the ecotrophic demands of macromycetes, we can see that the abundance values in lignicolous species increased beginning with the plot with the heaviest intervention up to the intact control plot. On the other hand, the plot subjected to light cut and the control plot exhibited increased abundance of terrestrial saprophytes and ectomycorrhizal symbionts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this work is to enrich the knowledge of the dynamics of species diversity, abundance and distribution of fruiting bodies and dominance of macromycetes species in a mycocoenosis of beech forest stands. We studied the issue in beech stands in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia), in the years 2007 and 2008. The experimental area consists of a series of four partial research plots (PRP) obtained by applying a series of regeneration cuts differing in intensity and a control intact plot in the original stand. Altogether we identified 154 species of macromycetes and one species of Fungi imperfecti. We obtained various values of abundance and distribution of fruiting bodies and species dominance on the particular partial plots. The species spectrum concerning the most dominant species was almost the same on each PRP. As for the ecotrophic demands of macromycetes, we can see that the abundance values in lignicolous species increased beginning with the plot with the heaviest intervention up to the intact control plot. On the other hand, the plot subjected to light cut and the control plot exhibited increased abundance of terrestrial saprophytes and ectomycorrhizal symbionts. |
Pšidová, E; Jamnická, G; Ditmarová, Ľ A preliminary study on physiological changes of Central European beech provenances in response to progressive drought stress Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 63-70, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pšidová2012, title = {A preliminary study on physiological changes of Central European beech provenances in response to progressive drought stress}, author = {E. Pšidová and G. Jamnická and Ľ. Ditmarová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/psidova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {63-70}, abstract = {Four-year seedlings of two European beech ecotypes (Fagus sylvatica L.) were grown under well-watered and drought conditions for 51 days. Two populations were from the same medium-wet climatic region, but they differed in altitude. The results showed that there were significant differences in responses to different watering regimes in both provenances tested. Drought reduced quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II), decreased electron transport rate (ETR) through photosystem II and photochemical quenching (qP). More dissipation of energy excess (qN) was found in PV1 under drought-stress conditions. Water-deficit was associated with increases in proline content. Moreover, drought-treated seedlings of both provenances had significantly decreased chlorophyll pigment contents (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b) and carotenoids (Car x + c). Drought also influenced the height and stem diameter of seedlings. However, the differences between the provenances were statistically significant in drought stressed plants only in case of proline content and fluorescence parameter qN.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Four-year seedlings of two European beech ecotypes (Fagus sylvatica L.) were grown under well-watered and drought conditions for 51 days. Two populations were from the same medium-wet climatic region, but they differed in altitude. The results showed that there were significant differences in responses to different watering regimes in both provenances tested. Drought reduced quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II), decreased electron transport rate (ETR) through photosystem II and photochemical quenching (qP). More dissipation of energy excess (qN) was found in PV1 under drought-stress conditions. Water-deficit was associated with increases in proline content. Moreover, drought-treated seedlings of both provenances had significantly decreased chlorophyll pigment contents (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b) and carotenoids (Car x + c). Drought also influenced the height and stem diameter of seedlings. However, the differences between the provenances were statistically significant in drought stressed plants only in case of proline content and fluorescence parameter qN. |
Rózová, Z; Mikulová, E Visual attributes of vegetation in urban landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 71-76, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Rózová2012, title = {Visual attributes of vegetation in urban landscape}, author = {Z. Rózová and E. Mikulová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/rozova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {71-76}, abstract = {The work deals with the evaluation of the visual attributes of vegetation composition such as dimension, shape, colour, texture, proportionality, structure and dominance. It is an attempt how to objectively evaluate the basic combinations of architectonic and vegetation elements. It is generally focused on vegetation areas serving several functions. The only differences are in determination of criterions needed for the evaluation and for the proposal of new composition. The methodology has been tested on the model area of the Pribina square in Nitra.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The work deals with the evaluation of the visual attributes of vegetation composition such as dimension, shape, colour, texture, proportionality, structure and dominance. It is an attempt how to objectively evaluate the basic combinations of architectonic and vegetation elements. It is generally focused on vegetation areas serving several functions. The only differences are in determination of criterions needed for the evaluation and for the proposal of new composition. The methodology has been tested on the model area of the Pribina square in Nitra. |
Štefančík, I; Strmeň, S; Podrázský, V; Vacek, S Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 77-87, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Štefančík2012, title = {Growth responses of a Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) small pole-stage stand in a region exhibiting extensive decline of allochthonous spruce forests to differentiated thinning}, author = {I. Štefančík and S. Strmeň and V. Podrázský and S. Vacek}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/stefancik_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {77-87}, abstract = {The paper deals with assessment of the growth responses of a 26-year old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) small pole-stage stand, situated in a region affected by mass dying of spruce monocultures, dependent on the different treatment intensity. The intervention was realized at a stand age of 22 years – in order to decrease its density to 1,600 and 1,100 individuals per hectare. Characteristics of quantitative production (number of trees, basal area, stand volume, diameter increment) were analysed and compared among the presented variants of treatment. The special attention was paid to the assessment of target trees (400 individuals per hectare). The results have confirmed correctness of heavy treatments in spruce forests of younger growth stages also for the regions showing mass decline and dying of spruce forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper deals with assessment of the growth responses of a 26-year old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) small pole-stage stand, situated in a region affected by mass dying of spruce monocultures, dependent on the different treatment intensity. The intervention was realized at a stand age of 22 years – in order to decrease its density to 1,600 and 1,100 individuals per hectare. Characteristics of quantitative production (number of trees, basal area, stand volume, diameter increment) were analysed and compared among the presented variants of treatment. The special attention was paid to the assessment of target trees (400 individuals per hectare). The results have confirmed correctness of heavy treatments in spruce forests of younger growth stages also for the regions showing mass decline and dying of spruce forests. |
tatarková, Z; Malovcová, Ľ; Bedrna, Z; Masarovičová, E Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus content in soil on yield of selected rapeseed varieties Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 39 (1), pp. 88-93, 2012, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{tatarkovátatarková2012, title = {Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus content in soil on yield of selected rapeseed varieties}, author = {Z. tatarková and Ľ. Malovcová and Z. Bedrna and E. Masarovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tatarkova_web.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {88-93}, abstract = {There was conducted an experiment to determine the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus content in soil on yield and seed production of selected rapeseed varieties. Field survey was executed on plots of the Plant Production Research Centre – Plant Production Research Institute in Borovce near Piešťany. Soil samples were taken in spring, before the growing season. In homogenized soil samples were determined contents of phosphorus and inorganic-, nitrate- and ammonium nitrogen. The experiment plot was evaluated in terms of basic nutrients content. For examined rapeseed varieties, yield and seed production were determined. The highest sensitive response to the applied fertilization and N, P soil content in spring and consequently the highest yield and seed production has observed in the varieties Labrador (yield 4.68 t ha –1 , seed production 2.46 dkg plant -1 ), Decade (yield 4.45 t ha –1 , seed production 2.66 dkg plant –1 ), Verona (yield 4.10 t ha –1 , seed production 2.28 dkg plant –1 ) and Champlain (yield 4.08 t ha –1 , seed production 2.46 dkg plan –1 ). The most unfavourable results of yield and seed production were reached by the varieties Viking (yield 2.99 t ha –1 , seed production 1.36 dkg plant –1 ) and Baldur (yield 2.88 t ha –1 , seed production 1.43 dkg plant –1 ).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There was conducted an experiment to determine the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus content in soil on yield and seed production of selected rapeseed varieties. Field survey was executed on plots of the Plant Production Research Centre – Plant Production Research Institute in Borovce near Piešťany. Soil samples were taken in spring, before the growing season. In homogenized soil samples were determined contents of phosphorus and inorganic-, nitrate- and ammonium nitrogen. The experiment plot was evaluated in terms of basic nutrients content. For examined rapeseed varieties, yield and seed production were determined. The highest sensitive response to the applied fertilization and N, P soil content in spring and consequently the highest yield and seed production has observed in the varieties Labrador (yield 4.68 t ha –1 , seed production 2.46 dkg plant -1 ), Decade (yield 4.45 t ha –1 , seed production 2.66 dkg plant –1 ), Verona (yield 4.10 t ha –1 , seed production 2.28 dkg plant –1 ) and Champlain (yield 4.08 t ha –1 , seed production 2.46 dkg plan –1 ). The most unfavourable results of yield and seed production were reached by the varieties Viking (yield 2.99 t ha –1 , seed production 1.36 dkg plant –1 ) and Baldur (yield 2.88 t ha –1 , seed production 1.43 dkg plant –1 ). |
➤ Volume 38(2) 2011
Bernardovičová, S; Ivanová, H Hyphomycetes and Coelomycetes fungi isolated from affected leaves and twigs of cherry laurel trees Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 137-145, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bernardovičová2011b, title = {Hyphomycetes and Coelomycetes fungi isolated from affected leaves and twigs of cherry laurel trees}, author = {S. Bernardovičová and H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/bernardovicova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {137-145}, abstract = {The aim of this work was to identify fungi occurring on leaves and twigs of Prunus laurocerasus L. Mycological observations were carried out on leaves and twigs collected from symptomatic cherry laurels growing in green areas of the Nitra town from spring to autumn in 2009–2010. Six species of microscopic fungi were isolated and microscopically identified from samples during the study period. The occurrence of some microscopic fungi in class Hyphomycetes (Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris, Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link) and Coelomycetes (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Phomopsis sp.) has been confirmed. The most frequently found fungi included: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phomopsis sp. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was found in examined samples relatively commonly. Only sporadical incidence of the fungi Thielaviopsis and Trichothecium was noticed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this work was to identify fungi occurring on leaves and twigs of Prunus laurocerasus L. Mycological observations were carried out on leaves and twigs collected from symptomatic cherry laurels growing in green areas of the Nitra town from spring to autumn in 2009–2010. Six species of microscopic fungi were isolated and microscopically identified from samples during the study period. The occurrence of some microscopic fungi in class Hyphomycetes (Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris, Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link) and Coelomycetes (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Phomopsis sp.) has been confirmed. The most frequently found fungi included: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phomopsis sp. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was found in examined samples relatively commonly. Only sporadical incidence of the fungi Thielaviopsis and Trichothecium was noticed. |
Bolvanský, M; Užík, M Effect of fruit size, parental trees origin and trial conditions on the growth characteristics of European chestnut seedlings Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 146-155, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bolvanský2011, title = {Effect of fruit size, parental trees origin and trial conditions on the growth characteristics of European chestnut seedlings}, author = {M. Bolvanský and M. Užík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/bolvansky.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {146-155}, abstract = {In the spring of 2005, a field trial was established in forest nursery Hladomer, near community Lovce, Slovakia with the aim to find out an effect of different origin of fruits on growth characteristics of seedlings. Fruits were collected from twelve half-sib families of European chestnut, grown at an experimental plot in Horné Lefantovce. All studied families originated from old trees grown at four different localities of Slovakia (three half-sib families per locality) and exhibited above-average growth characteristics among all of 120 progenies grown at the experimental plot. Variability of growth characteristics (stem height and stem diameter) of both one- and two-year-old seedlings was significantly affected by their origin (locality of parental tree and half-sib family derived from these trees) and by different nut size used in three trial replications. In three of four studied origins, non significant differences in stem height of one-year-old seedlings between second and third replications changed to significant ones in two-year-old seedlings. These differences were assigned to different light and soil conditions on two trial blocks caused by partial shading of first and second trial blocks. Between weight of fruits and studied growth characteristics either low correlations (for data of individual fruits) or medium strong correlations (data grouped by fruit groups of different weight) were observed. Correlation between stem height means of families and stem height means of one-year-old and/or two-year-old seedlings derived from these progenies was only medium strong (r = 0.52 and 0.54) however similar inter-generation in stem diameter was very low and nonsignificant.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the spring of 2005, a field trial was established in forest nursery Hladomer, near community Lovce, Slovakia with the aim to find out an effect of different origin of fruits on growth characteristics of seedlings. Fruits were collected from twelve half-sib families of European chestnut, grown at an experimental plot in Horné Lefantovce. All studied families originated from old trees grown at four different localities of Slovakia (three half-sib families per locality) and exhibited above-average growth characteristics among all of 120 progenies grown at the experimental plot. Variability of growth characteristics (stem height and stem diameter) of both one- and two-year-old seedlings was significantly affected by their origin (locality of parental tree and half-sib family derived from these trees) and by different nut size used in three trial replications. In three of four studied origins, non significant differences in stem height of one-year-old seedlings between second and third replications changed to significant ones in two-year-old seedlings. These differences were assigned to different light and soil conditions on two trial blocks caused by partial shading of first and second trial blocks. Between weight of fruits and studied growth characteristics either low correlations (for data of individual fruits) or medium strong correlations (data grouped by fruit groups of different weight) were observed. Correlation between stem height means of families and stem height means of one-year-old and/or two-year-old seedlings derived from these progenies was only medium strong (r = 0.52 and 0.54) however similar inter-generation in stem diameter was very low and nonsignificant. |
Janík, R; Bublinec, E; Dubová, M Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 156-161, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Janík2011, title = {Impact of regeneration cutting on sulphate concentration and amount in throughfall water in conditions of submontane beech forests in the Western Carpathians Mts}, author = {R. Janík and E. Bublinec and M. Dubová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/janik.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {156-161}, abstract = {This work summarises the values of amount and concentration of SO 42– , measured in precipitation totals on open plot and in throughfall in submontane beech forests in the Kremnické vrchy Mts, Western Carpathians Mts over a 4-year research period. The measurements were carried out in beech forest stands with stocking density modified (reduced) to various degrees in years 1989 and 2004 by regeneration cutting. The maximum concentration of SO 42– was recorded on the former clear cut: 33.34 mg l –1 in year 2002. The lowest value of 6.57 mg l –1 was obtained in year 2005 on the partial plot subjected to intensive intervention leading to the stocking density of 0.3. Higher sulphate concentration values was recorded in the autumn and winter, the lower ones in the spring and summer. No inter-annual differences in S-SO 42– content and concentration have been confirmed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work summarises the values of amount and concentration of SO 42– , measured in precipitation totals on open plot and in throughfall in submontane beech forests in the Kremnické vrchy Mts, Western Carpathians Mts over a 4-year research period. The measurements were carried out in beech forest stands with stocking density modified (reduced) to various degrees in years 1989 and 2004 by regeneration cutting. The maximum concentration of SO 42– was recorded on the former clear cut: 33.34 mg l –1 in year 2002. The lowest value of 6.57 mg l –1 was obtained in year 2005 on the partial plot subjected to intensive intervention leading to the stocking density of 0.3. Higher sulphate concentration values was recorded in the autumn and winter, the lower ones in the spring and summer. No inter-annual differences in S-SO 42– content and concentration have been confirmed. |
Kellerová, D; Janík, R Statistical evaluation of air pollution in a model situation of beech stands in the Western Carpathians Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 162-168, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kellerová2011, title = {Statistical evaluation of air pollution in a model situation of beech stands in the Western Carpathians Mts}, author = {D. Kellerová and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/kellerova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {162-168}, abstract = {Quantity of specific airborne pollutants (H + and O 3 ) was monitored at regular intervals over vegetation periods on a series of plots with modified stocking density. The statistical testing of the obtained values resulted in finding a significant difference (99% level) in proton H + input between the original intact parent stand and the plot treated with heavy cut; and, after the second intervention, the original stand and the plot treated with medium cut. The lowest mean values of (H + ) were recorded on the plot with the original parent stand (1999–2006: 13 mmol H + day –1 m –2 ). It is evident that the stands play a role of a filter significantly influencing the input of pollutants deposed inside forest ecosystems. The maximum values, especially in year 2005, reflect the effect of the second cutting intervention realised in year 2004. The differences in O 3 concentration among the particular modified plots were not found as significant as in proton load H + . The differences in amount of proton load and amount of ground level ozone among the plots were found significant for all plots at the level of 99%. It follows that the input of emissions into forest stands depends on chemical composition of the polluted substances.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Quantity of specific airborne pollutants (H + and O 3 ) was monitored at regular intervals over vegetation periods on a series of plots with modified stocking density. The statistical testing of the obtained values resulted in finding a significant difference (99% level) in proton H + input between the original intact parent stand and the plot treated with heavy cut; and, after the second intervention, the original stand and the plot treated with medium cut. The lowest mean values of (H + ) were recorded on the plot with the original parent stand (1999–2006: 13 mmol H + day –1 m –2 ). It is evident that the stands play a role of a filter significantly influencing the input of pollutants deposed inside forest ecosystems. The maximum values, especially in year 2005, reflect the effect of the second cutting intervention realised in year 2004. The differences in O 3 concentration among the particular modified plots were not found as significant as in proton load H + . The differences in amount of proton load and amount of ground level ozone among the plots were found significant for all plots at the level of 99%. It follows that the input of emissions into forest stands depends on chemical composition of the polluted substances. |
Kučerová, V; Gömöry, D Reticulate phylogeny in the genus Sorbus: the case of Sorbus haljamovae Bernátová et Májovský Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 169-175, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kučerová2011, title = {Reticulate phylogeny in the genus Sorbus: the case of Sorbus haljamovae Bernátová et Májovský}, author = {V. Kučerová and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/kucerova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {169-175}, abstract = {Phylogenetic relationships between diploid sexual species S. aria and S. chamaemespilus and their putative alloploid hybrid S. haljamovae were studied on 8 localities in Central Slovakia. Six polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers were used to infer polymorphism levels in parental taxa and direction of hybridization. Six haplotypes were identified in the analyzed material. Haplotype 2 was found exclusively in S. chamaemespilus, which was found to be completely monomorphic. Haplotypes 1 and 4 were found only in S. aria, haplotypes 3 and 5 were shared by S. aria and S. haljamovae. A single specimen of S. aucuparia, used as outgroup in the phylogenetic analysis, contained a specific, highly divergent haplotype. Based on these results, we suggest that S. haljamovae is a polyphyletic taxon originating from at least two independent hybridization events.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phylogenetic relationships between diploid sexual species S. aria and S. chamaemespilus and their putative alloploid hybrid S. haljamovae were studied on 8 localities in Central Slovakia. Six polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers were used to infer polymorphism levels in parental taxa and direction of hybridization. Six haplotypes were identified in the analyzed material. Haplotype 2 was found exclusively in S. chamaemespilus, which was found to be completely monomorphic. Haplotypes 1 and 4 were found only in S. aria, haplotypes 3 and 5 were shared by S. aria and S. haljamovae. A single specimen of S. aucuparia, used as outgroup in the phylogenetic analysis, contained a specific, highly divergent haplotype. Based on these results, we suggest that S. haljamovae is a polyphyletic taxon originating from at least two independent hybridization events. |
Kulfan, M; Holecová, M; Beracko, P Phyllophagous sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) in a sandy lowland, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 176-182, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kulfan2011, title = {Phyllophagous sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) in a sandy lowland, Slovakia}, author = {M. Kulfan and M. Holecová and P. Beracko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/kulfan.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {176-182}, abstract = {In the period of 2008 and 2009, the authors studied and compared taxocoenoses of phyllophagous sawflies (Symphyta, Hymenoptera) on Scotch pine on four study plots in the Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). In total, 6 species of sawflies belonging to two families were found. Nursery Pine Sawfly (Gilpinia frutetorum) with the markedly highest abundance in all study plots is the most numerous species. The highest total abundance of sawfly larvae was found on 20-year-old pine trees of forest stand wall and in close stand of young 10-year-old pines. According to the dendrogram based on Wishart’s index two different groups of sawfly communities are specified: sawfly communities in dense stands in contrast with sawfly communities in open pine stands. Statistically significant difference between the values of Shannon-Wiener’s diversity of sawfly communities in open and dense stands was found. The test ANOSIM shows that there is no significant difference between study plots with regard to species composition of a sawfly community and abundance of individual species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the period of 2008 and 2009, the authors studied and compared taxocoenoses of phyllophagous sawflies (Symphyta, Hymenoptera) on Scotch pine on four study plots in the Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). In total, 6 species of sawflies belonging to two families were found. Nursery Pine Sawfly (Gilpinia frutetorum) with the markedly highest abundance in all study plots is the most numerous species. The highest total abundance of sawfly larvae was found on 20-year-old pine trees of forest stand wall and in close stand of young 10-year-old pines. According to the dendrogram based on Wishart’s index two different groups of sawfly communities are specified: sawfly communities in dense stands in contrast with sawfly communities in open pine stands. Statistically significant difference between the values of Shannon-Wiener’s diversity of sawfly communities in open and dense stands was found. The test ANOSIM shows that there is no significant difference between study plots with regard to species composition of a sawfly community and abundance of individual species. |
Novák, J; Opitz_von_Boberfeld, W; Javoreková, S Impact of deforestation and different agronomical management regimes on biodiversity of mountain ecosystem Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (2), pp. 183-190, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Novák2011, title = {Impact of deforestation and different agronomical management regimes on biodiversity of mountain ecosystem}, author = {J. Novák and W. Opitz_von_Boberfeld and S. Javoreková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/novak.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {183-190}, abstract = {The experiment was carried out on a mountain grassland established at an altitude of 845 m in 2006–2008, after deforestation of naturally reforested pasture. The aim of research was to examine the changes in plant diversity and concentration of ergosterol in above-ground phytomass of grassland with different regimes of management. The increasing of phytodiversity on variants P (grazing), KP (grazing followed by mowing) and BM (control) during 3 years after deforestation is connected with a relatively low proportion of grasses dominated by Agrostis capillaris. A high percentage of legumes, particularly Trifolium repens, was the only presented on variant VP (grazing on burn plots). Higher number of species on variants KP and PP (grazing after reseeding with clover-grass mixture) resulted in a higher index of diversity. The values of Shannon’s index of diversity (H) increased the most on variant PP over the years, where high-value species of grasses sown also influenced the grassland quality (E GQ ). The lowest values of H were achieved on variant VP, where the grassland quality value (E GQ ) was surprisedly the highest due to the dominance of Trifolium repens monoceonosis. On variant BM (without management) the diversity index has decreased due to reforestation (7 kinds of plants). The concentration of ergosterol in the above-ground phytomass of grassland depended on quantity of pathogenic fungi in the soil, and moisture conditions in the autumn of 2006–2008.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The experiment was carried out on a mountain grassland established at an altitude of 845 m in 2006–2008, after deforestation of naturally reforested pasture. The aim of research was to examine the changes in plant diversity and concentration of ergosterol in above-ground phytomass of grassland with different regimes of management. The increasing of phytodiversity on variants P (grazing), KP (grazing followed by mowing) and BM (control) during 3 years after deforestation is connected with a relatively low proportion of grasses dominated by Agrostis capillaris. A high percentage of legumes, particularly Trifolium repens, was the only presented on variant VP (grazing on burn plots). Higher number of species on variants KP and PP (grazing after reseeding with clover-grass mixture) resulted in a higher index of diversity. The values of Shannon’s index of diversity (H) increased the most on variant PP over the years, where high-value species of grasses sown also influenced the grassland quality (E GQ ). The lowest values of H were achieved on variant VP, where the grassland quality value (E GQ ) was surprisedly the highest due to the dominance of Trifolium repens monoceonosis. On variant BM (without management) the diversity index has decreased due to reforestation (7 kinds of plants). The concentration of ergosterol in the above-ground phytomass of grassland depended on quantity of pathogenic fungi in the soil, and moisture conditions in the autumn of 2006–2008. |
➤ Volume 38(1) 2011
Reza_Akbarian, M; Tabari, M; Akbarinia, M; Zarafshar, M; Meave, J A; Yousefzadeh, H; Sattarian, A Effects of elevational gradient on leaf and stomatal morphology of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 1-7, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Reza_Akbarian2011, title = {Effects of elevational gradient on leaf and stomatal morphology of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran}, author = {M. Reza_Akbarian and M. Tabari and M. Akbarinia and M. Zarafshar and J.A. Meave and H. Yousefzadeh and A. Sattarian}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey (Betulaceae) is a commercial, fast growing species that is widely distributed in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran. In this study, the effect of altitude on the whole leaf and stomatal morphology of this species was analyzed. In eastern Mazandaran province, ten sites were selected along an elevational gradient. The altitudinal separation between sites was 100 m. At each site, leaves from six individual trees were collected for determination of leaf traits. Correlation analyses showed a significant, positive relationship of tooth number with altitude, whereas leaf blade and petiole length were significantly but inversely related to this factor. Similarly, stomatal length decreased with the increasing altitude. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify those traits causing the main differentiation between sites. Leaf width and length, together with petiole length, were best correlated with PC1 scores, whereas stomatal traits were best correlated with PC2 scores. The large plasticity of the studied leaf traits of A. subcordata was confirmed through a plasticity analysis (Pl = 0.56). The trait displaying the lowest plasticity was leaf base shape (Pl = 0.2). A high plasticity in leaf traits subjected to environmental fluctuations was also observed, especially for apex length, leaf length, petiole length, tooth number and size of stomata. These findings may explain the broad elevational distribution of A. subcordata in the Hyrcanian forest. It is concluded that leaf base shape is a valuable trait for the taxonomy in the genus Alnus.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey (Betulaceae) is a commercial, fast growing species that is widely distributed in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran. In this study, the effect of altitude on the whole leaf and stomatal morphology of this species was analyzed. In eastern Mazandaran province, ten sites were selected along an elevational gradient. The altitudinal separation between sites was 100 m. At each site, leaves from six individual trees were collected for determination of leaf traits. Correlation analyses showed a significant, positive relationship of tooth number with altitude, whereas leaf blade and petiole length were significantly but inversely related to this factor. Similarly, stomatal length decreased with the increasing altitude. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify those traits causing the main differentiation between sites. Leaf width and length, together with petiole length, were best correlated with PC1 scores, whereas stomatal traits were best correlated with PC2 scores. The large plasticity of the studied leaf traits of A. subcordata was confirmed through a plasticity analysis (Pl = 0.56). The trait displaying the lowest plasticity was leaf base shape (Pl = 0.2). A high plasticity in leaf traits subjected to environmental fluctuations was also observed, especially for apex length, leaf length, petiole length, tooth number and size of stomata. These findings may explain the broad elevational distribution of A. subcordata in the Hyrcanian forest. It is concluded that leaf base shape is a valuable trait for the taxonomy in the genus Alnus. |
Barna, M; Schieber, B Climate response to forest management in beech stands Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 8-16, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Barna2011b, title = {Climate response to forest management in beech stands}, author = {M. Barna and B. Schieber}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {8-16}, abstract = {This work summarises the climatic data assembled in five submountain beech forest stands with different cutting patterns. The highest mean monthly air temperature values in March–July were obtained on a plot with 20-year-old beech thicket (T); in August–October on a stand after light shelterwood cuts (L) and in November–February in a closed stand (C – control). On the contrary, in the summer months June–July the C manifested the lowest temperature values, while in the winter (October–February) the temperature was the lowest on the open area (OA). The maximum one-hour (12-min averages were recorded) temperature increased with decreasing stand density of parent trees. The highest temperature value making 33.3 °C was measured in T, in OA reaching at the same time 32.9 °C, while on the C only 28.9 °C. The highest mean daily temperature showed a similar trend. Maximum soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm on the C occurred from the end of July to the beginning of September. The same hold for this variable on T but with the values lower by about 0.5 °C. The soil temperature at 20 cm had the peak not sooner that in the first ten-day period of September. During the whole period, the difference between the rainfall on OA and the throughfall in the C was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The highest monthly air humidity was always found on the OA, or on the T without parent stand (with variation from 72% in April to 95% in November). The lowest mean air humidity was observed in the densest adult stands: in March–October on plot L and in November–February (after the leaf fall) on the control.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work summarises the climatic data assembled in five submountain beech forest stands with different cutting patterns. The highest mean monthly air temperature values in March–July were obtained on a plot with 20-year-old beech thicket (T); in August–October on a stand after light shelterwood cuts (L) and in November–February in a closed stand (C – control). On the contrary, in the summer months June–July the C manifested the lowest temperature values, while in the winter (October–February) the temperature was the lowest on the open area (OA). The maximum one-hour (12-min averages were recorded) temperature increased with decreasing stand density of parent trees. The highest temperature value making 33.3 °C was measured in T, in OA reaching at the same time 32.9 °C, while on the C only 28.9 °C. The highest mean daily temperature showed a similar trend. Maximum soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm on the C occurred from the end of July to the beginning of September. The same hold for this variable on T but with the values lower by about 0.5 °C. The soil temperature at 20 cm had the peak not sooner that in the first ten-day period of September. During the whole period, the difference between the rainfall on OA and the throughfall in the C was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The highest monthly air humidity was always found on the OA, or on the T without parent stand (with variation from 72% in April to 95% in November). The lowest mean air humidity was observed in the densest adult stands: in March–October on plot L and in November–February (after the leaf fall) on the control. |
Halabuk, A; Gerhátová, K Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 17-27, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Halabuk2011, title = {Comparative study of leaf litter decomposition of exotic and native species in an ecotop of the hornbeam-oak forest near Báb village, SW Slovakia}, author = {A. Halabuk and K. Gerhátová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/3.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {17-27}, abstract = {We present here a comparative study of leaf litter decomposition in some exotic and native species in a hornbeam-oak forest ecosystem. We focused on the exotic invasive species Robinia pseudo- acacia, Ailanthus altissima, Impatiens parviflora and on the expansive native species Alliaria petiolata. These species were compared to the native co-occurring species Acer campestre and Mercurialis perennis. In addition, we studied also cellulose decomposition and site microclimate. We used the litter-bag method on five experimental plots within the managed part of hornbeam- oak forest near Báb, SW Slovakia. The plots were located in closed forest, on forest edge and in a clearing. The course of litter decomposition was fitted with the 1-phase and 2-phase negative exponential decay model for each species. The most conspicuous loss in litter weight was detected in case of the species Impatiens parviflora species (26% of mass remaining), followed by Alliaria petiolata (29% of mass remaining) and Mercurialis perennis (29% of mass remaining). In woody species, the biggest loss of litter was detected in Ailanthus altissima (45% of mass remaining), followed by Acer campestre (63% of mass remaining) and Robinia pseudoacacia (70% of mass remaining). Cellulose decomposition varied significantly in different habitats, with the highest rate in the closed forest. The pattern of herbaceous species was similar. However, this effect of the habitat was not evident in case of woody species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We present here a comparative study of leaf litter decomposition in some exotic and native species in a hornbeam-oak forest ecosystem. We focused on the exotic invasive species Robinia pseudo- acacia, Ailanthus altissima, Impatiens parviflora and on the expansive native species Alliaria petiolata. These species were compared to the native co-occurring species Acer campestre and Mercurialis perennis. In addition, we studied also cellulose decomposition and site microclimate. We used the litter-bag method on five experimental plots within the managed part of hornbeam- oak forest near Báb, SW Slovakia. The plots were located in closed forest, on forest edge and in a clearing. The course of litter decomposition was fitted with the 1-phase and 2-phase negative exponential decay model for each species. The most conspicuous loss in litter weight was detected in case of the species Impatiens parviflora species (26% of mass remaining), followed by Alliaria petiolata (29% of mass remaining) and Mercurialis perennis (29% of mass remaining). In woody species, the biggest loss of litter was detected in Ailanthus altissima (45% of mass remaining), followed by Acer campestre (63% of mass remaining) and Robinia pseudoacacia (70% of mass remaining). Cellulose decomposition varied significantly in different habitats, with the highest rate in the closed forest. The pattern of herbaceous species was similar. However, this effect of the habitat was not evident in case of woody species. |
Hora, P; Štěpánek, P The limits of the vegetative period, defined based on daily mean temperature: a comparison of various approaches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 28-37, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hora2011, title = {The limits of the vegetative period, defined based on daily mean temperature: a comparison of various approaches}, author = {P. Hora and P. Štěpánek}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/4.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {28-37}, abstract = {The vegetative period can be defined by using daily mean temperature values. In Czech and Slovak climatological praxis, temperatures of 5 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C are used to limit different parts of the vegetative period. This article analyses and compares two basic methods for the estimation of the beginning and end date of the vegetative period: a method of consecutive days and a method operating with temperature sums. The first method works only with the number of days with a temperature above the given limit; the second examines the particular temperature values. These two methods (or three – because the first method has two variants, 6 or 5 consecutive days) were tested on a so-called technical series for 268 climatological stations of the Czech Republic and assembled during the period of 1961–2007. Also, long-term averages instead of data from particular years were utilized for analysation. ProClimDB software, which is also available in a freeware version, has been developed for all the calculations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The vegetative period can be defined by using daily mean temperature values. In Czech and Slovak climatological praxis, temperatures of 5 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C are used to limit different parts of the vegetative period. This article analyses and compares two basic methods for the estimation of the beginning and end date of the vegetative period: a method of consecutive days and a method operating with temperature sums. The first method works only with the number of days with a temperature above the given limit; the second examines the particular temperature values. These two methods (or three – because the first method has two variants, 6 or 5 consecutive days) were tested on a so-called technical series for 268 climatological stations of the Czech Republic and assembled during the period of 1961–2007. Also, long-term averages instead of data from particular years were utilized for analysation. ProClimDB software, which is also available in a freeware version, has been developed for all the calculations. |
Jakuš, R; Blaženec, M Response of walking spruce bark beetles Ips typographus to host odours Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 38-45, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Jakuš2011, title = {Response of walking spruce bark beetles Ips typographus to host odours}, author = {R. Jakuš and M. Blaženec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/5.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {38-45}, abstract = {A two-choice walking bioassay olfactometer was used to asses the response of walking Ips typographus (L.) towards the odours from logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) subjected to various treatments. The odour coming from fresh log from standing, unstressed trunk was unattractive or slightly repellent to males over clean air in bioassay. The same odour was neutral or slightly attractive to females. Storing of a log for one month led to increased attractiveness to both sexes. The odour from log after bark beetle breeding was slightly more attractive to both sexes over clean air, excepting very low level of source contact in males. Results on overall attraction are more unclear for females. The level of source contact was the main difference between the males and females. The females manifested higher levels of source contact than males.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A two-choice walking bioassay olfactometer was used to asses the response of walking Ips typographus (L.) towards the odours from logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) subjected to various treatments. The odour coming from fresh log from standing, unstressed trunk was unattractive or slightly repellent to males over clean air in bioassay. The same odour was neutral or slightly attractive to females. Storing of a log for one month led to increased attractiveness to both sexes. The odour from log after bark beetle breeding was slightly more attractive to both sexes over clean air, excepting very low level of source contact in males. Results on overall attraction are more unclear for females. The level of source contact was the main difference between the males and females. The females manifested higher levels of source contact than males. |
Jakuš, R; Blaženec, M; Vojtěch, O Use of anti-attractants in specific conditions of protected areas Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 46-51, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Jakuš2011b, title = {Use of anti-attractants in specific conditions of protected areas}, author = {R. Jakuš and M. Blaženec and O. Vojtěch}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/6.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {46-51}, abstract = {Tests for protection of spruce forest stands against spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) by using anti-attractants were performed in specific conditions of protected areas in which standard sanitary cutting is not allowed. The experiments have shown that application of anti-attractants in a no-cutting zone can significantly reduce bark beetle attacks on the standing trees. In case when the trees at stand edges are not damaged by wind, there is possible to reduce the tree mortality by up to 73%, even in case of large bark beetle populations and even in living green trees growing immediately next to trees attacked by spruce bark beetle. On the other hand, anti-attractants are ineffective at stand edge segments either damaged by freshly wind-thrown or broken trees or wedged with wind-thrown areas, as it was shown in semi-application tests in the NP šumava.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tests for protection of spruce forest stands against spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) by using anti-attractants were performed in specific conditions of protected areas in which standard sanitary cutting is not allowed. The experiments have shown that application of anti-attractants in a no-cutting zone can significantly reduce bark beetle attacks on the standing trees. In case when the trees at stand edges are not damaged by wind, there is possible to reduce the tree mortality by up to 73%, even in case of large bark beetle populations and even in living green trees growing immediately next to trees attacked by spruce bark beetle. On the other hand, anti-attractants are ineffective at stand edge segments either damaged by freshly wind-thrown or broken trees or wedged with wind-thrown areas, as it was shown in semi-application tests in the NP šumava. |
Kulfan, J; Zach, P Successful overwintering of Lepidoptera larvae and eggs on spruce trees uprooted by the wind Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 52-56, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kulfan2011b, title = {Successful overwintering of Lepidoptera larvae and eggs on spruce trees uprooted by the wind}, author = {J. Kulfan and P. Zach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/7.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {52-56}, abstract = {Windstorm on November 19, 2004 seriously affected Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in Tatra Mountains, Northern Slovakia. We studied as to whether moth larvae and eggs overwintered successfully on branches of uprooted spruce trees. Also, we evaluated differences in assemblage structure of overwintering developmental stages of moths between the upper and middle crown area of wind-felled spruce trees. In May 2005, we sampled branches from a total of 12 wind-felled trees in Tichá dolina valley in the altitudes between 1,020 and 1,050 m. From each tree, a total of 30 branches were collected from both its upper and middle crown area. In addition, a total of 400 cones were sampled from the wind-felled trees. Moth larvae or hatched adults were obtained from branches or cones through photoeclectors in the laboratory. Larvae of one species developing in cones (Cydia strobilella), 3 species of bud-borers (Argyresthia glabratella, A. amiantella, A. bergiella), 7 needle spinning species (Batrachedra pinicolella, Chionodes electella, Syndemis musculana, Dichelia histrionana, Pseudohermenias abietana, Epinotia tedella, E. nanana), one free living species (Thera variata) and one species feeding on lichens or algae (fam. Psychidae – Naryciinae, not identified) were recorded. The moth Zeiraphera griseana was the only species overwintering in the egg stage. Branches of uprooted spruce trees hosted all moth species common on living standing spruce trees in other mountain valleys of Tatra Mountains. Specimens of needle-spinning species overwintering in the larval stage were collected in significantly greater numbers on the upper crown than on the middle crown branches of the individual wind-felled trees (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon matched pairs test). In bud-borers, such significant differences were not found. The numbers of moth specimens belonging to the rest feeding groups were low. Successful development of all moth species overwintering on uprooted trees in the larval stage (13 species) was highly likely. Most larvae of Z. griseana emerging from eggs in spring, possibly, died because of the lack of opening buds and young needles on most fallen trees which were drying out gradually.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Windstorm on November 19, 2004 seriously affected Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in Tatra Mountains, Northern Slovakia. We studied as to whether moth larvae and eggs overwintered successfully on branches of uprooted spruce trees. Also, we evaluated differences in assemblage structure of overwintering developmental stages of moths between the upper and middle crown area of wind-felled spruce trees. In May 2005, we sampled branches from a total of 12 wind-felled trees in Tichá dolina valley in the altitudes between 1,020 and 1,050 m. From each tree, a total of 30 branches were collected from both its upper and middle crown area. In addition, a total of 400 cones were sampled from the wind-felled trees. Moth larvae or hatched adults were obtained from branches or cones through photoeclectors in the laboratory. Larvae of one species developing in cones (Cydia strobilella), 3 species of bud-borers (Argyresthia glabratella, A. amiantella, A. bergiella), 7 needle spinning species (Batrachedra pinicolella, Chionodes electella, Syndemis musculana, Dichelia histrionana, Pseudohermenias abietana, Epinotia tedella, E. nanana), one free living species (Thera variata) and one species feeding on lichens or algae (fam. Psychidae – Naryciinae, not identified) were recorded. The moth Zeiraphera griseana was the only species overwintering in the egg stage. Branches of uprooted spruce trees hosted all moth species common on living standing spruce trees in other mountain valleys of Tatra Mountains. Specimens of needle-spinning species overwintering in the larval stage were collected in significantly greater numbers on the upper crown than on the middle crown branches of the individual wind-felled trees (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon matched pairs test). In bud-borers, such significant differences were not found. The numbers of moth specimens belonging to the rest feeding groups were low. Successful development of all moth species overwintering on uprooted trees in the larval stage (13 species) was highly likely. Most larvae of Z. griseana emerging from eggs in spring, possibly, died because of the lack of opening buds and young needles on most fallen trees which were drying out gradually. |
Majzlan, O; Fedor, P J Seasonal dynamics of geobiont arthropods in mountainous spruce forests with a special emphasis on beetles (Coleoptera) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 57-65, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Majzlan2011, title = {Seasonal dynamics of geobiont arthropods in mountainous spruce forests with a special emphasis on beetles (Coleoptera)}, author = {O. Majzlan and P.J. Fedor}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/8.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {57-65}, abstract = {Eclosion phenology of beetles (Coleoptera) was studied using soil photoeclectors (POT) at 3 study sites along the Tichá dolina valley, the Vysoké Tatry Mts (Slovakia). In the vegetation period 2008 (144 days), the average abundance of arthropods reached the value of 2,763 ex. m –2 . Arthropods were represented by 24 orders, including dominant Diptera (30.0%), Hymenoptera (11.5%) and Araneae (11.7%). The community of Coleoptera (7.6%) included 145 species of 29 families and culminated in June at all the study sites, varying between 181 and 1,016 ex. m –2 . The main goal of the project was to analyse changes in seasonal dynamics of geobiont arthropods, particularly beetles (Coleoptera).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Eclosion phenology of beetles (Coleoptera) was studied using soil photoeclectors (POT) at 3 study sites along the Tichá dolina valley, the Vysoké Tatry Mts (Slovakia). In the vegetation period 2008 (144 days), the average abundance of arthropods reached the value of 2,763 ex. m –2 . Arthropods were represented by 24 orders, including dominant Diptera (30.0%), Hymenoptera (11.5%) and Araneae (11.7%). The community of Coleoptera (7.6%) included 145 species of 29 families and culminated in June at all the study sites, varying between 181 and 1,016 ex. m –2 . The main goal of the project was to analyse changes in seasonal dynamics of geobiont arthropods, particularly beetles (Coleoptera). |
Martazinova, V; Ivanova, O; Shadra, O Climate and treeline dynamics in the Ukrainian Carpathians Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 66-72, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martazinova2011, title = {Climate and treeline dynamics in the Ukrainian Carpathians Mts}, author = {V. Martazinova and O. Ivanova and O Shadra}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/9.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {66-72}, abstract = {In this paper we examine climate change and treeline dynamics of the Ukrainian Carpathians Mts during the 20 th century. Changes in atmospheric circulation responsible for higher summer and winter temperatures are examined. Comparison of treeline positions in 1930s and 2000 reveals a decrease of area above the treeline and a general rise of treeline elevation, mostly in places where the treeline is formed by coniferous species. However, at locations with predominantly deciduous species there is little or no change. The magnitude of change is spatially heterogeneous. We consider warmer temperatures, among other relevant factors, to have impacted the observed treeline changes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper we examine climate change and treeline dynamics of the Ukrainian Carpathians Mts during the 20 th century. Changes in atmospheric circulation responsible for higher summer and winter temperatures are examined. Comparison of treeline positions in 1930s and 2000 reveals a decrease of area above the treeline and a general rise of treeline elevation, mostly in places where the treeline is formed by coniferous species. However, at locations with predominantly deciduous species there is little or no change. The magnitude of change is spatially heterogeneous. We consider warmer temperatures, among other relevant factors, to have impacted the observed treeline changes. |
Mihál, I Occurrence of fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae, Nectriaceae) in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 80-88, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2011, title = {Occurrence of fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae, Nectriaceae) in Slovakia}, author = {I. Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/11.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {80-88}, abstract = {In this work we present the recent data on occurrence of 22 fungal species belonging to the Nectria genus s.l. – of families Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae, the occurrence of which in Slovakia was recorded in our survey and/or which were already recorded and published by other authors in the past. For each individual species, we describe its ecological features and its significance in terms of phytopathology. Sporadic occurrence has been found for the species Cosmospora coccinea, C. purtonii, Hydropisphaeria peziza, Nectria berolinensis, Nectriopsis violacea, Neonectria ditis- sima, N. fuckeliana, N. punicea. The first records in Slovakia hold for the species Nectria coryli, Neonectria radicicola, Monographella nivalis, Paranectria oropensis, Pronectria pertusariicola, Pseudonectria rousseliana and Sphaerostibella aureonitens. Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriop- sis indigens and Pronectria tincta can also be considered as very rare and, related to the record date, also threatened of even extinct from the Slovak mycoflora.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work we present the recent data on occurrence of 22 fungal species belonging to the Nectria genus s.l. – of families Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae, the occurrence of which in Slovakia was recorded in our survey and/or which were already recorded and published by other authors in the past. For each individual species, we describe its ecological features and its significance in terms of phytopathology. Sporadic occurrence has been found for the species Cosmospora coccinea, C. purtonii, Hydropisphaeria peziza, Nectria berolinensis, Nectriopsis violacea, Neonectria ditis- sima, N. fuckeliana, N. punicea. The first records in Slovakia hold for the species Nectria coryli, Neonectria radicicola, Monographella nivalis, Paranectria oropensis, Pronectria pertusariicola, Pseudonectria rousseliana and Sphaerostibella aureonitens. Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriop- sis indigens and Pronectria tincta can also be considered as very rare and, related to the record date, also threatened of even extinct from the Slovak mycoflora. |
Mihál, I; Astaloš, B Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) in disturbed forest ecosystems of the Low and High Tatras Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 89-95, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2011b, title = {Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) in disturbed forest ecosystems of the Low and High Tatras Mts}, author = {I. Mihál and B. Astaloš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/12.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {89-95}, abstract = {The work presents a summary of harvestmen findings from area of the Low and High Tatras Mts. Total 17 harvestmen species were recorded in the 11 studied localities. This amount represents almost 51.5% of the total species diversity of harvestmen fauna in Slovakia. There were recorded thermophilous species such as Dicranolasma scabrum and Egaenus convexus, a typically mountainous species Ischyropsalis manicata and a Carpathian endemite Paranemastoma kochi. Discussed is use of the species spectrum of harvestmen in the Low and High Tatras Mts in bio-monitoring of structural changes in forest ecosystems affected by the extensive wind disturbance in year 2004 causing damage to both mountain ranges.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The work presents a summary of harvestmen findings from area of the Low and High Tatras Mts. Total 17 harvestmen species were recorded in the 11 studied localities. This amount represents almost 51.5% of the total species diversity of harvestmen fauna in Slovakia. There were recorded thermophilous species such as Dicranolasma scabrum and Egaenus convexus, a typically mountainous species Ischyropsalis manicata and a Carpathian endemite Paranemastoma kochi. Discussed is use of the species spectrum of harvestmen in the Low and High Tatras Mts in bio-monitoring of structural changes in forest ecosystems affected by the extensive wind disturbance in year 2004 causing damage to both mountain ranges. |
Nunes, J; Andrade, J; Abreu, F; Gazarini, L; Madeira, M Microclimatic specificity of a Mediterranean oak woodland (montado) in context of global change Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 96-103, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Nunes2011, title = {Microclimatic specificity of a Mediterranean oak woodland (montado) in context of global change}, author = {J. Nunes and J. Andrade and F. Abreu and L. Gazarini and M. Madeira}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/13.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {96-103}, abstract = {The effects of oak trees on microclimatic parameters in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. woodland in Alentejo, Southern Portugal, are reported. The results show that oak trees create a marked differentiation in the grass matrix between open and tree-canopied habitats. Compared to open areas, oak canopy cover is associated with lower soil moisture content, lower soil temperature and lower photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Soil temperature values outside the canopy shelter are generally higher than under the canopy, even two-fold during the winter. The decrease in soil water content is more rapid in areas not affected by tree canopy, but the recharge is earlier faster. PAR intercepted by tree canopy exceeds 60%, affecting dramatically production in herbs. Different climatic conditions at presence of trees, associated with higher variability in chemistry environment under the canopy, if combined with the IPCC forecasts for the Mediterranean region, pose new challenges in management of the montado areas.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of oak trees on microclimatic parameters in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. woodland in Alentejo, Southern Portugal, are reported. The results show that oak trees create a marked differentiation in the grass matrix between open and tree-canopied habitats. Compared to open areas, oak canopy cover is associated with lower soil moisture content, lower soil temperature and lower photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Soil temperature values outside the canopy shelter are generally higher than under the canopy, even two-fold during the winter. The decrease in soil water content is more rapid in areas not affected by tree canopy, but the recharge is earlier faster. PAR intercepted by tree canopy exceeds 60%, affecting dramatically production in herbs. Different climatic conditions at presence of trees, associated with higher variability in chemistry environment under the canopy, if combined with the IPCC forecasts for the Mediterranean region, pose new challenges in management of the montado areas. |
Saniga, M Bird communities in the natural spruce-beech forests in the Veľká Fatra Mts, Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 104-109, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Saniga2011, title = {Bird communities in the natural spruce-beech forests in the Veľká Fatra Mts, Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/14.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {104-109}, abstract = {The qualitative-quantitative composition of bird communities in the natural spruce-beech forests in the Veľká Fatra mountains (Slovakia) was studied during the spring season (April–June) in 2008–2010, using the strip transect method on three study plots. The bird assemblage of the investigated spruce-beech forests comprised 49 bird species at a density of 58.4 ind. per 10 ha. Bird community in the natural spruce-beech forest Skalná alpa was the richest (49 species at a density of 62.5 ind./10 ha). At the locality Suchý vrch were found 48 species at a density of 57.8 ind./10 ha, on the study plot Čierny kameň were identified 45 species at a density of 55.4 ind./10 ha.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The qualitative-quantitative composition of bird communities in the natural spruce-beech forests in the Veľká Fatra mountains (Slovakia) was studied during the spring season (April–June) in 2008–2010, using the strip transect method on three study plots. The bird assemblage of the investigated spruce-beech forests comprised 49 bird species at a density of 58.4 ind. per 10 ha. Bird community in the natural spruce-beech forest Skalná alpa was the richest (49 species at a density of 62.5 ind./10 ha). At the locality Suchý vrch were found 48 species at a density of 57.8 ind./10 ha, on the study plot Čierny kameň were identified 45 species at a density of 55.4 ind./10 ha. |
Saniga, M Why the capercaillie population (Tetrao urogallus L.) in mountain forests in the Central Slovakia decline? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 110-117, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Saniga2011b, title = {Why the capercaillie population (Tetrao urogallus L.) in mountain forests in the Central Slovakia decline?}, author = {M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/15.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {110-117}, abstract = {From 1981–2010, population dynamics of the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus L. was studied on forty-three leks in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Nest and chick losses were also studied. Altogether, 94 nests with clutches, 124 hens with chicks in June and 132 in the period between 1 st August and 15 th September were checked. Results demonstrate a marked decrease (>50%) in numbers of cocks and hens on twelve monitored leks (28%) and a slight decrease (<50%) on ten display grounds (24%). During the study period, capercaillie cocks became extinct on eleven (25%) leks and in their surroundings. More or less constant numbers were found on only eight leks (19%) and a slight increase occurred on only 2 leks (4%). The mean number of juveniles per a hen was 1.9 over the whole study. The average number of chicks accompanying a hen significantly decreased during the study period. Female chicks were consistently outnumbering male chicks. Predation appeared to be of major importance in limiting numbers of capercaillie chicks. Out of 94 capercaillie clutches 59 (63%) were destroyed. Predaceous pressure on chicks was high in spite of the fact that with progressing breeding season, the food offer for predators was continually increasing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } From 1981–2010, population dynamics of the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus L. was studied on forty-three leks in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Nest and chick losses were also studied. Altogether, 94 nests with clutches, 124 hens with chicks in June and 132 in the period between 1 st August and 15 th September were checked. Results demonstrate a marked decrease (>50%) in numbers of cocks and hens on twelve monitored leks (28%) and a slight decrease (<50%) on ten display grounds (24%). During the study period, capercaillie cocks became extinct on eleven (25%) leks and in their surroundings. More or less constant numbers were found on only eight leks (19%) and a slight increase occurred on only 2 leks (4%). The mean number of juveniles per a hen was 1.9 over the whole study. The average number of chicks accompanying a hen significantly decreased during the study period. Female chicks were consistently outnumbering male chicks. Predation appeared to be of major importance in limiting numbers of capercaillie chicks. Out of 94 capercaillie clutches 59 (63%) were destroyed. Predaceous pressure on chicks was high in spite of the fact that with progressing breeding season, the food offer for predators was continually increasing. |
Šuleková, A; Kodrík, M The impact of ungulate game on natural regeneration in a fir-beech national nature reserve, Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 118-125, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Šuleková2011, title = {The impact of ungulate game on natural regeneration in a fir-beech national nature reserve, Western Carpathians}, author = {A. Šuleková and M. Kodrík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/16.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {118-125}, abstract = {The objective of this work was to assess the impact of ungulates on the natural regeneration of woods in a model area within the National Nature Reserve (NNR) of Mláčik – by comparing marked specimens within a pair of research areas. Damage to the naturally regenerating woods was analyzed, the impact of damage to height growth, the impact of game species on the development of the number of trees and their species represented within the growth. The measurements began in the autumn 2007, then they were repeated twice a year (spring, when damage caused by ungulates during the winter was surveyed, and in the autumn – for the damage caused during the summer). The saplings found in the NNR Mláčik are: ash, beech, sycamore, elm, fir, and Wild Service Tree. Scattered are aspen, birch and willow. Ash, fir, maple and elm suffer the most damage due to gnawing. As the regeneration of fir saplings occurs only sporadically, this species may be considered the most endangered tree within the reservation. After two years of protection, significant differences were found in the number of fir trees between the open areas in comparison to the enclosed areas. From the degree of damage and significantly reduced numbers one, can ascertain its high attractiveness to the game. Overall, beech is the least damaged species by game, with only a marginal difference recorded between the plots (fenced and unfenced).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of this work was to assess the impact of ungulates on the natural regeneration of woods in a model area within the National Nature Reserve (NNR) of Mláčik – by comparing marked specimens within a pair of research areas. Damage to the naturally regenerating woods was analyzed, the impact of damage to height growth, the impact of game species on the development of the number of trees and their species represented within the growth. The measurements began in the autumn 2007, then they were repeated twice a year (spring, when damage caused by ungulates during the winter was surveyed, and in the autumn – for the damage caused during the summer). The saplings found in the NNR Mláčik are: ash, beech, sycamore, elm, fir, and Wild Service Tree. Scattered are aspen, birch and willow. Ash, fir, maple and elm suffer the most damage due to gnawing. As the regeneration of fir saplings occurs only sporadically, this species may be considered the most endangered tree within the reservation. After two years of protection, significant differences were found in the number of fir trees between the open areas in comparison to the enclosed areas. From the degree of damage and significantly reduced numbers one, can ascertain its high attractiveness to the game. Overall, beech is the least damaged species by game, with only a marginal difference recorded between the plots (fenced and unfenced). |
Tobiašová, E Land use influence on micro-aggregates Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 126-132, 2011, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tobiašová2011, title = {Land use influence on micro-aggregates}, author = {E. Tobiašová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/17.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {126-132}, abstract = {There were assessed differences in micro-aggregate composition depending on soil organic matter and soil texture in different ecosystems (forest, meadow and urban ecosystems and in agro-ecosystems on various plots) on Eutric Fluvisols and Haplic Chernozems. Micro-aggregate formation is influenced mainly by soil texture, but in agro-ecosystems, the quantity and quality of soil organic matter play an important role. The content of total organic carbon and its labile fraction positively influence creation of micro-aggregates larger than 0.01 mm. In relation to the quality of soil organic matter, creation of micro-aggregates is influenced mainly by the stabilised humus substances. In this research, the effect of humic acids was positive in case of smaller aggregates, but in case of their bound with the larger fraction of 0.25 mm their degradation occurred, thus the soil organic matter was less stabilised. Conversely, content of fulvic acids was mostly in negative correlation with the individual micro-aggregate fractions, but in case of micro-aggregates to 0.001 mm it was the positive correlation, because with increasing formation of aggressive humus substances, clay content is increasing, as well. Soil organic matter plays an important role especially in the creation of larger aggregates.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There were assessed differences in micro-aggregate composition depending on soil organic matter and soil texture in different ecosystems (forest, meadow and urban ecosystems and in agro-ecosystems on various plots) on Eutric Fluvisols and Haplic Chernozems. Micro-aggregate formation is influenced mainly by soil texture, but in agro-ecosystems, the quantity and quality of soil organic matter play an important role. The content of total organic carbon and its labile fraction positively influence creation of micro-aggregates larger than 0.01 mm. In relation to the quality of soil organic matter, creation of micro-aggregates is influenced mainly by the stabilised humus substances. In this research, the effect of humic acids was positive in case of smaller aggregates, but in case of their bound with the larger fraction of 0.25 mm their degradation occurred, thus the soil organic matter was less stabilised. Conversely, content of fulvic acids was mostly in negative correlation with the individual micro-aggregate fractions, but in case of micro-aggregates to 0.001 mm it was the positive correlation, because with increasing formation of aggressive humus substances, clay content is increasing, as well. Soil organic matter plays an important role especially in the creation of larger aggregates. |
Mezei, P; Jakuš, R; Blaženec, M; Belánová, S; Šmídt, J Population dynamics of spruce bark beetle in a nature reserve in relation to stand edges conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 38 (1), pp. 73-79, 2011, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mezei2011, title = {Population dynamics of spruce bark beetle in a nature reserve in relation to stand edges conditions}, author = {P. Mezei and R. Jakuš and M. Blaženec and S. Belánová and J. Šmídt}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {73-79}, abstract = {Over the period 2006–2009 spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus [L.]) population was monitored after two windstorm events in a nature reserve in Slovak Ore Mountains. The monitoring was carried out with pheromone traps in three different forest edges: 1) edge of wind-felled trees area, 2) disturbed stand edge and 3) undisturbed stand edge. The one-way ANOVAconfirmed statistically significant differences among stand edges in each year and a post-hoc test was applied. In first two years after the primary disturbance the most attractive for spruce bark beetle was the edge of wind-felled trees area. After two years from the primary disturbance the most attractive became the disturbed stand edge. The undisturbed stand edge showed a similar attractivity for spruce bark beetles almost over the whole monitoring period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the period 2006–2009 spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus [L.]) population was monitored after two windstorm events in a nature reserve in Slovak Ore Mountains. The monitoring was carried out with pheromone traps in three different forest edges: 1) edge of wind-felled trees area, 2) disturbed stand edge and 3) undisturbed stand edge. The one-way ANOVAconfirmed statistically significant differences among stand edges in each year and a post-hoc test was applied. In first two years after the primary disturbance the most attractive for spruce bark beetle was the edge of wind-felled trees area. After two years from the primary disturbance the most attractive became the disturbed stand edge. The undisturbed stand edge showed a similar attractivity for spruce bark beetles almost over the whole monitoring period. |
➤ Volume 37(2) 2010
Mauer, O; Palátová, E Development and health condition of the root system of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the region of the Jeseníky Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 191-204, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mauer2010191, title = {Development and health condition of the root system of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the region of the Jeseníky Mts}, author = {O Mauer and E Palátová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_mauer.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {191-204}, abstract = {The paper analyzes development and health condition of the root systems of visually healthy and declining Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees at three sites of the Jeseníky Mts. Affected by the decline were trees of all age classes. Unlike naturally regenerated trees, all of the analyzed declining trees had their root systems malformed into tangles. The root systems of all the declining and the majority of healthy trees were infested by honey fungus (Armillaria sp.). The declining trees did not show any nutritional deficiency. Up to the Forest Altitudinal Vegetation Zone 4 (GFT 4B), spruces do not grow in the ecological optimum. After weakening due water shortage, the root systems become infested by honey fungus which induces root, stem base and bole rots. As a result of malformations, the declining trees in Forest Altitudinal Vegetation Zones 7 and 8 (forest type group 7S, 8S) have always significantly smaller root systems colonized by honey fungus and characteristic lower rooting depth. Honey fungus does not affect root, stem base or bole rots. The declining trees have less biomass, lower vitality and suffer from mycorrhizal infection of fine roots.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper analyzes development and health condition of the root systems of visually healthy and declining Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees at three sites of the Jeseníky Mts. Affected by the decline were trees of all age classes. Unlike naturally regenerated trees, all of the analyzed declining trees had their root systems malformed into tangles. The root systems of all the declining and the majority of healthy trees were infested by honey fungus (Armillaria sp.). The declining trees did not show any nutritional deficiency. Up to the Forest Altitudinal Vegetation Zone 4 (GFT 4B), spruces do not grow in the ecological optimum. After weakening due water shortage, the root systems become infested by honey fungus which induces root, stem base and bole rots. As a result of malformations, the declining trees in Forest Altitudinal Vegetation Zones 7 and 8 (forest type group 7S, 8S) have always significantly smaller root systems colonized by honey fungus and characteristic lower rooting depth. Honey fungus does not affect root, stem base or bole rots. The declining trees have less biomass, lower vitality and suffer from mycorrhizal infection of fine roots. |
Fischer, M; Trnka, M; Kučera, J; Žalud, Z Folia Oecologica, 73 (2), pp. 222-224, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Fischer2010222, title = {Erratum: Soil water availability in a short rotation poplar coppice (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii) in Czech-Moravian Highlands (Folia Oecologica 37 (23-34))}, author = {M Fischer and M Trnka and J Kučera and Z Žalud}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_erratum.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {73}, number = {2}, pages = {222-224}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Mihál, I; Gajdoš, P Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) with notes on their habitat requirements in selected areas of Central Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 205-211, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mihál2010205, title = {Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) with notes on their habitat requirements in selected areas of Central Slovakia}, author = {I Mihál and P Gajdoš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_mihal.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {205-211}, abstract = {In some areas of Central Slovakia, the occurrence of harvestmen (Opiliones) species has been investigated fairly well; however, the data from other parts of the country are both scarce and out-of-date, or they have not been published yet. This work presents a summary of harvestmen species identified in the material sampled over the period 2003-2009, in 13 selected localities in the following geomorphological units in Central Slovakia: the Cerová vrchovina Hills, Horehronské podolie Valley, Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin, Pol'ana Mts, Revúcka vrchovina Hills, Slovenský kras Karst, Strážovské vrchy Mts and Zvolenská kotlina Basin. Altogether there have been identified 21 harvestmen species - representing 63.6% of the Slovak opiliofauna. There have been recorded thermophilous species like Dicranolasma scabrum, Egaenus convexus and Zacheus crista, as well as invasive thermophilous Nelima semproni. The work is the most recent and most comprehensive contribution to the knowledge of harvestmen species diversity, especially in the Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin and several mountain units in Central Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In some areas of Central Slovakia, the occurrence of harvestmen (Opiliones) species has been investigated fairly well; however, the data from other parts of the country are both scarce and out-of-date, or they have not been published yet. This work presents a summary of harvestmen species identified in the material sampled over the period 2003-2009, in 13 selected localities in the following geomorphological units in Central Slovakia: the Cerová vrchovina Hills, Horehronské podolie Valley, Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin, Pol'ana Mts, Revúcka vrchovina Hills, Slovenský kras Karst, Strážovské vrchy Mts and Zvolenská kotlina Basin. Altogether there have been identified 21 harvestmen species - representing 63.6% of the Slovak opiliofauna. There have been recorded thermophilous species like Dicranolasma scabrum, Egaenus convexus and Zacheus crista, as well as invasive thermophilous Nelima semproni. The work is the most recent and most comprehensive contribution to the knowledge of harvestmen species diversity, especially in the Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin and several mountain units in Central Slovakia. |
Barta, M Preliminary evaluation of insect-pathogenic Hypocreales against Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in laboratory conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 137-143, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Barta2010137, title = {Preliminary evaluation of insect-pathogenic Hypocreales against Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in laboratory conditions}, author = {M Barta}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_barta.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {137-143}, abstract = {Leptoglossus occidentalis, a species native to North America, is considered a major pest of conifer seed orchards in its natural area of distribution. Recently, the seed bug was accidentally introduced into southern Europe and its populations have been expanding throughout Europe. In the course of population study of this seed bug in Slovakia, two entomopathogenic fungi were identified from dead individuals, Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana. In the present study, we evaluated pathogenicity of six indigenous isolates of three entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana, I. fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae, to adults of the exotic coreid bug under laboratory conditions. All the isolates were virulent to the seed bug, but pathogenicity varied significantly among the isolates. Generally, isolates obtained from naturally infected L. occidentalis were more virulent than those isolated from soil samples. The LC50 values, as estimated by probit analysis, ranged from 0.86 to 84.68 × 105 conidia/ml and I. fumosorosea isolates reached the lowest median lethal concentrations. The results of this bioassay showed that I. fumosorosea a has potential as a microbial control agent of L. occidentalis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Leptoglossus occidentalis, a species native to North America, is considered a major pest of conifer seed orchards in its natural area of distribution. Recently, the seed bug was accidentally introduced into southern Europe and its populations have been expanding throughout Europe. In the course of population study of this seed bug in Slovakia, two entomopathogenic fungi were identified from dead individuals, Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana. In the present study, we evaluated pathogenicity of six indigenous isolates of three entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana, I. fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae, to adults of the exotic coreid bug under laboratory conditions. All the isolates were virulent to the seed bug, but pathogenicity varied significantly among the isolates. Generally, isolates obtained from naturally infected L. occidentalis were more virulent than those isolated from soil samples. The LC50 values, as estimated by probit analysis, ranged from 0.86 to 84.68 × 105 conidia/ml and I. fumosorosea isolates reached the lowest median lethal concentrations. The results of this bioassay showed that I. fumosorosea a has potential as a microbial control agent of L. occidentalis. |
Kooch, Y; Hosseini, S M Response of earthworms biomass and diversity to windthrow events and soil properties in Hyrcanian forests of Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 181-190, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kooch2010181, title = {Response of earthworms biomass and diversity to windthrow events and soil properties in Hyrcanian forests of Iran}, author = {Y Kooch and S M Hosseini}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_kooch.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {181-190}, abstract = {Uprooting is a major disturbance factor in most natural forests. Little work has been done concerning the effects of uprooting on soil properties and fauna. This paper focuses the effects of tree uprooting on some soil properties, earthworm biomass and species diversity in Sardabrood forests of Chalous in Hyrcanian forest, northern Iran. For this purpose, twenty seven single-tree gap sites in mixed beech forests were selected at 700-1,300 m altitude range, seventeen sites dominated by beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and ten by hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). Four microsites were distinguished at each site: mound top (mound), pit bottom (pit), gap in the canopy (gap) and closed canopy (canopy). Soil samples were taken at 10 cm depth from all microsites. Earthworms were collected by hand sorting, simultaneously with the soil sampling. Soil acidity, water content, total carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio were measured in the laboratory. The impact of uprooting disturbance on soil properties was found significant. The total earthworm number and biomass differed significantly among the mentioned sites and microsites. The number and biomass amount of earthworms showed decreasing trend from undisturbed (closed canopy) to disturbed sites (gap, pit and mound). This trend is mainly caused by number and biomass of endogeic ecological group of earthworms. No earthworms were found in mound microsites. Thus, the windthrow generally reduced the activity and abundance of the earthworms. Our results suggest that windthrow should be considered effectively influencing soil diversity in context of forest ecology. This is significant for evaluating forest management policies and practices with respect to impacts on soil and also for the use of soils as indicators of forest ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Uprooting is a major disturbance factor in most natural forests. Little work has been done concerning the effects of uprooting on soil properties and fauna. This paper focuses the effects of tree uprooting on some soil properties, earthworm biomass and species diversity in Sardabrood forests of Chalous in Hyrcanian forest, northern Iran. For this purpose, twenty seven single-tree gap sites in mixed beech forests were selected at 700-1,300 m altitude range, seventeen sites dominated by beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and ten by hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). Four microsites were distinguished at each site: mound top (mound), pit bottom (pit), gap in the canopy (gap) and closed canopy (canopy). Soil samples were taken at 10 cm depth from all microsites. Earthworms were collected by hand sorting, simultaneously with the soil sampling. Soil acidity, water content, total carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio were measured in the laboratory. The impact of uprooting disturbance on soil properties was found significant. The total earthworm number and biomass differed significantly among the mentioned sites and microsites. The number and biomass amount of earthworms showed decreasing trend from undisturbed (closed canopy) to disturbed sites (gap, pit and mound). This trend is mainly caused by number and biomass of endogeic ecological group of earthworms. No earthworms were found in mound microsites. Thus, the windthrow generally reduced the activity and abundance of the earthworms. Our results suggest that windthrow should be considered effectively influencing soil diversity in context of forest ecology. This is significant for evaluating forest management policies and practices with respect to impacts on soil and also for the use of soils as indicators of forest ecosystems. |
Barna, M; Sedmák, R; Marušák, R Response of European beech radial growth to shelterwood cutting Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 125-136, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Barna2010125, title = {Response of European beech radial growth to shelterwood cutting}, author = {M Barna and R Sedmák and R Marušák}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_barna.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {125-136}, abstract = {There were investigated possibilities of varying cutting intensities and cycles optimization within shelterwood system applied in beech stands growing in a suitable site conditions. The study was based on dendrochronological analysis of increments on radial discs taken from three different stem heights from sample trees representing the means for individual tree classes, selected on sample plots differing in cutting intensity (residual stocking 0.3-0.5-0.7 and control plot 0.9). The decrease in the stand density due to the cutting induced a significant radial growth increase in the sample trees, even in the advanced age (100 years). The decrease in stand stocking by 0.1 was reflected in a linear radial growth enhancement by on average 17%. The subdominant trees were best responding to the release (radial growth enhancement up to 200% after the heavy cut), followed by co-dominant and dominant trees (enhancement app. 45% and 25%). The period of the positive increment response depends on the cutting intensity, e.g. trees on the plot after heavy cut (stocking 0.3) showed a positive increment response over the whole 8 (7)-year period after the intervention across the whole stand profile, but trees on the plot after light cut (stocking 0.7) subjected to a light cut showed an increased increment only for 2-3 years, and no response was found in the subdominant trees.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There were investigated possibilities of varying cutting intensities and cycles optimization within shelterwood system applied in beech stands growing in a suitable site conditions. The study was based on dendrochronological analysis of increments on radial discs taken from three different stem heights from sample trees representing the means for individual tree classes, selected on sample plots differing in cutting intensity (residual stocking 0.3-0.5-0.7 and control plot 0.9). The decrease in the stand density due to the cutting induced a significant radial growth increase in the sample trees, even in the advanced age (100 years). The decrease in stand stocking by 0.1 was reflected in a linear radial growth enhancement by on average 17%. The subdominant trees were best responding to the release (radial growth enhancement up to 200% after the heavy cut), followed by co-dominant and dominant trees (enhancement app. 45% and 25%). The period of the positive increment response depends on the cutting intensity, e.g. trees on the plot after heavy cut (stocking 0.3) showed a positive increment response over the whole 8 (7)-year period after the intervention across the whole stand profile, but trees on the plot after light cut (stocking 0.7) subjected to a light cut showed an increased increment only for 2-3 years, and no response was found in the subdominant trees. |
Ivanová, H; Bernadovičová, S Species diversity of microscopic fungi on Austrian pines growing in urban greenery of Nitra town Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 168-180, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Ivanová2010168, title = {Species diversity of microscopic fungi on Austrian pines growing in urban greenery of Nitra town}, author = {H Ivanová and S Bernadovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_ivanova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {168-180}, abstract = {During the year 2009, complex mycoflora of Austrian pine trees (Pinus nigra Arnold) was monitored within a survey on health state of trees growing in urban environment. Four species of microscopic fungi were isolated and identified from samples collected from different part of Nitra town during the study period. This study reports the occurrence of the fungi Camarosporium pini (Westend.) Sacc., Fusarium sp. and Mycosphaerella dearnessii M.E. Barr on needles and Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton on needles and cones of P. nigra. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture and distinctive morphological features are described. The presence of these fungi in host tissue of symptomatic trees has been described using classical phytopathological approaches and microscopical identification based on morphological keys. Sphaeropsis sapinea was identified on pine needles and cones in all examined samples with high frequency. The occurrence of Fusarium and Camarosporium fungi was relatively common. Mycosphaerella dearnessii was found as a fungal pathogen with sporadical incidence, its presence was noticed only in two cases from the all examined samples.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the year 2009, complex mycoflora of Austrian pine trees (Pinus nigra Arnold) was monitored within a survey on health state of trees growing in urban environment. Four species of microscopic fungi were isolated and identified from samples collected from different part of Nitra town during the study period. This study reports the occurrence of the fungi Camarosporium pini (Westend.) Sacc., Fusarium sp. and Mycosphaerella dearnessii M.E. Barr on needles and Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton on needles and cones of P. nigra. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture and distinctive morphological features are described. The presence of these fungi in host tissue of symptomatic trees has been described using classical phytopathological approaches and microscopical identification based on morphological keys. Sphaeropsis sapinea was identified on pine needles and cones in all examined samples with high frequency. The occurrence of Fusarium and Camarosporium fungi was relatively common. Mycosphaerella dearnessii was found as a fungal pathogen with sporadical incidence, its presence was noticed only in two cases from the all examined samples. |
Chovancová, G; Križová, E Succesional development of vegetation on permanent plots in the High Tatra Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 144-151, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Chovancová2010144, title = {Succesional development of vegetation on permanent plots in the High Tatra Mts}, author = {G Chovancová and E Križová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_Chovancova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {144-151}, abstract = {This paper deals with development of vegetation in the High Tatra Mts, following the wind storm on November 19, 2004. The issue has been discussed with data acquired from permanent plots established for this purpose on various windfall-affected sites allowing comparing among effects of various management treatments. The research plots series consists of a control plot unaffected by the windstorm (REF), a plot which the windthrown timber has been removed from (EXT), six plots affected by fire (FIR), a plot with windthrown timber, left to self-development (NEX), and a hydrologically managed plot (WTR). On these plots, phytosociological relevés were recorded from 2005 to 2008. The data were subjected to table analysis with using the Braun-Blanquet approach, and statistically processed with the CANOCO software. The communities were compared through PCA and CCA analyses. PCA has resulted in indicating as the most similar sites REF and NEX with typical forest plant species associated with moist, shady and cool sites, and acidic, nutrient-poor soils. The sites FIR, EXT and WTR showed opposite tendencies. Conditions typical for these sites were preferred by species indicating sunny and warm sites, richer in nutrients.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper deals with development of vegetation in the High Tatra Mts, following the wind storm on November 19, 2004. The issue has been discussed with data acquired from permanent plots established for this purpose on various windfall-affected sites allowing comparing among effects of various management treatments. The research plots series consists of a control plot unaffected by the windstorm (REF), a plot which the windthrown timber has been removed from (EXT), six plots affected by fire (FIR), a plot with windthrown timber, left to self-development (NEX), and a hydrologically managed plot (WTR). On these plots, phytosociological relevés were recorded from 2005 to 2008. The data were subjected to table analysis with using the Braun-Blanquet approach, and statistically processed with the CANOCO software. The communities were compared through PCA and CCA analyses. PCA has resulted in indicating as the most similar sites REF and NEX with typical forest plant species associated with moist, shady and cool sites, and acidic, nutrient-poor soils. The sites FIR, EXT and WTR showed opposite tendencies. Conditions typical for these sites were preferred by species indicating sunny and warm sites, richer in nutrients. |
Hečková, Z; Adamčíková, K; Košt'ál, J The black pine health condition in the Zoborské vrchy Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 162-167, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Hečková2010162, title = {The black pine health condition in the Zoborské vrchy Mts}, author = {Z Hečková and K Adamčíková and J Košt'ál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_Heckovapdf.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {162-167}, abstract = {The introduced black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) has been planted for its resistance to pollution and biotic harmful factors. However, nowadays the species appears drying up. The object of this paper is to assess the measure of damage, to identify the reason for its injury and to estimate the measure of the influence of the black pine stands in the Zoborské vrchy Mts in the years 2007 and 2008. An occurrence of the Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiffermüler), was identified on a tree shoot. On each spot, there have been assessed the degree of damage to the trees by all relevant harmful factors and intensity of infestation by the Rhyacionia buoliana. It has been found out, that the spots have different degree of damage by all harmful factors, as well as the intensity of infestation by the Rhyacionia buoliana.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The introduced black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) has been planted for its resistance to pollution and biotic harmful factors. However, nowadays the species appears drying up. The object of this paper is to assess the measure of damage, to identify the reason for its injury and to estimate the measure of the influence of the black pine stands in the Zoborské vrchy Mts in the years 2007 and 2008. An occurrence of the Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiffermüler), was identified on a tree shoot. On each spot, there have been assessed the degree of damage to the trees by all relevant harmful factors and intensity of infestation by the Rhyacionia buoliana. It has been found out, that the spots have different degree of damage by all harmful factors, as well as the intensity of infestation by the Rhyacionia buoliana. |
Škvareninová, J; Snopková, Z The temporal variability of phenological stages of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 73 (2), pp. 212-221, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Škvareninová2010212, title = {The temporal variability of phenological stages of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Slovakia}, author = {J Škvareninová and Z Snopková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_2_skvareninova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {73}, number = {2}, pages = {212-221}, abstract = {The paper informs about the evaluation of observed selected vegetative (bud burst beginning, the first May sprouts occurrence) and generative (the lasting male flowers and the general flowering) phenological stages of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). There were analysed data from 38 phenological stations in Slovakia within the period 1996-2008. The stations were situated in the range from 100 m to 940 m a.s.l. and divided into 3 altitudinal groups. The mean onset date of the bud burst stage was from the 21st of April till the 6th of May, the first May sprouts occurred from the 2nd till the 18th of May. Male flowers were lasting from the 12th till the 19th of May, the general flowering lasted from the 17 th till the 24th May on average. The shifts of observed vegetative phenological stages among particular altitudinal groups represented 7-9 days, and they kept their temporal succession. Generative phenological stages began with the differences among p1articular altitudinal groups approaching 2-5 days regardless the altitude itself. At lower situated stations, up to 500 m a.s.l., the vegetative phenological stages were observed shifted positively by 3.3-8.5 days, above 500 m a.s.l. these stages were delayed by 0.8-2.8 days. The generative phenological stages manifested a decreasing trend with a shift by 3.6-11.2 days sooner. The phenological phases shortens are shorter with increasing altitude.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper informs about the evaluation of observed selected vegetative (bud burst beginning, the first May sprouts occurrence) and generative (the lasting male flowers and the general flowering) phenological stages of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). There were analysed data from 38 phenological stations in Slovakia within the period 1996-2008. The stations were situated in the range from 100 m to 940 m a.s.l. and divided into 3 altitudinal groups. The mean onset date of the bud burst stage was from the 21st of April till the 6th of May, the first May sprouts occurred from the 2nd till the 18th of May. Male flowers were lasting from the 12th till the 19th of May, the general flowering lasted from the 17 th till the 24th May on average. The shifts of observed vegetative phenological stages among particular altitudinal groups represented 7-9 days, and they kept their temporal succession. Generative phenological stages began with the differences among p1articular altitudinal groups approaching 2-5 days regardless the altitude itself. At lower situated stations, up to 500 m a.s.l., the vegetative phenological stages were observed shifted positively by 3.3-8.5 days, above 500 m a.s.l. these stages were delayed by 0.8-2.8 days. The generative phenological stages manifested a decreasing trend with a shift by 3.6-11.2 days sooner. The phenological phases shortens are shorter with increasing altitude. |
➤ Volume 37(1) 2010
Urban, J; Rebrošová, K; Dobrovolný, L; Schneider, J Allometry of four european beech stands growing at the contrasting localities in small-scale area Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 103-112, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Urban2010103, title = {Allometry of four european beech stands growing at the contrasting localities in small-scale area}, author = {J Urban and K Rebrošová and L Dobrovolný and J Schneider}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_urban.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {103-112}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to describe and compare biometrical parameters (such as breast height diameter (DBH), tree height, length of a crown, leaf area index (LAI), xylem biomass) of trees of four forest stands growing at contrasting sites in the small-scale area of 30 km2 and to calculate and compare their allometrical models of these parameters on DBH. All forest stands were monocoenoses of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) more than 160 year old. We found statistically significant differences among the localities almost in all investigated parameters. Also proposed allometrical models were different. None of the simple allometrical models from the literature fit to all of the localities. Thus allometric models should be used only with respect to local site conditions such as soil and climatic conditions and level of competition among trees and not only with respect to certain geographic region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to describe and compare biometrical parameters (such as breast height diameter (DBH), tree height, length of a crown, leaf area index (LAI), xylem biomass) of trees of four forest stands growing at contrasting sites in the small-scale area of 30 km2 and to calculate and compare their allometrical models of these parameters on DBH. All forest stands were monocoenoses of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) more than 160 year old. We found statistically significant differences among the localities almost in all investigated parameters. Also proposed allometrical models were different. None of the simple allometrical models from the literature fit to all of the localities. Thus allometric models should be used only with respect to local site conditions such as soil and climatic conditions and level of competition among trees and not only with respect to certain geographic region. |
Jarčuška, B Allometry of winter buds in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) natural regeneration with respect to its volume and dry weight estimation. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 42-50, 2010. @article{Jarčuška2010b, title = {Allometry of winter buds in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) natural regeneration with respect to its volume and dry weight estimation. }, author = {B Jarčuška}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_jarčuska.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {42-50}, abstract = {Allometric relationships among bud’s fresh volume (V), length (L), maximal diameter (MD), basal diameter (BD), and dry weight (W) in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings manifest strong mutual correlations. These correlations depend on the bud type determined by bud position on shoot, shoot type and shoot position in crown. However, in most cases the differences among the bud types are not distinct – individual types can be classified into several overlapping groups. The bud type significantly influences bud shape characterised by the ratios of BD to MD, and BD to L; on the other hand, it has no influence on MD/L and bud density (V/W). Influence of accessible light on bud shape and density also depends on bud type. For non-destructive estimation of V and W, we have prepared a regression model using as independent variable the volume of cylinder enclosing the bud (Vcyl). This model could explain 98% of the variation in V and W, with a relative accuracy of 6.4% for V, and 5.4% for W (P = 0.95). The performance of the model was verified by a test allowing us to conclude that the model outputs are comparable with directly measured values.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Allometric relationships among bud’s fresh volume (V), length (L), maximal diameter (MD), basal diameter (BD), and dry weight (W) in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings manifest strong mutual correlations. These correlations depend on the bud type determined by bud position on shoot, shoot type and shoot position in crown. However, in most cases the differences among the bud types are not distinct – individual types can be classified into several overlapping groups. The bud type significantly influences bud shape characterised by the ratios of BD to MD, and BD to L; on the other hand, it has no influence on MD/L and bud density (V/W). Influence of accessible light on bud shape and density also depends on bud type. For non-destructive estimation of V and W, we have prepared a regression model using as independent variable the volume of cylinder enclosing the bud (Vcyl). This model could explain 98% of the variation in V and W, with a relative accuracy of 6.4% for V, and 5.4% for W (P = 0.95). The performance of the model was verified by a test allowing us to conclude that the model outputs are comparable with directly measured values. |
Kellerová, D; Janík, R Evaluation of ground level ozone concentrations and climatic variables in submountain beech forests (Western Carpathians Mts) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 51-54, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kellerová201051, title = {Evaluation of ground level ozone concentrations and climatic variables in submountain beech forests (Western Carpathians Mts)}, author = {D Kellerová and R Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_kellerova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {51-54}, abstract = {Research, carried out in submoutain beech stand in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (410-570 m a.s.l.), was used to determine differences in ground level ozone concentrations and values of selected climatic variables between a former clear-cut which was the result from a cutting performed in 1989 and also a beech forest stand not subjected to the intervention. Differences in ozone concentrations were pronounced mainly in summer (July, August) when the values on the former clear-cut were much higher than those measured in the forest stand. In August 2004, a value of 118 μg m-3 was recorded on the former clear-cut. The increase in air temperature in the region was up to 15.4 °C, compared to the former long term mean value 14.8 °C from years 1961-1990 which was reported from Sliač, this is unequivocal.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Research, carried out in submoutain beech stand in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (410-570 m a.s.l.), was used to determine differences in ground level ozone concentrations and values of selected climatic variables between a former clear-cut which was the result from a cutting performed in 1989 and also a beech forest stand not subjected to the intervention. Differences in ozone concentrations were pronounced mainly in summer (July, August) when the values on the former clear-cut were much higher than those measured in the forest stand. In August 2004, a value of 118 μg m-3 was recorded on the former clear-cut. The increase in air temperature in the region was up to 15.4 °C, compared to the former long term mean value 14.8 °C from years 1961-1990 which was reported from Sliač, this is unequivocal. |
Balashov, E; Horák, J; Šiška, B; Buchkina, N; Rizhiya, E; Pavlik, S N2O fluxes from agricultural soils in Slovakia and Russia -direct measurements and prediction using the DNDC model Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 8-15, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Balashov20108, title = {N2O fluxes from agricultural soils in Slovakia and Russia -direct measurements and prediction using the DNDC model}, author = {E Balashov and J Horák and B Šiška and N Buchkina and E Rizhiya and S Pavlik}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_balashov.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {8-15}, abstract = {Direct measurements of N2O emissions were made on a loamy sand Spodosol (Russia) on agricultural plots with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and white head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba L.) during the growing seasons of 2004 and 2006. A closed chamber method was used for measurements of N2O fluxes from the soil. The DNDC model was applied to predict N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia and in a northwestern region of Russia. Comparison of the modeled against the observed data demonstrated that the DNDC model adequately predicted the N2O fluxes from soils in Russia and was sensitive to precipitation, soil water-filled pore space and rates of N fertilizers. A comparison of the modeled N2O cumulative fluxes from soils in Slovakia and Russia showed that the DNDC model could be applied for the prediction of their seasonal dynamics in the selected agricultural sites.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Direct measurements of N2O emissions were made on a loamy sand Spodosol (Russia) on agricultural plots with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and white head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba L.) during the growing seasons of 2004 and 2006. A closed chamber method was used for measurements of N2O fluxes from the soil. The DNDC model was applied to predict N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia and in a northwestern region of Russia. Comparison of the modeled against the observed data demonstrated that the DNDC model adequately predicted the N2O fluxes from soils in Russia and was sensitive to precipitation, soil water-filled pore space and rates of N fertilizers. A comparison of the modeled N2O cumulative fluxes from soils in Slovakia and Russia showed that the DNDC model could be applied for the prediction of their seasonal dynamics in the selected agricultural sites. |
Krpeš, V Oxidative stress symptoms in Norway spruce needles (Picea abies L. Karst.) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 55-60, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Krpeš201055, title = {Oxidative stress symptoms in Norway spruce needles (Picea abies L. Karst.)}, author = {V Krpeš}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78549263390&partnerID=40&md5=2bbbb83e451aca8c4ac364a6b3390f14}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {55-60}, abstract = {We observed the deformation level in mesophyll cells in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) needles displaying characteristic features of ozone damage. There were examined mesophyll cells under discoloured spots (zones) in epidermis and hypodermis. We evaluated modifications in their water potential as well as relative occurrence of healthy and damaged cells, and determined relation between healthy and diseased mesophyll cells expressed by the cell shape index indicating the degree of the damage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We observed the deformation level in mesophyll cells in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) needles displaying characteristic features of ozone damage. There were examined mesophyll cells under discoloured spots (zones) in epidermis and hypodermis. We evaluated modifications in their water potential as well as relative occurrence of healthy and damaged cells, and determined relation between healthy and diseased mesophyll cells expressed by the cell shape index indicating the degree of the damage. |
Fischer, M; Trnka, M; Kučera, J; Žalud, Z Soil water availability in a short rotation poplar coppice (Populus nigra × P.maximowiczii) in Czech-Moravian Highlands Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 23-34, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Fischer201023, title = {Soil water availability in a short rotation poplar coppice (Populus nigra × P.maximowiczii) in Czech-Moravian Highlands}, author = {M Fischer and M Trnka and J Kučera and Z Žalud}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_Fischer.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {23-34}, abstract = {There are presented results of a study of soil moisture dynamics, its spatial patterns and soil water availability under poplar coppice (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii). The study took place in a short rotation poplar coppice culture (SRC) situated in the locality Domanínek (the Czech Republic, 49°32' N, 16°15' E, 530 m a.s.l.). Generally, the soil water content increased with the depth throughout the whole soil profile 0-0.95 m. The driest period occurred towards the end of summer, within an almost one month-long period without any precipitation. In this time, also the highest spatial variability was recorded. The water content in soil profile reached its highest value, and the spatial variability was the lowest, at the beginning of spring after the snow had melted and also after prolonged rainfall episodes during summer. The response of poplars to the water stress was analysed, and it was noted that the growth starts to be significantly limited at half of the range between the field capacity and the wilting point. The goal of the overall study is to identify correlations between the biomass increment rates and meteorological, planting and ecological factors to allow for better selection of SRC growing areas and more precise yield predictions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There are presented results of a study of soil moisture dynamics, its spatial patterns and soil water availability under poplar coppice (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii). The study took place in a short rotation poplar coppice culture (SRC) situated in the locality Domanínek (the Czech Republic, 49°32' N, 16°15' E, 530 m a.s.l.). Generally, the soil water content increased with the depth throughout the whole soil profile 0-0.95 m. The driest period occurred towards the end of summer, within an almost one month-long period without any precipitation. In this time, also the highest spatial variability was recorded. The water content in soil profile reached its highest value, and the spatial variability was the lowest, at the beginning of spring after the snow had melted and also after prolonged rainfall episodes during summer. The response of poplars to the water stress was analysed, and it was noted that the growth starts to be significantly limited at half of the range between the field capacity and the wilting point. The goal of the overall study is to identify correlations between the biomass increment rates and meteorological, planting and ecological factors to allow for better selection of SRC growing areas and more precise yield predictions. |
Fialová, J; Vyskot, I The changes in the values of ecological-stabilization functional potentials of forests in the model area Český les Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 16-22, 2010, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Fialová201016, title = {The changes in the values of ecological-stabilization functional potentials of forests in the model area Český les}, author = {J Fialová and I Vyskot}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_Fialova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {16-22}, abstract = {The aim of the work was to quantify the ecological-stabilization forest function by the method of VYSKOt et al. (2003). The importance of living forests for sustainable development was discussed on many ministerial conferences. If we preserve forests, we will preserve life. Our study was pursued in a model area - a part of the protected landscape area Český les. The objective was to evaluate the real potentials of ecological-stabilization forest function and to see how these potentials are distributed in the individual forest management intervals. According to these results, we can discuss the previous management in the area. Both nature conservation and forest function needs require the quantification in both aspects. For the zones with declared protection, the needs of nature conservation have been defined, but the forest functions-related ones have not been included. The map of the distribution of real potentials for evolving ecological-stabilization forest function has been created.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the work was to quantify the ecological-stabilization forest function by the method of VYSKOt et al. (2003). The importance of living forests for sustainable development was discussed on many ministerial conferences. If we preserve forests, we will preserve life. Our study was pursued in a model area - a part of the protected landscape area Český les. The objective was to evaluate the real potentials of ecological-stabilization forest function and to see how these potentials are distributed in the individual forest management intervals. According to these results, we can discuss the previous management in the area. Both nature conservation and forest function needs require the quantification in both aspects. For the zones with declared protection, the needs of nature conservation have been defined, but the forest functions-related ones have not been included. The map of the distribution of real potentials for evolving ecological-stabilization forest function has been created. |
Janík, R Biomass production of Viola reichenbachiana L. in ubmountain beech forest of Kremnické vrchy Mts (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 35-41, 2010. @article{Janík201035, title = {Biomass production of Viola reichenbachiana L. in ubmountain beech forest of Kremnické vrchy Mts (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)}, author = {R Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_janik.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {35-41}, abstract = {Presented are our research results on biomass production of Viola reichenbachiana L. in a submountain beech stand with graded stocking density levels. The study ran at the Beech Ecological Experimental Site Kremnické vrchy Mts in years 1993-94 and 2005-06. The required density values were obtained by a controlled cutting intervention. Optimum, that means maximum production values of above ground as well as belowground biomass components were recorded on control plot without intervention. The maximum amount of above ground biomass representing 41.2 kg ha-1 was observed in summer aspect 1994, maximum of belowground biomass 67.2 kg ha-1 occurred in autumn of the same year. Most significant statistical differences were observed between clear-cut plot and plot treated by medium intensive regeneration cutting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Presented are our research results on biomass production of Viola reichenbachiana L. in a submountain beech stand with graded stocking density levels. The study ran at the Beech Ecological Experimental Site Kremnické vrchy Mts in years 1993-94 and 2005-06. The required density values were obtained by a controlled cutting intervention. Optimum, that means maximum production values of above ground as well as belowground biomass components were recorded on control plot without intervention. The maximum amount of above ground biomass representing 41.2 kg ha-1 was observed in summer aspect 1994, maximum of belowground biomass 67.2 kg ha-1 occurred in autumn of the same year. Most significant statistical differences were observed between clear-cut plot and plot treated by medium intensive regeneration cutting. |
Noskovič, J; Palatická, A; Babošová, M Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen forms in the water in different biotope in the nature reserve alúvium žitavy Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 67-74, 2010. @article{Noskovič201067, title = {Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen forms in the water in different biotope in the nature reserve alúvium žitavy}, author = {J Noskovič and A Palatická and M Babošová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_noskovič.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {67-74}, abstract = {Over the years 2006-2008, the concentrations of N-NO- 3, N-NH+4, N-NO-2 were evaluated in dependence on sampling time and sampling site in the water of the Nature Reserve (NR) Alúvium (Aluvium) Žitavy, which is situated in the southwestern part of the Slovak Republic. On the basis of the results achieved, we can state that the mean concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the water of the Nature Reserve over the whole monitored period was 3.84 mg dm -3. It represented 92.79% of inorganic nitrogen, the rest being represented by ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The highest mean concentration for the whole monitored period was found in March, and the lowest in June. In dependence on the sampling site, the highest mean N-NO3 concentrations were found in the sampling sites. The sampling site No. 1 was situated on the inflow of the River Žitava into the Alluvium which proves that its important source is the river itself. The sampling site No. 4 was located in the narrowest part of Alluvium, where the river flows very quickly, oxygen is enriched, and therefore nitrification is more intensive. We found out statistically significant influence of the sampling year, month and site on the change in values of concentrations of this qualitative factor by analysis of variance. Ammonium nitrogen was quantitatively the second best represented by inorganic nitrogen. Of the total inorganic nitrogen it represented 5.53%. Its mean concentration over the whole monitored period represented 0.21 mg dm -3. We recorded low concentrations of N-NH+4 over the whole monitored period in the winter months and the high ones in the months of July to September. In dependence on the sampling site we found out maximum mean N-NH+4 concentrations over the whole monitored period in the sampling sites with typical wetland ecosystems (sampling sites 2, 3, 5, 6). By analysis of variance for this indicator, it was found a statistically significant influence of the year, month and the sampling site on the change in its values. Nitrite nitrogen was the last represented from the monitored inorganic nitrogen forms. Of the inorganic nitrogen it represented 1.69%. Lower N-NO-2 concentrations, compared to N-NO - and N-NH3, are probably related to its easy oxidation or reduction in waters. Minimum mean concentrations over the whole monitored period were in March, and April, and the maximum ones were in July. The sampling site had no statistical influence on the changes in N-NO2 - concentrations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the years 2006-2008, the concentrations of N-NO- 3, N-NH+4, N-NO-2 were evaluated in dependence on sampling time and sampling site in the water of the Nature Reserve (NR) Alúvium (Aluvium) Žitavy, which is situated in the southwestern part of the Slovak Republic. On the basis of the results achieved, we can state that the mean concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the water of the Nature Reserve over the whole monitored period was 3.84 mg dm -3. It represented 92.79% of inorganic nitrogen, the rest being represented by ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The highest mean concentration for the whole monitored period was found in March, and the lowest in June. In dependence on the sampling site, the highest mean N-NO3 concentrations were found in the sampling sites. The sampling site No. 1 was situated on the inflow of the River Žitava into the Alluvium which proves that its important source is the river itself. The sampling site No. 4 was located in the narrowest part of Alluvium, where the river flows very quickly, oxygen is enriched, and therefore nitrification is more intensive. We found out statistically significant influence of the sampling year, month and site on the change in values of concentrations of this qualitative factor by analysis of variance. Ammonium nitrogen was quantitatively the second best represented by inorganic nitrogen. Of the total inorganic nitrogen it represented 5.53%. Its mean concentration over the whole monitored period represented 0.21 mg dm -3. We recorded low concentrations of N-NH+4 over the whole monitored period in the winter months and the high ones in the months of July to September. In dependence on the sampling site we found out maximum mean N-NH+4 concentrations over the whole monitored period in the sampling sites with typical wetland ecosystems (sampling sites 2, 3, 5, 6). By analysis of variance for this indicator, it was found a statistically significant influence of the year, month and the sampling site on the change in its values. Nitrite nitrogen was the last represented from the monitored inorganic nitrogen forms. Of the inorganic nitrogen it represented 1.69%. Lower N-NO-2 concentrations, compared to N-NO - and N-NH3, are probably related to its easy oxidation or reduction in waters. Minimum mean concentrations over the whole monitored period were in March, and April, and the maximum ones were in July. The sampling site had no statistical influence on the changes in N-NO2 - concentrations. |
Sovišová, M; Ondrišík, P Dynamics of inorganic forms of nitrogen in soil of the nature reserve alúvium žitavy Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 86-94, 2010. @article{Sovišová201086, title = {Dynamics of inorganic forms of nitrogen in soil of the nature reserve alúvium žitavy}, author = {M Sovišová and P Ondrišík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_sovisova.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {86-94}, abstract = {There was studied dynamics of inorganic soil nitrogen in the Alluvium Žitavy Nature Reserve in the years 2008 and 2009. We observed variability in the individual inorganic nitrogen forms in soil samples differing in the sampling depth, soil moisture content, sampling site and date of the sampling. After comparing the contents of Nin over the research period, we found that higher values were in the first year (2008). Ammonium nitrogen values ranged from 3.80-16.87 mg kg-1 and its average over the research period was 7.24 mg kg-1. The contents of this N form in 2008 were higher than in 2009. Nitrate nitrogen displayed the opposite trend. The values of nitrate nitrogen were within 0.44 to 9.28 mg kg-1 with an average of 2.03 mg kg-1. The contents of this N form were higher in 2009. The content of ammonium nitrogen was found affected significantly by the year and date of sampling. The content of nitrate nitrogen was highly significantly influenced by the soil depth, year and sampling site. The coefficients of variation were high, consequently, there have not been identified correlations between the soil moisture content and amounts of the studied forms of inorganic nitrogen. The low values of nitrate nitrogen do not indicate a risk of pollution either of the groundwater or surface water.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There was studied dynamics of inorganic soil nitrogen in the Alluvium Žitavy Nature Reserve in the years 2008 and 2009. We observed variability in the individual inorganic nitrogen forms in soil samples differing in the sampling depth, soil moisture content, sampling site and date of the sampling. After comparing the contents of Nin over the research period, we found that higher values were in the first year (2008). Ammonium nitrogen values ranged from 3.80-16.87 mg kg-1 and its average over the research period was 7.24 mg kg-1. The contents of this N form in 2008 were higher than in 2009. Nitrate nitrogen displayed the opposite trend. The values of nitrate nitrogen were within 0.44 to 9.28 mg kg-1 with an average of 2.03 mg kg-1. The contents of this N form were higher in 2009. The content of ammonium nitrogen was found affected significantly by the year and date of sampling. The content of nitrate nitrogen was highly significantly influenced by the soil depth, year and sampling site. The coefficients of variation were high, consequently, there have not been identified correlations between the soil moisture content and amounts of the studied forms of inorganic nitrogen. The low values of nitrate nitrogen do not indicate a risk of pollution either of the groundwater or surface water. |
Tužinský, L; Ištoňa, J Occurrence of dry periods in oak stands and their effects on soil water supply Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 95-102, 2010. @article{Tužinský201095, title = {Occurrence of dry periods in oak stands and their effects on soil water supply}, author = {L Tužinský and J Ištoňa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_tužinsky.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {95-102}, abstract = {The presented paper deals with the impact of long lasting dry periods on the water regime in oak forest stands growing in lowlands. Cycles of low or insufficient available water supply reflect changes to soil moisture conditions that may cause physiological weakening of the trees. The research was carried out on the research plots in Čifáre, during years 1984-2007. Soil samples were taken from the depth of 0-20 and 0-100 cm. Soil water dynamics was observed especially in the extremely dry years 2000 and 2003. The results have confirmed the soil desiccation beginning in autumn. Dry periods in the growing season are characterized by an semiarid and arid soil moisture interval in the upper 20 cm soil layer. Here, also the hardly accessible or even inaccessible for plants water was observed. Across the whole physiological soil profile, the semiarid interval with soil moisture content ranging between the point of diminished availability (PDA) and the wilting point (WP) was dominant.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The presented paper deals with the impact of long lasting dry periods on the water regime in oak forest stands growing in lowlands. Cycles of low or insufficient available water supply reflect changes to soil moisture conditions that may cause physiological weakening of the trees. The research was carried out on the research plots in Čifáre, during years 1984-2007. Soil samples were taken from the depth of 0-20 and 0-100 cm. Soil water dynamics was observed especially in the extremely dry years 2000 and 2003. The results have confirmed the soil desiccation beginning in autumn. Dry periods in the growing season are characterized by an semiarid and arid soil moisture interval in the upper 20 cm soil layer. Here, also the hardly accessible or even inaccessible for plants water was observed. Across the whole physiological soil profile, the semiarid interval with soil moisture content ranging between the point of diminished availability (PDA) and the wilting point (WP) was dominant. |
Kula, E Population and seasonal dynamics of eriophyid mites in birch stands in the krušné hory mts (Czech Republic) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 61-66, 2010. @article{Kula201061, title = {Population and seasonal dynamics of eriophyid mites in birch stands in the krušné hory mts (Czech Republic)}, author = {E Kula}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_kula.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {61-66}, abstract = {Long term (1995-2007) and seasonal population dynamics of two gall mites Acalitus rudis (Canestrini) and Eriophyes leionotus (Nalepa) was examined in birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands in the Krušné hory Mts. E. leionotus showed a gradual continual increase probably affected by changes in air pollution load and food quality. A. rudis indicated a six-year cycle of population dynamics. Overwintering deutogynes of A. rudis/E.leionotus were activated from mid-April/late on April, when sum of effective temperatures reached a value of 50.8/60.5 °C, and birch buds began to burst. On the basis of seasonal dynamics, termination of the creation of erinea and galls, it is possible to qualify A. rudis and E. leionotus as monovoltine. Partial differences between the eriophyid mites in the spring induce creation of galls and their leaving in autumn are affected by the host and its response to site conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Long term (1995-2007) and seasonal population dynamics of two gall mites Acalitus rudis (Canestrini) and Eriophyes leionotus (Nalepa) was examined in birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands in the Krušné hory Mts. E. leionotus showed a gradual continual increase probably affected by changes in air pollution load and food quality. A. rudis indicated a six-year cycle of population dynamics. Overwintering deutogynes of A. rudis/E.leionotus were activated from mid-April/late on April, when sum of effective temperatures reached a value of 50.8/60.5 °C, and birch buds began to burst. On the basis of seasonal dynamics, termination of the creation of erinea and galls, it is possible to qualify A. rudis and E. leionotus as monovoltine. Partial differences between the eriophyid mites in the spring induce creation of galls and their leaving in autumn are affected by the host and its response to site conditions. |
Porhajašová, J; Šustek, Z; Noskovič, J; Urminská, J; Ondrišík, P Spatial changes and succession of carabid communities (Coleoptera, Insecta) in seminatural wetland habitats of the Žitava river floodplain Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (1), pp. 75-85, 2010. @article{Porhajašová201075, title = {Spatial changes and succession of carabid communities (Coleoptera, Insecta) in seminatural wetland habitats of the Žitava river floodplain}, author = {J Porhajašová and Z Šustek and J Noskovič and J Urminská and P Ondrišík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_37_1_porhajsova.pdf}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {75-85}, abstract = {The carabid communities in the Žitava river floodplain were studied at four sites in the within-dike zone of the regulated river in 2006-2008. The communities were deteriorated to a considerable degree, characterized by a low number of species and individuals and by predominance of mesohydrophilous open landscape species over hydrophilous species. Occurrence of species was mostly very unstable, witha great between-year differences and no common trend. The representation of open landscape species was higher in the narrow stretch (ca. 150 m) of the within-dike zone than in the wider stretch (340-390 m). Their relative abundance was higher than that in other much narrower line or stripe formation of wooden vegetation in agrarian landscape. In spite of this, the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy plays the role as a wetland biocentrum in the predominantly agrarian landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The carabid communities in the Žitava river floodplain were studied at four sites in the within-dike zone of the regulated river in 2006-2008. The communities were deteriorated to a considerable degree, characterized by a low number of species and individuals and by predominance of mesohydrophilous open landscape species over hydrophilous species. Occurrence of species was mostly very unstable, witha great between-year differences and no common trend. The representation of open landscape species was higher in the narrow stretch (ca. 150 m) of the within-dike zone than in the wider stretch (340-390 m). Their relative abundance was higher than that in other much narrower line or stripe formation of wooden vegetation in agrarian landscape. In spite of this, the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy plays the role as a wetland biocentrum in the predominantly agrarian landscape. |
➤ Volume 36(2) 2009
Ivanová, H; Bernardovičová, S Needle disease on English yew caused by the parasitic fungus Cryptocline taxicola (All.) Petr. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (2), pp. 79-85, 2009. @article{Ivanová2009, title = {Needle disease on English yew caused by the parasitic fungus Cryptocline taxicola (All.) Petr.}, author = {H. Ivanová and S. Bernardovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_2_Ivanova.pdf}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {79-85}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Ivanová, H; Bernardovičová, S Species diversity of microscopic fungi on Austrian pines growing in urban greenery of Nitra town Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 37 (2), pp. 168-180, 2009. @article{Ivanová2009b, title = {Species diversity of microscopic fungi on Austrian pines growing in urban greenery of Nitra town}, author = {H. Ivanová and S. Bernardovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_2_Ivanova.pdf}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {168-180}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
➤ Volume 36(1) 2009
Kršiak, B; Zach, P; Jakuš, R An interesting case of phoresy in mite associates of hylurgopspalliatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 20-22, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kršiak200920, title = {An interesting case of phoresy in mite associates of hylurgopspalliatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)}, author = {B Kršiak and P Zach and R Jakuš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_krsiak.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {20-22}, abstract = {The first record of phoresy in the two mite taxa of the family Trematuridae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) and Histiostomatidae (Acarina: Astigmata) has been documented from the larval galleries of the bark beetle Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Norway spmce forest in West Carpathians, Central Europe. The interesting and rare case of phoresy is briefly discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The first record of phoresy in the two mite taxa of the family Trematuridae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) and Histiostomatidae (Acarina: Astigmata) has been documented from the larval galleries of the bark beetle Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Norway spmce forest in West Carpathians, Central Europe. The interesting and rare case of phoresy is briefly discussed. |
Barta, M Entomophthoralean fungi associated with aphid s in woody plants in the arboretum mlyňany SAS Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 1-7, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Barta20091, title = {Entomophthoralean fungi associated with aphid s in woody plants in the arboretum mlyňany SAS}, author = {M Barta}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_barta.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {A survey of entomophthoralean fungi infecting aphids in collections of woody plants in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS was conducted during vegetation periods 2007 and 2008. Altogether, eight fungal species were identified in the aphid colonies. Of the fungi recorded, Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière et Hennebert) Humber, Entomophthora planchoniana Comu and Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudière et Keller were predominating ones. Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Zoophthora aphidis (Hoffman in Fresenius) Remaudière et Hennebert, Neozygites cinarae Keller, Conidiobolus coronatus (Costantin) Batko and Conidiobolus obscuras (Hall et Dunn) Remaudière et Keller were less important parasitic fungi. The number of species of fungi recorded reflects a great diversity in aphid-pathogenic flora in the arboretum. The entomophthoralean fungi were recorded from 40 aphid species belonging to 4 families (Aphididae, Drepanosiphidae, Lachnidae and Anoeciidae). Findings of entomophthoralean infection in Myzocallis castanicola Baker, Myzocallis carpim (Koch), Myzocallis walshii Monell and Myzus ligustri Mosley colonies are considered first reports from these aphid species at all. In Slovakia, C. coronatus is recorded from natural aphid colonies for the first time.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A survey of entomophthoralean fungi infecting aphids in collections of woody plants in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS was conducted during vegetation periods 2007 and 2008. Altogether, eight fungal species were identified in the aphid colonies. Of the fungi recorded, Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière et Hennebert) Humber, Entomophthora planchoniana Comu and Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudière et Keller were predominating ones. Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Zoophthora aphidis (Hoffman in Fresenius) Remaudière et Hennebert, Neozygites cinarae Keller, Conidiobolus coronatus (Costantin) Batko and Conidiobolus obscuras (Hall et Dunn) Remaudière et Keller were less important parasitic fungi. The number of species of fungi recorded reflects a great diversity in aphid-pathogenic flora in the arboretum. The entomophthoralean fungi were recorded from 40 aphid species belonging to 4 families (Aphididae, Drepanosiphidae, Lachnidae and Anoeciidae). Findings of entomophthoralean infection in Myzocallis castanicola Baker, Myzocallis carpim (Koch), Myzocallis walshii Monell and Myzus ligustri Mosley colonies are considered first reports from these aphid species at all. In Slovakia, C. coronatus is recorded from natural aphid colonies for the first time. |
Kantor, P; Šach, F Erratum: Water balance of young Norway spruce and European beech moun-tain stands in growing seasons 2005 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 74, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kantor200974, title = {Erratum: Water balance of young Norway spruce and European beech moun-tain stands in growing seasons 2005}, author = {P Kantor and F Šach}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350774235&partnerID=40&md5=dded4b41caad6b41f58f95af1685c960}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {74}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Slezák, M; Kukla, J Forest vegetation of the northern part of the štiavnické vrchy Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 39-49, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Slezák200939, title = {Forest vegetation of the northern part of the štiavnické vrchy Mts}, author = {M Slezák and J Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_slezak.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {39-49}, abstract = {The article presents first results of vegetation research of the forest, plant communities in the north part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. Research was carried out by traditional Zürich-Montpellier (Braun-Blanquet) approach, during the vegetation period 2008. The data set of 21 original phytosociological relevés was sampled and analysed using numerical divisive classification (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). Five different communities within four alliances were distinguished and characterised - Carici pilosae-Fagetum, Dentario bulbiferae-Fagetum, Mercuriali-Fraxinetum, Poo nemoralis-Quercetum petraeae and Luzulo albidae-Quercetum petraeae. Information about their species composition and ecology is presented. The main ecological gradients responsible for the variability of the forest vegetation are light conditions, temperature and moisture with nutrients together.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The article presents first results of vegetation research of the forest, plant communities in the north part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. Research was carried out by traditional Zürich-Montpellier (Braun-Blanquet) approach, during the vegetation period 2008. The data set of 21 original phytosociological relevés was sampled and analysed using numerical divisive classification (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). Five different communities within four alliances were distinguished and characterised - Carici pilosae-Fagetum, Dentario bulbiferae-Fagetum, Mercuriali-Fraxinetum, Poo nemoralis-Quercetum petraeae and Luzulo albidae-Quercetum petraeae. Information about their species composition and ecology is presented. The main ecological gradients responsible for the variability of the forest vegetation are light conditions, temperature and moisture with nutrients together. |
Janík, R Light conditions in submountain beech stands in dependence on cutting intensity Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 67-71, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Janík200967, title = {Light conditions in submountain beech stands in dependence on cutting intensity}, author = {R Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_janik.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {67-71}, abstract = {In 2001-2002 we ran a research on. light intensity on three individual research plots (RP) at the BEES Kremnické vrchy Mts, representing environment of submountain beech, stands. Our study followed with, measurements realised by Střelec in year 1990 in the same stands and under the same conditions. For all partial plots, our measurements confirmed the light intensity peaks presence during midday hours. The absolute maxima representing 56 klx were recorded on open plot between 12.00-14.00 h in time of full developed foliage. On the other hand, the lowest values - 0.022 klx. were obtained for the former plot with clear cut at 06.00 h, in period of full foliage. In period of full leafing, higher values were observed on the open and control plot, on the other hand, in period without foliage, higher values were recorded on the other plots.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2001-2002 we ran a research on. light intensity on three individual research plots (RP) at the BEES Kremnické vrchy Mts, representing environment of submountain beech, stands. Our study followed with, measurements realised by Střelec in year 1990 in the same stands and under the same conditions. For all partial plots, our measurements confirmed the light intensity peaks presence during midday hours. The absolute maxima representing 56 klx were recorded on open plot between 12.00-14.00 h in time of full developed foliage. On the other hand, the lowest values - 0.022 klx. were obtained for the former plot with clear cut at 06.00 h, in period of full foliage. In period of full leafing, higher values were observed on the open and control plot, on the other hand, in period without foliage, higher values were recorded on the other plots. |
Mihál, I; Bučinová, K; Pavlíková, J Mycoflora of beech forests in the kremnické vrchy mts (central Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 23-31, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mihál200923, title = {Mycoflora of beech forests in the kremnické vrchy mts (central Slovakia)}, author = {I Mihál and K Bučinová and J Pavlíková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_mihal.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {23-31}, abstract = {The results of myco-inventory research, from the Ecological-Experimental Stationary (EES) Kremnické vrchy mountains (Central Slovakia) are presented. The locality is situated within the beech, forests. Total 353 species of fungi were determined on the EES locality. The species eg Coenococcum geophillum, Habrostictis rubra, Nectria punicea, Sphaerostibella aureonitens (Ascomycota) as well as Hymenogaster olivaceus, Mycena stipata, Phaeocollybia festiva, Pseudotomenteila tristis (Basidiomycota) and Cryptococcus podzolicus (Cystofilobazidiales) are rare and endagered. Both of thermophilous and typical mountain species of macromycetes were found. The ecotrophical distribution of species spectrum is presented. A few species were found as the lignicolous parasites, herboparasites or mycoparasites.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The results of myco-inventory research, from the Ecological-Experimental Stationary (EES) Kremnické vrchy mountains (Central Slovakia) are presented. The locality is situated within the beech, forests. Total 353 species of fungi were determined on the EES locality. The species eg Coenococcum geophillum, Habrostictis rubra, Nectria punicea, Sphaerostibella aureonitens (Ascomycota) as well as Hymenogaster olivaceus, Mycena stipata, Phaeocollybia festiva, Pseudotomenteila tristis (Basidiomycota) and Cryptococcus podzolicus (Cystofilobazidiales) are rare and endagered. Both of thermophilous and typical mountain species of macromycetes were found. The ecotrophical distribution of species spectrum is presented. A few species were found as the lignicolous parasites, herboparasites or mycoparasites. |
Mihál, I; Cicák, A; Tsakov, H; Petkov, P Occurrence of species of the nectria s.l. (bionectriaceae, nectriaceae, hypocreales, ascomycetes) in central and south-eastern Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 32-38, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mihál200932, title = {Occurrence of species of the nectria s.l. (bionectriaceae, nectriaceae, hypocreales, ascomycetes) in central and south-eastern Europe}, author = {I Mihál and A Cicák and H Tsakov and P Petkov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_mihalcicak.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {32-38}, abstract = {Recent data on the occurrence of species of Nectria s.l. (Bionectriaceae, Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria (Central and Southeastern Europe) are presented, including some notes on their ecological characteristics. Eight species were found in the five countries outside Slovakia (Cosmospora coccinea, C. purtonii, Nectria aurantiaca, N. cinnabarina, N. coryli, Neonectria coccinea, N. galligena, N. punicea). Due to long-term investigations in a large number of localities, we found six additional species in Slovakia (Cosmospora episphaeria, Hydropisphaeria peziza, Nectria berolinensis, N. cucurbitula, Neonectria ditissima, N. radicicola). Nectria aurantiaca (one locality in Bulgaria), N. coryli (one locality in Slovakia and Bulgaria) and Neonectria punicea (three localities in Slovakia and one in Bulgaria) can be considered as rare. The records of these three species in Bulgaria can be regarded as the first ones for this country. The data were collected mainly in the course of a long-term study of the necrotic bark disease of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) focused on Slovakia. The disease is apparently mainly caused by some species of Neonectria (N. coccinea, N. ditissima, N. galligena). It has spread in the last decades and often provokes epiphytocias.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Recent data on the occurrence of species of Nectria s.l. (Bionectriaceae, Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria (Central and Southeastern Europe) are presented, including some notes on their ecological characteristics. Eight species were found in the five countries outside Slovakia (Cosmospora coccinea, C. purtonii, Nectria aurantiaca, N. cinnabarina, N. coryli, Neonectria coccinea, N. galligena, N. punicea). Due to long-term investigations in a large number of localities, we found six additional species in Slovakia (Cosmospora episphaeria, Hydropisphaeria peziza, Nectria berolinensis, N. cucurbitula, Neonectria ditissima, N. radicicola). Nectria aurantiaca (one locality in Bulgaria), N. coryli (one locality in Slovakia and Bulgaria) and Neonectria punicea (three localities in Slovakia and one in Bulgaria) can be considered as rare. The records of these three species in Bulgaria can be regarded as the first ones for this country. The data were collected mainly in the course of a long-term study of the necrotic bark disease of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) focused on Slovakia. The disease is apparently mainly caused by some species of Neonectria (N. coccinea, N. ditissima, N. galligena). It has spread in the last decades and often provokes epiphytocias. |
Štofko, P; Kodrík, M Structure of root branches in norway spruce with respect to soil drainage Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 58-66, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Štofko200958, title = {Structure of root branches in norway spruce with respect to soil drainage}, author = {P Štofko and M Kodrík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_stofko.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {58-66}, abstract = {We studied root branch structure in uprooted spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in the localities Hnilé Blata (the High Tatra Mts.) (waterlogged) and Zemská, (the Low Tatra Mts) (well-drained). After cleaning the root plates, we measured the number, diameter and length of individual root branches. Individual root branches were classified in twelve diameter classes - according to their diameter measured in the middle of root branch length. Mean values of absolute frequency of root branches in the first eight root-diameter classes (0.2-12.0 cm) were higher in spruce trees growing on well-drained sites, but for the same sites, we found out lower mean values of absolute frequencies of root branches in the last four root-diameter classes (12.1-30.0 cm). We found out unproportionally higher mean values of root branch length in all root-diameter classes in spruce trees growing on waterlogged sites. The mean value of total length of root branches was two times higher in the first root-diameter class (0.2-1.0 cm); and, similarly, mean values of total length of root branches were noticeably higher in the last four root-diameter classes (12.1-30.0 cm) in spruce trees growing on waterlogged sites. Based on our results, it seems that there is practically no difference in total mean length of root branches (all root-diameter classes together) with diameter exceeding 1 cm between spruce trees growing on waterlogged and well-drained sites. According to our results, spruce trees growing on well-drained sites form shorter root branches in the thinner root-diameter classes, but the frequency of these root branches is higher in comparison with spruce trees growing on waterlogged sites. Therefore, the total length of root branches (with diameter exceeding 1 cm) in spruce trees growing in waterlogged and well-drained sites is almost the same.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied root branch structure in uprooted spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in the localities Hnilé Blata (the High Tatra Mts.) (waterlogged) and Zemská, (the Low Tatra Mts) (well-drained). After cleaning the root plates, we measured the number, diameter and length of individual root branches. Individual root branches were classified in twelve diameter classes - according to their diameter measured in the middle of root branch length. Mean values of absolute frequency of root branches in the first eight root-diameter classes (0.2-12.0 cm) were higher in spruce trees growing on well-drained sites, but for the same sites, we found out lower mean values of absolute frequencies of root branches in the last four root-diameter classes (12.1-30.0 cm). We found out unproportionally higher mean values of root branch length in all root-diameter classes in spruce trees growing on waterlogged sites. The mean value of total length of root branches was two times higher in the first root-diameter class (0.2-1.0 cm); and, similarly, mean values of total length of root branches were noticeably higher in the last four root-diameter classes (12.1-30.0 cm) in spruce trees growing on waterlogged sites. Based on our results, it seems that there is practically no difference in total mean length of root branches (all root-diameter classes together) with diameter exceeding 1 cm between spruce trees growing on waterlogged and well-drained sites. According to our results, spruce trees growing on well-drained sites form shorter root branches in the thinner root-diameter classes, but the frequency of these root branches is higher in comparison with spruce trees growing on waterlogged sites. Therefore, the total length of root branches (with diameter exceeding 1 cm) in spruce trees growing in waterlogged and well-drained sites is almost the same. |
Šimanský, V; Zaujec, A Suitable parameters for soil organic matter changes evaluation in agro-ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 50-57, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Šimanský200950, title = {Suitable parameters for soil organic matter changes evaluation in agro-ecosystems}, author = {V Šimanský and A Zaujec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_simansky.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {50-57}, abstract = {In period 1999-2003, we studied suitability of new parameters for determination of soil organic matter (SOM) changes in ecological (ES) and integrated (IS) fanning systems established in 1990 in the experimental station Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The lability of carbon (L ) was higher in spring (0.183) than in autumn (0.1.58) in both, systems. The lability of nitrogen (LN) was higher in IS (0.080) than in ES (0.074). Carbon management index (CMI) values were increasing more intensively in IS (from 108.7 to 118) than in ES (from 109.3 to 113.3). Higher percentage portions of potentially mineralizable nitrogen (NL) from, total (NT.) were in IS than in ES. It means that higher SOM sources are in ES than IS, but according to parameters LC, CMI, LN, more intensive changes in SOM sources can be supposed in IS than in ES. We recorded influence of average annual temperature on parameters of labile carbon (r = -0.79, P < 0.01), non-labile nitrogen (r = 0.76, P < 0.01), as well as the year precipitation sum on CMI (r = -0.58, P < 0.01), labile nitrogen (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) and LN (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). From the point of sustainable development the parameters labile carbon, LC and non-labile nitrogen (NNL) were the most suitable for the assessment of SOM changes in farming systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In period 1999-2003, we studied suitability of new parameters for determination of soil organic matter (SOM) changes in ecological (ES) and integrated (IS) fanning systems established in 1990 in the experimental station Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The lability of carbon (L ) was higher in spring (0.183) than in autumn (0.1.58) in both, systems. The lability of nitrogen (LN) was higher in IS (0.080) than in ES (0.074). Carbon management index (CMI) values were increasing more intensively in IS (from 108.7 to 118) than in ES (from 109.3 to 113.3). Higher percentage portions of potentially mineralizable nitrogen (NL) from, total (NT.) were in IS than in ES. It means that higher SOM sources are in ES than IS, but according to parameters LC, CMI, LN, more intensive changes in SOM sources can be supposed in IS than in ES. We recorded influence of average annual temperature on parameters of labile carbon (r = -0.79, P < 0.01), non-labile nitrogen (r = 0.76, P < 0.01), as well as the year precipitation sum on CMI (r = -0.58, P < 0.01), labile nitrogen (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) and LN (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). From the point of sustainable development the parameters labile carbon, LC and non-labile nitrogen (NNL) were the most suitable for the assessment of SOM changes in farming systems. |
Hájková, L; Nekovář, J; Richterová, D Temporal and spatial variability in allergy-triggering phenological phases of hazel and alder in Czechia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 36 (1), pp. 8-19, 2009, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Hájková20098, title = {Temporal and spatial variability in allergy-triggering phenological phases of hazel and alder in Czechia}, author = {L Hájková and J Nekovář and D Richterová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_36_1_hajkova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {8-19}, abstract = {Pollen grains of alder (Alnus glutinosa), hazel (Corylus avellana) and birch (Betula verrucosa) belong to the most important allergens not only in the Czech Republic but also in the whole Europe. Both alder and hazel pollen cross-react with birch pollen, and the allergenicity of the two species is moderate to high.The data on temporal and spatial variability in phenophases selected with respect to their allergenic effect (flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering) and compiled with using statistical and GIS methods during the period 1992-2007 were compared with the current year's outcomes of the Czech Hydrometeorologieal Institute phenological network. The resulting maps use a horizontal resolution of 500 meters, method Clidata - DEM, with dependence on altitude. Temporal variability was monitored in the phenological stations Lednice (48°48' N, 16°48' E, mean above sea level (MASL) 165 m) and Horni Rokytnice (50°11' N, 16°30' E, 743 m MASL), the spatial variability in 34 stations withMASL ranging from 155 m (Doksany - Polabská nížina) to 830 m (Měděnec - Krušné hory Mts). The results are presented in tables and maps. In this case study we observed the following shifts in phenophases (lowland in comparison with mountain): flower buttons visible (38.4 days), beginning of flowering 10% (21.8 days), and end of flowering (26.3 days). The results of average entrance ofphenophase from this case study: flower buttons visible (Hazel - February 3 to February 22, Alder - February 7 to February 26), beginning of flowering 10% (Hazel - February 19 to March 20, Alder - February 22 to April 2 ), end of flowering (Hazel - March 9 to April 17, Alder - March 15 to May 13).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pollen grains of alder (Alnus glutinosa), hazel (Corylus avellana) and birch (Betula verrucosa) belong to the most important allergens not only in the Czech Republic but also in the whole Europe. Both alder and hazel pollen cross-react with birch pollen, and the allergenicity of the two species is moderate to high.The data on temporal and spatial variability in phenophases selected with respect to their allergenic effect (flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering) and compiled with using statistical and GIS methods during the period 1992-2007 were compared with the current year's outcomes of the Czech Hydrometeorologieal Institute phenological network. The resulting maps use a horizontal resolution of 500 meters, method Clidata - DEM, with dependence on altitude. Temporal variability was monitored in the phenological stations Lednice (48°48' N, 16°48' E, mean above sea level (MASL) 165 m) and Horni Rokytnice (50°11' N, 16°30' E, 743 m MASL), the spatial variability in 34 stations withMASL ranging from 155 m (Doksany - Polabská nížina) to 830 m (Měděnec - Krušné hory Mts). The results are presented in tables and maps. In this case study we observed the following shifts in phenophases (lowland in comparison with mountain): flower buttons visible (38.4 days), beginning of flowering 10% (21.8 days), and end of flowering (26.3 days). The results of average entrance ofphenophase from this case study: flower buttons visible (Hazel - February 3 to February 22, Alder - February 7 to February 26), beginning of flowering 10% (Hazel - February 19 to March 20, Alder - February 22 to April 2 ), end of flowering (Hazel - March 9 to April 17, Alder - March 15 to May 13). |
➤ Volume 35(2) 2008
Jaloviar, P; Jarčuška, B; Sarvašová, I Folia Oekologica, 35 (2) , pp. 25-32, 2008. @article{Jaloviar2008, title = { Influence of substrate kind and cultivation technology on quantitative characteristic of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings´ root systems: comparison between quantitative traits.}, author = {P. Jaloviar and B. Jarčuška and I. Sarvašová }, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_jaloviar.pdf}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oekologica}, volume = {35 (2)}, pages = {25-32}, abstract = {This work deals with evaluation of influence of four different management methods and substrate types on basic quantitative parameters of root systems in one-year old spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. There were tested differences between three alternatives consisting of bare-rooted plants and one variant of ball plants grown under applying the technique Lännen Plantek. The bare-rooted seedlings were cultivated in pure peat substrate (control) and in peat substrates supplemented with alginite and Baktomix. The tested traits were the following: root system weight, length, surface, volume, mean diameter and number of endings. For testing differences between the mean values of these characteristics, we used variance analysis. There has been found that in all the evaluated traits, the highest values were obtained with using the method Lännen Plantek. These values were several times higher that the next lower value. The variability of the measured values was about 30%. The lowest mean values were obtained in case of the peat substrate enriched with alginite. There is supposed that alginite caused water-logging of substrate and significantly retarded growth under the wetting regime favourable for all the other variants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work deals with evaluation of influence of four different management methods and substrate types on basic quantitative parameters of root systems in one-year old spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. There were tested differences between three alternatives consisting of bare-rooted plants and one variant of ball plants grown under applying the technique Lännen Plantek. The bare-rooted seedlings were cultivated in pure peat substrate (control) and in peat substrates supplemented with alginite and Baktomix. The tested traits were the following: root system weight, length, surface, volume, mean diameter and number of endings. For testing differences between the mean values of these characteristics, we used variance analysis. There has been found that in all the evaluated traits, the highest values were obtained with using the method Lännen Plantek. These values were several times higher that the next lower value. The variability of the measured values was about 30%. The lowest mean values were obtained in case of the peat substrate enriched with alginite. There is supposed that alginite caused water-logging of substrate and significantly retarded growth under the wetting regime favourable for all the other variants. |
Ivanová, H Cell wall regeneration of protoplasts isolated from Norvay spruce tissue cultures in a liquid nutrient medium Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 18-24, 2008. @article{Ivanová2008, title = {Cell wall regeneration of protoplasts isolated from Norvay spruce tissue cultures in a liquid nutrient medium}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_ivanova.pdf}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {18-24}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Tokár, F; Kukla, J Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 74-87, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Tokár200874, title = {Development of phytocoenoses and of above ground production of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) stands on the PRP series Ivanka pri Nitre}, author = {F Tokár and J Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_tokar.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {74-87}, abstract = {There was studied the influence of moderate crown thinning on development of phytocoenoses and above ground dendromass production in pure and mixed stands of introduced species Quercus rubra L. and Juglans nigra L. Owing to succession process during more than 40 years the other 17 autochthonous tree species, 7 of them (41%) shrubs, have been penetrated in studied stands. The phytocoenoses contain 56 herb species including abundant indicators of the wetted edaphic-hydric order of geobiocoens manifesting that the water regime of soils has not been substantially disturbed by hydro-melioration of surrounding land and the Nitra riverbed regulation. Geobiocoenoses in which the series of permanent research plots has been established belong to the nitrophilous order of geobiocoens, group of forest types Ulmeto-Fraxinetum carpineum and forest type 954 Dry elm-ash forest with hornbeam. The highest reserve of above ground dendromass (686.81 m3 ha-1,486.501 ha-1) and highest mean periodic annual increment (20.58 m3ha-1 year-1, 14.18 t ha-1 year-1) were found in the 48-year-old non-tended stand of red oak (80%) and black walnut (20%). The highest growth index of standing volume (414.30%) and the highest percentage of mean periodic annual increment (12.57%) were observed in the tended stand of black walnut (20%) and small-leaved linden (80%), while the highest growth index of dry weight reserve (526.85%) and highest mean periodic annual increment (17.07%) were found in the tended stand of black walnut (80%) and red oak (20%). The highest volume reserve of final-crop trees (299.57 m3 ha -1) was also found in the non-tended mixed stand of black walnut (80%) and red oak (20%), while the highest weight reserve (230.98 t ha -1) and the highest mean periodic annual increment (11.27 m 3 ha-1 year-1, 10.68 t ha-1 year-1) were in the tended stand of red oak (80%) and black walnut (20%).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There was studied the influence of moderate crown thinning on development of phytocoenoses and above ground dendromass production in pure and mixed stands of introduced species Quercus rubra L. and Juglans nigra L. Owing to succession process during more than 40 years the other 17 autochthonous tree species, 7 of them (41%) shrubs, have been penetrated in studied stands. The phytocoenoses contain 56 herb species including abundant indicators of the wetted edaphic-hydric order of geobiocoens manifesting that the water regime of soils has not been substantially disturbed by hydro-melioration of surrounding land and the Nitra riverbed regulation. Geobiocoenoses in which the series of permanent research plots has been established belong to the nitrophilous order of geobiocoens, group of forest types Ulmeto-Fraxinetum carpineum and forest type 954 Dry elm-ash forest with hornbeam. The highest reserve of above ground dendromass (686.81 m3 ha-1,486.501 ha-1) and highest mean periodic annual increment (20.58 m3ha-1 year-1, 14.18 t ha-1 year-1) were found in the 48-year-old non-tended stand of red oak (80%) and black walnut (20%). The highest growth index of standing volume (414.30%) and the highest percentage of mean periodic annual increment (12.57%) were observed in the tended stand of black walnut (20%) and small-leaved linden (80%), while the highest growth index of dry weight reserve (526.85%) and highest mean periodic annual increment (17.07%) were found in the tended stand of black walnut (80%) and red oak (20%). The highest volume reserve of final-crop trees (299.57 m3 ha -1) was also found in the non-tended mixed stand of black walnut (80%) and red oak (20%), while the highest weight reserve (230.98 t ha -1) and the highest mean periodic annual increment (11.27 m 3 ha-1 year-1, 10.68 t ha-1 year-1) were in the tended stand of red oak (80%) and black walnut (20%). |
Bernadovičová, S Importance of Cytospora damage in relation to health state of birch trees in urban greenery - Demonstrated by example of the Nitra town Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 1-8, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Bernadovičová20081, title = {Importance of Cytospora damage in relation to health state of birch trees in urban greenery - Demonstrated by example of the Nitra town}, author = {S Bernadovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_bernadovicova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Over the years 2005-2007, the health state of Betula species in urban environment of Slovakia was evaluated with prime emphasis on occurrence and harmfulness of Cytospora betulicola Fautr. on example of the Nitra town. Damage degree to selected birch trees in five different greenery types of usage/location (street plantings, plantings in residential areas - neighbourhood plantings, main-roadside plantings, park plantings, special-purpose greenery) was determined in relation to incidence of the Cytospora fungus, wood destroying fungi and unknown factors. The one-way ANOVA did not confirm generally a significant influence of greenery type of usage/location on the damage degree of birch trees. Significant differences in the damage degree values were confirmed between some greenery types by using t-test. Cytospora fungus and wood destroying fungi significantly influenced birch health state decrease. Results of multifactorial variance analysis have confirmed a significant influence of two factors, Cytospora betulicola and wood destroying fungi on increase of damage degree.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the years 2005-2007, the health state of Betula species in urban environment of Slovakia was evaluated with prime emphasis on occurrence and harmfulness of Cytospora betulicola Fautr. on example of the Nitra town. Damage degree to selected birch trees in five different greenery types of usage/location (street plantings, plantings in residential areas - neighbourhood plantings, main-roadside plantings, park plantings, special-purpose greenery) was determined in relation to incidence of the Cytospora fungus, wood destroying fungi and unknown factors. The one-way ANOVA did not confirm generally a significant influence of greenery type of usage/location on the damage degree of birch trees. Significant differences in the damage degree values were confirmed between some greenery types by using t-test. Cytospora fungus and wood destroying fungi significantly influenced birch health state decrease. Results of multifactorial variance analysis have confirmed a significant influence of two factors, Cytospora betulicola and wood destroying fungi on increase of damage degree. |
Štofko, P; Kodrík, M Relationships between parameters of aboveground parts and parameters of root plates in spruce trees growing in poorly drained sites Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 67-73, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Štofko200867, title = {Relationships between parameters of aboveground parts and parameters of root plates in spruce trees growing in poorly drained sites}, author = {P Štofko and M Kodrík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_stofko.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {67-73}, abstract = {In the locality Hnile Blatá (the High Tatras Mts) we measured the aboveground parts (tree height, stem diameter, length and width of crowns) of windthrown spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The width and thickness of root plates were measured on the belowground parts. The methods of linear regression and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between the aboveground and the belowground parts. Extreme wide and shallow root plates were found out in spruces growing in poorly drained sites. The higher degree of statistically significant correlation was found out between the individual stem diameters and the root plate parameters. The medium values of multiple correlation coefficients were found out among the root plate parameters and the tree height, width and length of crown. The low degree of correlation was found out between the crown proportion index and the belowground parameters of root plates. The partial correlation coefficients point out that the correlation only exists between the average width of root plate (AWrp) and the individual aboveground parameters. No correlation was found out between the thickness of root plates (Trp) and the individual aboveground parameters.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the locality Hnile Blatá (the High Tatras Mts) we measured the aboveground parts (tree height, stem diameter, length and width of crowns) of windthrown spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The width and thickness of root plates were measured on the belowground parts. The methods of linear regression and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between the aboveground and the belowground parts. Extreme wide and shallow root plates were found out in spruces growing in poorly drained sites. The higher degree of statistically significant correlation was found out between the individual stem diameters and the root plate parameters. The medium values of multiple correlation coefficients were found out among the root plate parameters and the tree height, width and length of crown. The low degree of correlation was found out between the crown proportion index and the belowground parameters of root plates. The partial correlation coefficients point out that the correlation only exists between the average width of root plate (AWrp) and the individual aboveground parameters. No correlation was found out between the thickness of root plates (Trp) and the individual aboveground parameters. |
Mauer, O; Palátová, E; Pop, M Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 39-50, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mauer200839, title = {Root system emergence and health condition in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) affected by yellowing of assimilatory apparatus in the region of the Krušné hory Mts}, author = {O Mauer and E Palátová and M Pop}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_Mauer.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {39-50}, abstract = {The paper analyses the decline of Norway spruce stands over a region operated by the Forest Administration in Horní Blatná (Krušné hory Mts) and its causes. Root system analyses made in 238 trees (age 10-117 years, Forest Altitudinal Vegetation Zones 6 and 7, modal podzol) showed that all trees affected by yellowing of their assimilatory apparatus had a smaller root system, worse root pattern distribution, root systems malformed into a tangle, smaller rooting depth and lower biomass and vitality of fine roots. Until an age of about 10 years, trees at good health condition are those, which have created a large superficial root system. From an age of about 20 years, healthy trees are those, which have created a large anchoring root system with anchors reaching into the Bs horizon. Impaired vitality induced in affected trees invasion of the honey fungus causing the infestation of individual root system branches (namely anchors), and reducing the size and hence the functionality of the root system.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper analyses the decline of Norway spruce stands over a region operated by the Forest Administration in Horní Blatná (Krušné hory Mts) and its causes. Root system analyses made in 238 trees (age 10-117 years, Forest Altitudinal Vegetation Zones 6 and 7, modal podzol) showed that all trees affected by yellowing of their assimilatory apparatus had a smaller root system, worse root pattern distribution, root systems malformed into a tangle, smaller rooting depth and lower biomass and vitality of fine roots. Until an age of about 10 years, trees at good health condition are those, which have created a large superficial root system. From an age of about 20 years, healthy trees are those, which have created a large anchoring root system with anchors reaching into the Bs horizon. Impaired vitality induced in affected trees invasion of the honey fungus causing the infestation of individual root system branches (namely anchors), and reducing the size and hence the functionality of the root system. |
Szombathová, N; Jr., Eliáš P; Dítě, D; Macák, M Soil properties and vegetation on saline-sodic soil in the Nature Reserve Mostová Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 60-66, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Szombathová200860, title = {Soil properties and vegetation on saline-sodic soil in the Nature Reserve Mostová}, author = {N Szombathová and P Eliáš Jr. and D Dítě and M Macák}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_szombathova_elias.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {60-66}, abstract = {The objective of this study was soil-oriented and phytosociological characterization of the saline area in the Nature Reserve (NR) Mostová located in the north-western part of the Danube lowland, Slovakia. A soil pit was trenched into the salt pan covered by a degraded community of Camphorosmetum annuae. The community occupying the most salinized plots was fairly frequent in the past, today, however, it is very rare in Slovakia. Soil morphology, physical and chemical parameters were analysed for the whole soil profile containing salt pan, and the chemical properties also for humus horizon (SAe) under the saline growth. We have found that the studied soil was compacted and it had unfavourable aggregate composition of SAe horizon. Aggregate disintegration could be due to prevailing Na+, which moreover caused a strongly alkaline reaction. Capillary raise of water was documented by dynamic of carbonates, percentage of water-soluble salts and colloids, the amount of which increased in topsoil. The results showed 3 times higher content of NaCl, 1.7 times higher electrical conductivity, 1.5 times higher sodium adsorption ratio, 1.3 times higher exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and by 0.6 higher pH values in the SAe horizon containing salt pan compared with SAe horizon under the saline growth. The humus content and quality was low. Based on pH values (ranging 10.57-9.91), ESP (58.7-43.0%) and electrical conductivity of solution (7,000-4,200 μS cm-1) we classified the studied soils as Sodic Solonchacks. The obtained results can contribute to better knowledge on ecology of saline soils in Slovakia and the Danube lowland.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of this study was soil-oriented and phytosociological characterization of the saline area in the Nature Reserve (NR) Mostová located in the north-western part of the Danube lowland, Slovakia. A soil pit was trenched into the salt pan covered by a degraded community of Camphorosmetum annuae. The community occupying the most salinized plots was fairly frequent in the past, today, however, it is very rare in Slovakia. Soil morphology, physical and chemical parameters were analysed for the whole soil profile containing salt pan, and the chemical properties also for humus horizon (SAe) under the saline growth. We have found that the studied soil was compacted and it had unfavourable aggregate composition of SAe horizon. Aggregate disintegration could be due to prevailing Na+, which moreover caused a strongly alkaline reaction. Capillary raise of water was documented by dynamic of carbonates, percentage of water-soluble salts and colloids, the amount of which increased in topsoil. The results showed 3 times higher content of NaCl, 1.7 times higher electrical conductivity, 1.5 times higher sodium adsorption ratio, 1.3 times higher exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and by 0.6 higher pH values in the SAe horizon containing salt pan compared with SAe horizon under the saline growth. The humus content and quality was low. Based on pH values (ranging 10.57-9.91), ESP (58.7-43.0%) and electrical conductivity of solution (7,000-4,200 μS cm-1) we classified the studied soils as Sodic Solonchacks. The obtained results can contribute to better knowledge on ecology of saline soils in Slovakia and the Danube lowland. |
Szombathová, N; Zaujec, A; Labudová, S; Labuda, R Soil properties under different vegetation types in the Arboretum Mlyňany Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 51-59, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Szombathová200851, title = {Soil properties under different vegetation types in the Arboretum Mlyňany}, author = {N Szombathová and A Zaujec and S Labudová and R Labuda}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_szombathova_zaujec.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {51-59}, abstract = {The influence of oak trees, and introduced Himalayan pine and Japanese cedar on soil chemical and microbial characteristics was observed in the Arboretum Mlyňany. The original growth on the studied area was an oak-hornbeam forest, therefore the soil under the rest of oak forest was taken as a control. The obtained results showed that changed growth of tree species strongly affected soil microbial and chemical properties. Highly significant (P < 0.001) differences in Ahorizons between the studied stands were found for soil reaction, sorption characteristics, nutrient content (N, P, K), soil organic matter (SOM), and soil microbial biomass. Significantly (P < 0.001) the strongest acidity, the highest total organic carbon content (C τ), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and its proportion of Cτ were found in A horizon of the soil under oaks. Higher microbial colonisation of oak soil was probably due to composition of susceptible organic matter and to biodegradation rather than by its amount. We suppose that lower humus quality under deciduous oaks was due to carbonate-less soil forming substrate and the longer period of influence the oak trees (more than 116 years) on soil compared to coniferous pine and cedar trees (45 years).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The influence of oak trees, and introduced Himalayan pine and Japanese cedar on soil chemical and microbial characteristics was observed in the Arboretum Mlyňany. The original growth on the studied area was an oak-hornbeam forest, therefore the soil under the rest of oak forest was taken as a control. The obtained results showed that changed growth of tree species strongly affected soil microbial and chemical properties. Highly significant (P < 0.001) differences in Ahorizons between the studied stands were found for soil reaction, sorption characteristics, nutrient content (N, P, K), soil organic matter (SOM), and soil microbial biomass. Significantly (P < 0.001) the strongest acidity, the highest total organic carbon content (C τ), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and its proportion of Cτ were found in A horizon of the soil under oaks. Higher microbial colonisation of oak soil was probably due to composition of susceptible organic matter and to biodegradation rather than by its amount. We suppose that lower humus quality under deciduous oaks was due to carbonate-less soil forming substrate and the longer period of influence the oak trees (more than 116 years) on soil compared to coniferous pine and cedar trees (45 years). |
Bolvanský, M; Užík, M; Šalgovičová, A; Žofajová, A Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 9-17, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Bolvanský20089, title = {Variability of chlorophyll and nitrogen content in the leaves of two-year-old seedlings of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) of different origin}, author = {M Bolvanský and M Užík and A Šalgovičová and A Žofajová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_bolvansky.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {9-17}, abstract = {Two-year-old seedlings of European chestnut derived from twelve 45year-old progenies grown at the permanent experimental plot in Homé Lefantovce were used in the study. The progenies originated from 12 old mother trees grown on four different localities of Slovakia (Jelenec, Homé Lefantovce, Tlstý Vrch and Duchonka). In 2006, at three different dates (June, August, September), indirect measurement of chlorophyll content by a portable device Chlorophyll Content Meter CL-01 (fi. Hansatech) was carried out in 180 seedlings (15 ones in each progeny). In August and September, also direct determination of chlorophyll a and b content was carried out in 81 seedlings from 9 progenies (after excluding progenies from Duchonka). In the leaves collected in August, nitrogen content was determined with a CNS 2000 Analyzer (LECO corp., USA). Variability of CL-01 values and chlorophyll content values was highly significantly influenced by date of measurement (the lowest CL-01 values in June), individual progenies and provenience (origin) of parental trees. The most distinct differences between the three studied proveniences were observed in chlorophyll a+b content in the August sampling. Correlation between N content and chlorophyll content was medium strong (r = 0.413 and 0.419).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two-year-old seedlings of European chestnut derived from twelve 45year-old progenies grown at the permanent experimental plot in Homé Lefantovce were used in the study. The progenies originated from 12 old mother trees grown on four different localities of Slovakia (Jelenec, Homé Lefantovce, Tlstý Vrch and Duchonka). In 2006, at three different dates (June, August, September), indirect measurement of chlorophyll content by a portable device Chlorophyll Content Meter CL-01 (fi. Hansatech) was carried out in 180 seedlings (15 ones in each progeny). In August and September, also direct determination of chlorophyll a and b content was carried out in 81 seedlings from 9 progenies (after excluding progenies from Duchonka). In the leaves collected in August, nitrogen content was determined with a CNS 2000 Analyzer (LECO corp., USA). Variability of CL-01 values and chlorophyll content values was highly significantly influenced by date of measurement (the lowest CL-01 values in June), individual progenies and provenience (origin) of parental trees. The most distinct differences between the three studied proveniences were observed in chlorophyll a+b content in the August sampling. Correlation between N content and chlorophyll content was medium strong (r = 0.413 and 0.419). |
Kukla, J; Kuklová, M; Maliníková, E Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) - Growth parameters in the Chočské vrchy Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (2), pp. 33-38, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kukla200833, title = {Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) - Growth parameters in the Chočské vrchy Mts}, author = {J Kukla and M Kuklová and E Maliníková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_2_kukla.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {33-38}, abstract = {The research was oriented on study of variability of selected growth parameters (length, weight, energy content, number of leaves in rosette and content of plant ash) of woodland strawberry in ecologically different geobiocoenoses in the Chočské vrchy Mts. The studied geobiocoenoses belong to the folio-wing forest vegetation tiers: the 4th - beech (geobiocoenosis 8), the 5th - fir-beech (geobiocoenoses 1, 5 and 6) and the 6th - spruce-beech-fir (geobiocoenosis 2). The highest differences in weight and energy storage of the Fragaria vesca rosettes (58%) were found between the geobiocoenoses of the 5th and the 6th forest vegetation tiers. The differences in energy density [kJ g-1 of dry matter] were small (3.2%), and significantly lower values were observed in the geobiocoenosis of the beech vegetation tier, similarly as in case of rosette length. The differences in the length and number of leaves in rosettes reached 33-34%. The highest average number of leaves per one rosette was ascertained in geobiocoenosis of the beech vegetation tier, the lowest in spruce-beech-fir vegetation tier. Significantly higher growth parameters (the mean length, weight, ash and energy content) of woodland strawberry observed in forest geobiocoenoses of 5th vegetation tier were connected with lower total herb cover.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The research was oriented on study of variability of selected growth parameters (length, weight, energy content, number of leaves in rosette and content of plant ash) of woodland strawberry in ecologically different geobiocoenoses in the Chočské vrchy Mts. The studied geobiocoenoses belong to the folio-wing forest vegetation tiers: the 4th - beech (geobiocoenosis 8), the 5th - fir-beech (geobiocoenoses 1, 5 and 6) and the 6th - spruce-beech-fir (geobiocoenosis 2). The highest differences in weight and energy storage of the Fragaria vesca rosettes (58%) were found between the geobiocoenoses of the 5th and the 6th forest vegetation tiers. The differences in energy density [kJ g-1 of dry matter] were small (3.2%), and significantly lower values were observed in the geobiocoenosis of the beech vegetation tier, similarly as in case of rosette length. The differences in the length and number of leaves in rosettes reached 33-34%. The highest average number of leaves per one rosette was ascertained in geobiocoenosis of the beech vegetation tier, the lowest in spruce-beech-fir vegetation tier. Significantly higher growth parameters (the mean length, weight, ash and energy content) of woodland strawberry observed in forest geobiocoenoses of 5th vegetation tier were connected with lower total herb cover. |
➤ Volume 35(1) 2008
Ditmarová, L; Kmet', J; Leštianska, A; Střelcová, K Analysis of physiological parameters of spruce trees as indicators of spruce dieback in the Spiš region Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 1-5, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Ditmarová20081, title = {Analysis of physiological parameters of spruce trees as indicators of spruce dieback in the Spiš region}, author = {L Ditmarová and J Kmet' and A Leštianska and K Střelcová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_ditmarova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, abstract = {This contribution is dealing with the large-scale dieback of spruce stands in the region Horný Spiš. The physiology of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) in this area is influenced and limited by a range of natural and anthropogenic ecological factors, acting in general in interactive way. The work summarises the results of an eco-physiologically oriented research evaluating physiological and so also health status of the relevant spruce stands. The research was running in year 2004 on two monitoring plots selected at the locality "Hliníky" in the region Horny Spiš. One plot showed symptoms of acute stand decomposition, the other lacked visible damage symptoms. The age of spruce trees on both plots was 80 years (adult trees). The analysis was focussed on appropriate indicators - biomarkers indicating damage to the spruce assimilatory apparatus as a tool for solving the issue of massive dieback of spruce stands. There have been processed the results of measurements of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the values of concentrations of assimilatory pigments.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This contribution is dealing with the large-scale dieback of spruce stands in the region Horný Spiš. The physiology of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) in this area is influenced and limited by a range of natural and anthropogenic ecological factors, acting in general in interactive way. The work summarises the results of an eco-physiologically oriented research evaluating physiological and so also health status of the relevant spruce stands. The research was running in year 2004 on two monitoring plots selected at the locality "Hliníky" in the region Horny Spiš. One plot showed symptoms of acute stand decomposition, the other lacked visible damage symptoms. The age of spruce trees on both plots was 80 years (adult trees). The analysis was focussed on appropriate indicators - biomarkers indicating damage to the spruce assimilatory apparatus as a tool for solving the issue of massive dieback of spruce stands. There have been processed the results of measurements of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the values of concentrations of assimilatory pigments. |
Kunca, V Atmospheric deposition and critical loads in a climax oak forest in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 15-19, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kunca200815, title = {Atmospheric deposition and critical loads in a climax oak forest in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts}, author = {V Kunca}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_kunca.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {15-19}, abstract = {Air pollutants have been for decades subjected to scientific research - due to their worldwide impact on the people's health and natural environment. We sampled vertical precipitation in an oak forest ecosystem at the locality Skalie in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. The obtained samples partially represent the atmospheric deposition - the process of accumulation of air pollutants on the ground surface. These samples were evaluated from the viewpoint of acid rain. In accordance with the assumption, there have been found apparent differences in annual concentrations of chemical components and elements between the rain water having passed through tree crowns (throughfall) or forest edges and the open area. The sulphates ranged from 3.8 in the open area to 18.2 mg l-1 in the forest gap. In case of nitrogen, the values of atmospheric deposition ranged from 13.8 kg ha-1 yr -1 in the forest gap to 23 kg ha-1 yr-1 under the oak crowns, in case of sulphur we obtained 7.7 in the open area and 23.8 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the forest gap. Comparing the calculated deposition loads with the critical loads, we did not observe exceeding of limits.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Air pollutants have been for decades subjected to scientific research - due to their worldwide impact on the people's health and natural environment. We sampled vertical precipitation in an oak forest ecosystem at the locality Skalie in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. The obtained samples partially represent the atmospheric deposition - the process of accumulation of air pollutants on the ground surface. These samples were evaluated from the viewpoint of acid rain. In accordance with the assumption, there have been found apparent differences in annual concentrations of chemical components and elements between the rain water having passed through tree crowns (throughfall) or forest edges and the open area. The sulphates ranged from 3.8 in the open area to 18.2 mg l-1 in the forest gap. In case of nitrogen, the values of atmospheric deposition ranged from 13.8 kg ha-1 yr -1 in the forest gap to 23 kg ha-1 yr-1 under the oak crowns, in case of sulphur we obtained 7.7 in the open area and 23.8 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the forest gap. Comparing the calculated deposition loads with the critical loads, we did not observe exceeding of limits. |
Majzlan, O Flight activity of beetles (Coleoptera) in Vysoké Tatry Mts (Malaise fauna) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 20-29, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Majzlan200820, title = {Flight activity of beetles (Coleoptera) in Vysoké Tatry Mts (Malaise fauna)}, author = {O Majzlan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_majzlan.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {20-29}, abstract = {In 2006 we studied flight activity of beetles at 4 sites in Vysoké Tatry Mts using a method of Malaise traps. The research was focused to find differences in diversity and equitability of beetle coenoses in 2 biotope types. The assemblages appear balanced in undamaged forest habitats. At deforested sites we recorded decline in equitability.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2006 we studied flight activity of beetles at 4 sites in Vysoké Tatry Mts using a method of Malaise traps. The research was focused to find differences in diversity and equitability of beetle coenoses in 2 biotope types. The assemblages appear balanced in undamaged forest habitats. At deforested sites we recorded decline in equitability. |
Tokár, F Morphological variability of fruits in the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) seed progenies in the Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 48-59, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Tokár200848, title = {Morphological variability of fruits in the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) seed progenies in the Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce}, author = {F Tokár}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_tokar.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {48-59}, abstract = {The paper provides a comprehensive survey of parameters describing morphological variability of chestnut fruits (weight, shape index, colour, size of hilum, fruit partition, colour of kernel, ease of seed coat peeling, taste of kernel) for 86 seed progenies of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) planted in the Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce. The research was being conducted in 1996-1998. The age of seed progenies at the beginning of the survey was 30-32 years. The results revealed that many morphological traits were dependent on the seed progeny's provenance (selection tree, locality and sub-region of cultivation) and on climate history in the relevant year.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper provides a comprehensive survey of parameters describing morphological variability of chestnut fruits (weight, shape index, colour, size of hilum, fruit partition, colour of kernel, ease of seed coat peeling, taste of kernel) for 86 seed progenies of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) planted in the Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce. The research was being conducted in 1996-1998. The age of seed progenies at the beginning of the survey was 30-32 years. The results revealed that many morphological traits were dependent on the seed progeny's provenance (selection tree, locality and sub-region of cultivation) and on climate history in the relevant year. |
Škvareninová, J; Domčeková, D; Snopková, Z; Škvarenina, J; Šiška, B Phenology of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the Zvolen basin, in dependence on bio-meteorological factors Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 40-47, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Škvareninová200840, title = {Phenology of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the Zvolen basin, in dependence on bio-meteorological factors}, author = {J Škvareninová and D Domčeková and Z Snopková and J Škvarenina and B Šiška}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_skvareninova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {40-47}, abstract = {The paper presents the course of phenophases in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the Zvolenská kotlina basin. The phenophases were observed according to the SHMÚ methodology. There were evaluated vegetative (leaf unfolding, bud-burst, leafing, autumn leaf discolouration, leaf-fall) and generative (flower buds, flowering, end of flowering, ripening of fruits) phenophases over 2003-2006, in relation to the bio-meteorological variables. The average day of onset of leaf bud swelling was the April 12, the blossoming phase began towards April 24. Significant for starting these phenophases was the mean daily air temperature not sinking below 0°C. The spring generative phenophases were launched when the effective air temperature was higher - at 8°C. The flower buds were observed towards May 6. The flowering started on about May 10. The autumn leaf discolouration started in average on October 9 and the leaffall on November 8. The beginning of these phenophases also depended on temperature and precipitation conditions in the growing season. The ripening of fruits was influenced by temperature and the rate of solar radiation, but it may be conditioned by genetic properties, too. Ripening of pedunculate oak fruits was observed towards September 19. The autumn phenophases finished sooner in dry years than in wet years.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the course of phenophases in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the Zvolenská kotlina basin. The phenophases were observed according to the SHMÚ methodology. There were evaluated vegetative (leaf unfolding, bud-burst, leafing, autumn leaf discolouration, leaf-fall) and generative (flower buds, flowering, end of flowering, ripening of fruits) phenophases over 2003-2006, in relation to the bio-meteorological variables. The average day of onset of leaf bud swelling was the April 12, the blossoming phase began towards April 24. Significant for starting these phenophases was the mean daily air temperature not sinking below 0°C. The spring generative phenophases were launched when the effective air temperature was higher - at 8°C. The flower buds were observed towards May 6. The flowering started on about May 10. The autumn leaf discolouration started in average on October 9 and the leaffall on November 8. The beginning of these phenophases also depended on temperature and precipitation conditions in the growing season. The ripening of fruits was influenced by temperature and the rate of solar radiation, but it may be conditioned by genetic properties, too. Ripening of pedunculate oak fruits was observed towards September 19. The autumn phenophases finished sooner in dry years than in wet years. |
Mihalíková, K; Škvarenina, J; Střelcová, K; Gömöryová, E Throughfall chemistry and atmospheric deposition in a Norway spruce - Subalpine climax forest in the Pol'ana Biosphere reserve, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 30-39, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Mihalíková200830, title = {Throughfall chemistry and atmospheric deposition in a Norway spruce - Subalpine climax forest in the Pol'ana Biosphere reserve, Slovakia}, author = {K Mihalíková and J Škvarenina and K Střelcová and E Gömöryová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_mihalikova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {30-39}, abstract = {This work deals with chemistry of precipitation and atmospheric deposition in a climax spruce stand in the Pol'ana Mts. Vertical precipitation and throughfall was sampled on the research plot Predná Pol'ana in years 2004-2006. Precipitation was collected from two plots - a spruce forest stand and open area. The purpose of our work was to interpret the chemical-physical characteristics of vertical precipitation (pH, electric conductivity), to determine concentrations of selected chemical substances (SO4 2-, NO3-, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+) and to evaluate the wet atmospheric depositions of main elements (H+, S, N and alkaline elements). We observed increasing precipitation acidity and significant pollution more enriching stand precipitation than the open area. The pH values in throughfall ranged from 3.43 to 6.09, in lysimetric waters from 3.29 to 5.86 and in open area from 4.9 to 6.42. The results show an increase in pH values, and decrease in all the followed elements and substances in both concentration and deposition, both on the open plot and in the stand.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work deals with chemistry of precipitation and atmospheric deposition in a climax spruce stand in the Pol'ana Mts. Vertical precipitation and throughfall was sampled on the research plot Predná Pol'ana in years 2004-2006. Precipitation was collected from two plots - a spruce forest stand and open area. The purpose of our work was to interpret the chemical-physical characteristics of vertical precipitation (pH, electric conductivity), to determine concentrations of selected chemical substances (SO4 2-, NO3-, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+) and to evaluate the wet atmospheric depositions of main elements (H+, S, N and alkaline elements). We observed increasing precipitation acidity and significant pollution more enriching stand precipitation than the open area. The pH values in throughfall ranged from 3.43 to 6.09, in lysimetric waters from 3.29 to 5.86 and in open area from 4.9 to 6.42. The results show an increase in pH values, and decrease in all the followed elements and substances in both concentration and deposition, both on the open plot and in the stand. |
Klabzuba, J; Kožnarová, V Usage possibilities of standard climatic characteristics for agrometeorological purposes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 60-65, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Klabzuba200860, title = {Usage possibilities of standard climatic characteristics for agrometeorological purposes}, author = {J Klabzuba and V Kožnarová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_klabzuba.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {60-65}, abstract = {This paper deals with the creation of 'optimal' weather model for the cultivation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. napus). The starting point was parameterisation of negative meteorological conditions influencing growth, development and yield. We have processed, with the aid of standard climatologic characteristics of the semi-quantitative three-level evaluations, more than fifteen growing seasons with emphasis on unfavourable and high-risk meteorological factors (dryness or wetness during sowing, warm autumn, cold winter, high number of days with strong frost, low number of days with snow-cover, high number of days with precipitation during flowering). The result is a simple graphical model enabling us to express the accumulation of the effects of negative factors during the vegetation period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper deals with the creation of 'optimal' weather model for the cultivation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. napus). The starting point was parameterisation of negative meteorological conditions influencing growth, development and yield. We have processed, with the aid of standard climatologic characteristics of the semi-quantitative three-level evaluations, more than fifteen growing seasons with emphasis on unfavourable and high-risk meteorological factors (dryness or wetness during sowing, warm autumn, cold winter, high number of days with strong frost, low number of days with snow-cover, high number of days with precipitation during flowering). The result is a simple graphical model enabling us to express the accumulation of the effects of negative factors during the vegetation period. |
Kantor, P; Šach, F Water balance of young Norway spruce and European beech mountain stands in growing seasons 2005, 2006 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 35 (1), pp. 6-14, 2008, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kantor20086, title = {Water balance of young Norway spruce and European beech mountain stands in growing seasons 2005, 2006}, author = {P Kantor and F Šach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_35_1_kantor.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {6-14}, abstract = {The study evaluated all components of the water balance of a young spruce and beech stand in growing seasons 2005 and 2006 (from May 1 to October 31) at the field long-term research station Deštné in the Orlické hory Mts. Both stands lie side by side on the slope of WSW aspect at an altitude of 890 m. In 2005, the 25 years old stands were fully stocked with close canopy. Total evaporation (interception + soil evaporation + transpiration) of both stands was markedly lower in 2006 due to rainy and also rather cold growing season than in 2005, amounting to 290.1 mm in the spruce stand (367.2 mm in 2005) and only 249.6 mm in the beech stand (319.6 mm in 2005). With respect to greater evaporation of the coniferous stand in growing seasons 2005 and 2006, less water - by 32 and 36 mm (5 and 4%) percolated through the soil mantle and subsequently drained into watercourses from the coniferous spruce stand than from me broadleaved beech stand. Both stands demonstrated also high retention capacity of soil. It was documented particularly in August 2006 during intensive rainstorms (3 August- 70.1 mm; 21 August - 73.8 mm; 25 August - 64.6 mm). Water of the rainstorms was virtually fully converted into harmless subsurface runoff.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study evaluated all components of the water balance of a young spruce and beech stand in growing seasons 2005 and 2006 (from May 1 to October 31) at the field long-term research station Deštné in the Orlické hory Mts. Both stands lie side by side on the slope of WSW aspect at an altitude of 890 m. In 2005, the 25 years old stands were fully stocked with close canopy. Total evaporation (interception + soil evaporation + transpiration) of both stands was markedly lower in 2006 due to rainy and also rather cold growing season than in 2005, amounting to 290.1 mm in the spruce stand (367.2 mm in 2005) and only 249.6 mm in the beech stand (319.6 mm in 2005). With respect to greater evaporation of the coniferous stand in growing seasons 2005 and 2006, less water - by 32 and 36 mm (5 and 4%) percolated through the soil mantle and subsequently drained into watercourses from the coniferous spruce stand than from me broadleaved beech stand. Both stands demonstrated also high retention capacity of soil. It was documented particularly in August 2006 during intensive rainstorms (3 August- 70.1 mm; 21 August - 73.8 mm; 25 August - 64.6 mm). Water of the rainstorms was virtually fully converted into harmless subsurface runoff. |
➤ Volume 34(2) 2007
Lorencová, H Decomposition dynamics and biological activity in a floodplain forest [Humusové poměry a biologická aktivita lužních lesů] Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (2), pp. 116-124, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Lorencová2007116, title = {Decomposition dynamics and biological activity in a floodplain forest [Humusové poměry a biologická aktivita lužních lesů]}, author = {H Lorencová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_2_Lorencova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {116-124}, abstract = {The submitted work presents preliminary results of study evaluating the values of humus ratio in a hardwood floodplain forest situated near Lednice na Moravě, Forest Enterprise Židlochovice. The basic characteristics of surface humus layer in the mixed growth of the examined forest are assessed. The research locality is situated at an altitude of 151-153 m. The average of annual temperature is approximately 9-10°C, average of annual rainfall is 500-550 mm. In samples of litter fall (oak, ash), the contents of carbon, nitrogen, dry matter and C/N ratio were determined and the microscopic pictures of foliage decomposition were made.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The submitted work presents preliminary results of study evaluating the values of humus ratio in a hardwood floodplain forest situated near Lednice na Moravě, Forest Enterprise Židlochovice. The basic characteristics of surface humus layer in the mixed growth of the examined forest are assessed. The research locality is situated at an altitude of 151-153 m. The average of annual temperature is approximately 9-10°C, average of annual rainfall is 500-550 mm. In samples of litter fall (oak, ash), the contents of carbon, nitrogen, dry matter and C/N ratio were determined and the microscopic pictures of foliage decomposition were made. |
Hurtalová, T; Matejka, F; Janouš, D; Pokorný, R; Rožnovský, J Influence of snow damage on aerodynamic characteristics of a spruce stand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (2), pp. 97-104, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Hurtalová200797, title = {Influence of snow damage on aerodynamic characteristics of a spruce stand}, author = {T Hurtalová and F Matejka and D Janouš and R Pokorný and J Rožnovský}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_2_Hurtalova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {97-104}, abstract = {Influence of snow damage on aerodynamic characteristics of a spruce stand was investigated during the growing seasons 2005 and 2006 before and after the winter 2005/2006 that caused damage to the forest. Wim this aim, the wind speed profiles measured in and above the investigated forest stand were analyzed. This forest is situated in the Experimental Ecological Study Site Bílý Kříž in the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mountains, the Czech Republic. The experimental site consists of two plots with Norway spruce monocultures with different stand densities. In the growing season 2005, the mean tree height was 11.9 m on the "dense" plot (Fd; a density of 2,044 trees/ha) and 11.0 m on the "sparse" one (Fs; a density of 1,652 trees/ha). The measurements of wind speed profile were realized at six levels on 26-m-high towers situated near the centre of each plot. The winter 2005/2006 was characterized by continuous snow cover (from November 2005 to April 2006) with a high water value in the investigated locality. The damage to the forest caused by this snow blanket was noticeable, mainly in Fd. The stand density decreased by about 29% on Fd and by about 14% on Fs plot. It witnesses entirely new airflow conditions within and over this forest stand and connected changes in its aerodynamic characteristics.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Influence of snow damage on aerodynamic characteristics of a spruce stand was investigated during the growing seasons 2005 and 2006 before and after the winter 2005/2006 that caused damage to the forest. Wim this aim, the wind speed profiles measured in and above the investigated forest stand were analyzed. This forest is situated in the Experimental Ecological Study Site Bílý Kříž in the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mountains, the Czech Republic. The experimental site consists of two plots with Norway spruce monocultures with different stand densities. In the growing season 2005, the mean tree height was 11.9 m on the "dense" plot (Fd; a density of 2,044 trees/ha) and 11.0 m on the "sparse" one (Fs; a density of 1,652 trees/ha). The measurements of wind speed profile were realized at six levels on 26-m-high towers situated near the centre of each plot. The winter 2005/2006 was characterized by continuous snow cover (from November 2005 to April 2006) with a high water value in the investigated locality. The damage to the forest caused by this snow blanket was noticeable, mainly in Fd. The stand density decreased by about 29% on Fd and by about 14% on Fs plot. It witnesses entirely new airflow conditions within and over this forest stand and connected changes in its aerodynamic characteristics. |
Ježík, M; Blaženec, M; Střelcová, K Intraseasonal stem circumference oscilations: Their connection to weather course Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (2), pp. 105-115, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Ježík2007105, title = {Intraseasonal stem circumference oscilations: Their connection to weather course}, author = {M Ježík and M Blaženec and K Střelcová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_2_jezik.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {105-115}, abstract = {The diameter (circumference, radial) growth of trees is primarily connected with activity of secondary lateral meristematic tissues - cambium and phellogen. Their activity is linked with the basic physiological processes running in trees, the influence of which can be either direct or indirect. This process is also influenced by climate and weather fluctuations. At the same time, the tree stem with its tissues (bark, phloem, xylem) serves as a water reservoir for transpiration, and the short-time oscilations in the stem magnitude reflect the water balance and water potential of these tissues. The study ran in the vegetation period 2006. We measured short-time stem circumference changes on 1 beech and 3 spruce individuals in a primeval spruce forest in locality Predná Pol'ana (1360 m asl). In this contribution we deal mainly with inter-daily circumference changes and their connection to the seasonal weather course. A strong weather signal, affecting the circumference changes, was observed both on spruce and beech.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The diameter (circumference, radial) growth of trees is primarily connected with activity of secondary lateral meristematic tissues - cambium and phellogen. Their activity is linked with the basic physiological processes running in trees, the influence of which can be either direct or indirect. This process is also influenced by climate and weather fluctuations. At the same time, the tree stem with its tissues (bark, phloem, xylem) serves as a water reservoir for transpiration, and the short-time oscilations in the stem magnitude reflect the water balance and water potential of these tissues. The study ran in the vegetation period 2006. We measured short-time stem circumference changes on 1 beech and 3 spruce individuals in a primeval spruce forest in locality Predná Pol'ana (1360 m asl). In this contribution we deal mainly with inter-daily circumference changes and their connection to the seasonal weather course. A strong weather signal, affecting the circumference changes, was observed both on spruce and beech. |
Melicharová, A; Schneider, J; Mikita, T; Celer, S; Kupec, P; Vyskot, I Folia Oecologica, 34 (2), pp. 125-145, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Melicharová2007125, title = {On the possibility of usage of GIS for ecological damage evaluation, demonstrated on example of the wind calamity in the High Tatra National Park}, author = {A Melicharová and J Schneider and T Mikita and S Celer and P Kupec and I Vyskot}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_2_melicharova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {125-145}, abstract = {The article presents methodology and results of ecological damage evaluation carried out with using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The concerned ecological damage was caused by the wind calamity impacted the most part of the High Tatra National Park (TANAP) in November 2004. The ecological damage to mountain forests has been evaluated by the ecosystem method called Quantification and Evaluation of Forest Functions (VYSKOT, 2003) as empowering (reduction) of the ecosystem functions resulting from the wind calamity having caused the damage. There have also been determined me damage categories and their presence in the forest stands. The GIS was used in the first step for the extensive data set processing; in the second step for some special analyses. The GIS software special analyses were applied in multi criteria evaluation of forest stands resistance to wind ecological damage, where different parameters of forest stand biotic and abiotic conditions were combined. The results presented in the article show evidence of powerful usage of GIS software for analyses connected with ecological damage evaluation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The article presents methodology and results of ecological damage evaluation carried out with using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The concerned ecological damage was caused by the wind calamity impacted the most part of the High Tatra National Park (TANAP) in November 2004. The ecological damage to mountain forests has been evaluated by the ecosystem method called Quantification and Evaluation of Forest Functions (VYSKOT, 2003) as empowering (reduction) of the ecosystem functions resulting from the wind calamity having caused the damage. There have also been determined me damage categories and their presence in the forest stands. The GIS was used in the first step for the extensive data set processing; in the second step for some special analyses. The GIS software special analyses were applied in multi criteria evaluation of forest stands resistance to wind ecological damage, where different parameters of forest stand biotic and abiotic conditions were combined. The results presented in the article show evidence of powerful usage of GIS software for analyses connected with ecological damage evaluation. |
Pichler, V; Gregor, J; Homolák, M; Capuliak, J; Bebej, J; Vál'ka, J Prediction of medium- and long-term changes in soil reaction in a beech forest based on observations in the beech stemflow zone Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (2), pp. 146-152, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Pichler2007146, title = {Prediction of medium- and long-term changes in soil reaction in a beech forest based on observations in the beech stemflow zone}, author = {V Pichler and J Gregor and M Homolák and J Capuliak and J Bebej and J Vál'ka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_2_Pichler.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {146-152}, abstract = {The active soil reaction in a mature beech forest subjected to alkaline dust deposition reflected parallel influence of both alkaline and acid deposition. As a result, the active soil reaction within the stemflow zone at the depth of 5-10 cm decreased from 7.4 and 6.5 to 5.9 and 4.7, respectively. Outside the stemflow zone, the soil pH values were reduced from 7.9 to 6.6. This phenomenon occurred due to the long-range acid air pollution transport. Stechiometric calculations showed that the amount of acid deposition was amplified through the stemflow effect in beech trees that in their turn partly offset the alkaline deposition. Thus, the active reaction of the topsoil subjected to stemflow moved from moderately alkaline to moderately acid range during the period 1990-2006, while a similar shift from moderately alkaline towards neutral values occurred outside the stemflow zone. The pH decrease was correlated with a more than 90% reduction in alkaline dust emissions from magnesite works. In the stemflow zone, the active soil reaction at the depth of 5-10 cm is supposed to remain in the related intervals up to about 2030. Outside the stemflow zone, the active soil reaction at the same depth should persist in the neutral range until 2015. Subsequently, the active soil reaction will move towards the moderately acid range even outside the stemflow zone. Standard forest management will probably cause the active soil reaction to converge to the original soil pH value of 5 in the course of approximately 200 years.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The active soil reaction in a mature beech forest subjected to alkaline dust deposition reflected parallel influence of both alkaline and acid deposition. As a result, the active soil reaction within the stemflow zone at the depth of 5-10 cm decreased from 7.4 and 6.5 to 5.9 and 4.7, respectively. Outside the stemflow zone, the soil pH values were reduced from 7.9 to 6.6. This phenomenon occurred due to the long-range acid air pollution transport. Stechiometric calculations showed that the amount of acid deposition was amplified through the stemflow effect in beech trees that in their turn partly offset the alkaline deposition. Thus, the active reaction of the topsoil subjected to stemflow moved from moderately alkaline to moderately acid range during the period 1990-2006, while a similar shift from moderately alkaline towards neutral values occurred outside the stemflow zone. The pH decrease was correlated with a more than 90% reduction in alkaline dust emissions from magnesite works. In the stemflow zone, the active soil reaction at the depth of 5-10 cm is supposed to remain in the related intervals up to about 2030. Outside the stemflow zone, the active soil reaction at the same depth should persist in the neutral range until 2015. Subsequently, the active soil reaction will move towards the moderately acid range even outside the stemflow zone. Standard forest management will probably cause the active soil reaction to converge to the original soil pH value of 5 in the course of approximately 200 years. |
Hájková, L; Sedláček, V; Nekovář, J Temporal and spatial variability of the most important phenological phases of birch in the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (2), pp. 86-96, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Hájková200786, title = {Temporal and spatial variability of the most important phenological phases of birch in the Czech Republic}, author = {L Hájková and V Sedláček and J Nekovář}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_2_Hajkova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {86-96}, abstract = {Phenology is the study of the times of recurring natural phenomena in plants and animals. The Czech Meteorological Service launched its phenological observations in 1940, with a whole data-providing network, including the archives from the year 1923. Today the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) operates with a network of phenological stations encompassing field crops, fruit trees and wild plants, according to the Memodical instructions number 2, 3, 10. There are also observed several very important allergenic species from which birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) has been chosen for the subject of this case study - as one of the most frequent allergenic plants in Europe, including the Czech Republic. Its pollen grains are the most important allergen. Observing phenological phases (flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering) is important for identification of the pollen season. At wild plant stations, there are observed these phenophases in Betula verrucosa Ehrh: sprouting, first leaves, full leaves, flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering, bud creation, lignification of sprouts, yellowing of leaves, defoliation and ripening of fruits. Temporal and spatial variability in the chosen phenophases (sprouting, first leaves, full leaves, flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering) was explored with using statistical (basic statistical characteristics) and GIS methods for the periods 1992-2006 and 1992-2007 with respect to allergenic importance of the phenophases. Temporal variability was monitored at the phenological stations Lednice (48°48' N, 16°48' E, 165 m asl) and Pemink (50°22' N, 12°47' E, 860 m asl), the spatial variability at 44 stations with MASL (mean above sea level) ranging from 155 m (Doksany - Polabská nížina) to 1102 m (Filipova Hut' - Šumava). The results are presented in form of tables and maps. In this case study we observed the following shifts in phenophases (lowland in comparison with mountain): sprouting (22.6 days), first leaves (19.8 days), full leaves (21.6 days), flower buttons visible (26.5 days), beginning of flowering (27.2 days), end of flowering (25.4 days).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phenology is the study of the times of recurring natural phenomena in plants and animals. The Czech Meteorological Service launched its phenological observations in 1940, with a whole data-providing network, including the archives from the year 1923. Today the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) operates with a network of phenological stations encompassing field crops, fruit trees and wild plants, according to the Memodical instructions number 2, 3, 10. There are also observed several very important allergenic species from which birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) has been chosen for the subject of this case study - as one of the most frequent allergenic plants in Europe, including the Czech Republic. Its pollen grains are the most important allergen. Observing phenological phases (flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering) is important for identification of the pollen season. At wild plant stations, there are observed these phenophases in Betula verrucosa Ehrh: sprouting, first leaves, full leaves, flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering, bud creation, lignification of sprouts, yellowing of leaves, defoliation and ripening of fruits. Temporal and spatial variability in the chosen phenophases (sprouting, first leaves, full leaves, flower buttons visible, beginning and end of flowering) was explored with using statistical (basic statistical characteristics) and GIS methods for the periods 1992-2006 and 1992-2007 with respect to allergenic importance of the phenophases. Temporal variability was monitored at the phenological stations Lednice (48°48' N, 16°48' E, 165 m asl) and Pemink (50°22' N, 12°47' E, 860 m asl), the spatial variability at 44 stations with MASL (mean above sea level) ranging from 155 m (Doksany - Polabská nížina) to 1102 m (Filipova Hut' - Šumava). The results are presented in form of tables and maps. In this case study we observed the following shifts in phenophases (lowland in comparison with mountain): sprouting (22.6 days), first leaves (19.8 days), full leaves (21.6 days), flower buttons visible (26.5 days), beginning of flowering (27.2 days), end of flowering (25.4 days). |
➤ Volume 34(1) 2007
Ivanova, H; Bernardovičová, S; Pastirčáková, K Influence of changed ecological conditions of environment on occurrence of London plane (Platanus x hispanica Münchh.) anthracnose Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 1-8, 2007, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanova2007, title = {Influence of changed ecological conditions of environment on occurrence of London plane (Platanus x hispanica Münchh.) anthracnose}, author = {H. Ivanova and S. Bernardovičová and K. Pastirčáková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Pastircakova.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {During 2004–2007, reappearances of anthracnose on Platanus × hispanica caused by the microscopical fungus Apiognomonia veneta were recorded. Causal agent of the disease was isolated from symptomatic leaves and twigs, with characteristic spots and lesions, sampled from affected host trees growing in urban environment at the selected locality (Nitra). Subsequent identification and morphological description of fungal isolates was made by microscopical differentiation, according to the fungi identification key. Our study has confirmed interannual changes in the disease severity and influence of temperature in period decisive for occurrence and progress of the disease. Cool springs are more promoting severe plane anthrac-nose outbreaks. Repeated annual removal of twigs and leaves results in weakening of plane trees.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During 2004–2007, reappearances of anthracnose on Platanus × hispanica caused by the microscopical fungus Apiognomonia veneta were recorded. Causal agent of the disease was isolated from symptomatic leaves and twigs, with characteristic spots and lesions, sampled from affected host trees growing in urban environment at the selected locality (Nitra). Subsequent identification and morphological description of fungal isolates was made by microscopical differentiation, according to the fungi identification key. Our study has confirmed interannual changes in the disease severity and influence of temperature in period decisive for occurrence and progress of the disease. Cool springs are more promoting severe plane anthrac-nose outbreaks. Repeated annual removal of twigs and leaves results in weakening of plane trees. |
Kula, E Caterpillars of the crown fauna in stands of substitute tree species Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 30-41, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kula200730, title = {Caterpillars of the crown fauna in stands of substitute tree species}, author = {E Kula}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Kula.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {30-41}, abstract = {We studied the crown fauna of caterpillars in the air-polluted area of the Krušné hory Mts, in tree stands consisting of substitute tree species Betula pendula Roth, Sorbus aucuparia L., Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.), Picea pungens Englm., Pinus sylvestris L., Larix decidua Mill., Acer campestre L., Pinus sylvestris L., Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L. and Q. rubra L. We used the method of shaking off the crown fauna of caterpillars. In the course of two years, larvae of 137 Lepidoptera species were registered, namely 123 species on broadleaved trees and 27 on conifers. Birch (63 species), alder (54) and mountain ash (38) showed the richest crown fauna. The proportion of caterpillars in the crown of beech (24), larch (18) and oak (25) was, however, poorer in species. Paraswammerdamia albicapitella (Scharf.) was found only on mountain ash, Aleimma loeflingianum (L.) on red oak and Ypsolopha ustella (Cl.) on sessile oak. The occurrence of caterpillars on Picea pungens is surprising because it represents a very unattractive species for phytophages and information is missing on its fauna from the area of the CR. Soerensen's index of faunistic similarity was highest between birch and alder (51.3%) and the same level of similarity was noted between birch and mountain ash (31.7%) and beech (32.2%) and oak (26%).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the crown fauna of caterpillars in the air-polluted area of the Krušné hory Mts, in tree stands consisting of substitute tree species Betula pendula Roth, Sorbus aucuparia L., Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.), Picea pungens Englm., Pinus sylvestris L., Larix decidua Mill., Acer campestre L., Pinus sylvestris L., Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L. and Q. rubra L. We used the method of shaking off the crown fauna of caterpillars. In the course of two years, larvae of 137 Lepidoptera species were registered, namely 123 species on broadleaved trees and 27 on conifers. Birch (63 species), alder (54) and mountain ash (38) showed the richest crown fauna. The proportion of caterpillars in the crown of beech (24), larch (18) and oak (25) was, however, poorer in species. Paraswammerdamia albicapitella (Scharf.) was found only on mountain ash, Aleimma loeflingianum (L.) on red oak and Ypsolopha ustella (Cl.) on sessile oak. The occurrence of caterpillars on Picea pungens is surprising because it represents a very unattractive species for phytophages and information is missing on its fauna from the area of the CR. Soerensen's index of faunistic similarity was highest between birch and alder (51.3%) and the same level of similarity was noted between birch and mountain ash (31.7%) and beech (32.2%) and oak (26%). |
Majzlan, O; Gajdoš, P Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 42-51, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Majzlan200742, title = {Changes in alpine meadow epigeal fauna in the Západné Tatry Mts induced by nitrogen and phosphorus additions to the soil, and analysed on example of beetles (Coleoptera) assemblages}, author = {O Majzlan and P Gajdoš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Majzlan.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {42-51}, abstract = {Changes in structure of an epigaeon were studied in alpine meadows of the Tarry Mts influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus additions. Five sites were compared according to their epigeal beetle fauna. In total we recorded 65 species, including dominant Carabus sylvestris, Otiorhynchus arcticus, Calathus metallicus and Aphodius abdominalis. Communities in the study sites treated with the highest nitrogen amounts (site N15) and with phosphorus (P) reflected significant changes in species composition and abundance in comparison with the background (control) site (C).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in structure of an epigaeon were studied in alpine meadows of the Tarry Mts influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus additions. Five sites were compared according to their epigeal beetle fauna. In total we recorded 65 species, including dominant Carabus sylvestris, Otiorhynchus arcticus, Calathus metallicus and Aphodius abdominalis. Communities in the study sites treated with the highest nitrogen amounts (site N15) and with phosphorus (P) reflected significant changes in species composition and abundance in comparison with the background (control) site (C). |
Krajčovičová, D; Šprochová, K Extensive roof garden as a thermal insulator Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 24-29, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Krajčovičová200724, title = {Extensive roof garden as a thermal insulator}, author = {D Krajčovičová and K Šprochová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Krajcovicova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {24-29}, abstract = {Extensive green roofs are established with thin layers of substrate exerting only small load to the roof. The construction of such a roof is relatively simple, low cost demanding, and, on the other hand, it is able to improve not only the ecological value of the concerned building but also the overall value of its surroundings. One of the requirements an extensive green roof is able to comply with is thermal insulation of the roof. The aim of our research was to find the extent of energy savings in case of a model green roof in climatic conditions of the Nitra town. The roof was built with standard materials with heat transmission coefficients refereed by the manufacturer. At the same time we evaluated, using the TEVLAKO software (software for heating systems and thermal protection of buildings), energy savings and losses corresponding to reduced thickness of thermo-insulating materials used for construction of the studied model extensive green roof. We obtained the following results: 1. An extensive green roof can represent lower costs thanks to reduction of the necessary thermo-insulation layer. 2. In summer, an extensive green roof can represent savings in energy necessary for cooling air in rooms situated immediately under the roof, because green roofs reduce the penetration of heat from solar radiation and can lower the inside temperature under the roof by 5-6°C.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Extensive green roofs are established with thin layers of substrate exerting only small load to the roof. The construction of such a roof is relatively simple, low cost demanding, and, on the other hand, it is able to improve not only the ecological value of the concerned building but also the overall value of its surroundings. One of the requirements an extensive green roof is able to comply with is thermal insulation of the roof. The aim of our research was to find the extent of energy savings in case of a model green roof in climatic conditions of the Nitra town. The roof was built with standard materials with heat transmission coefficients refereed by the manufacturer. At the same time we evaluated, using the TEVLAKO software (software for heating systems and thermal protection of buildings), energy savings and losses corresponding to reduced thickness of thermo-insulating materials used for construction of the studied model extensive green roof. We obtained the following results: 1. An extensive green roof can represent lower costs thanks to reduction of the necessary thermo-insulation layer. 2. In summer, an extensive green roof can represent savings in energy necessary for cooling air in rooms situated immediately under the roof, because green roofs reduce the penetration of heat from solar radiation and can lower the inside temperature under the roof by 5-6°C. |
Juhásová, G; Adamčíková, K; Kobza, M; Hrubík, P; Serbinová, K; Hanzel, E Horticultural evaluation of woody plants in the National Cemetery Martin, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 9-15, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Juhásová20079, title = {Horticultural evaluation of woody plants in the National Cemetery Martin, Slovakia}, author = {G Juhásová and K Adamčíková and M Kobza and P Hrubík and K Serbinová and E Hanzel}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Juhasova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {9-15}, abstract = {In this article we present the results of horticultural evaluation of woody plants in the National Cemetery in Martin. There have been evaluated 486 woody plants, representing 43 taxons from 25 species. The obtained data reveal that 265 woody plants are of a very low horticultural value, corresponding to the degrees 1 and 2; 192 of them are acceptable (degree 3), and 29 are of a high value (degree 5). The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used for expressing the relation between the horticultural value and size of the woody plants evaluated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this article we present the results of horticultural evaluation of woody plants in the National Cemetery in Martin. There have been evaluated 486 woody plants, representing 43 taxons from 25 species. The obtained data reveal that 265 woody plants are of a very low horticultural value, corresponding to the degrees 1 and 2; 192 of them are acceptable (degree 3), and 29 are of a high value (degree 5). The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used for expressing the relation between the horticultural value and size of the woody plants evaluated. |
Kellerová, D Measurements of proton load (H+) in natural environment of the West Carpathians Mountains (passive sampling method) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 16-23, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kellerová200716, title = {Measurements of proton load (H+) in natural environment of the West Carpathians Mountains (passive sampling method)}, author = {D Kellerová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Kellerova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {16-23}, abstract = {We studied air pollution in selected forest (beech, spruce) ecosystems in Slovakia, the West Carpathians Mts. To monitor forest exposure to air pollutants, we used the method of passive samplers. The comparison between pairs of open plots and forest stands revealed that the load was in general higher on the corresponding open plot. The only exception was the beech experimental site whose former open plot has already been restocked by natural regeneration, and the difference between the load on the regenerated plot and the original stand was not remarkable. The results of the proton load pointed out the dependence on altitude. In comparison with other regions in Slovakia and some other in central Europe, the air pollution with airborne pollutants at the Beech Ecological Experimental Station Kremnické vrchy Mts (470-510 m asl) can be assessed as moderate (9.3 mmol H+ day-1 m -2). The values monitored in beech stands of the Žiarska kotlina basin (470 m asl) in 1992 were 1.3 times higher. The Biosphere Reserve Pol'ana Mts (1,370-1,380 m asl), with dominant spruce, had pollution levels four times higher than the BEES. In the National Park Nízke Tatry Mts (1,440 m asl), was the mean annual value 3.5 higher compared to the corresponding value at the BEES Kremnické vrchy Mts. Assessment of soil resistance against human-induced acidification revealed that the region of the Kremnické vrchy Mts was the most resistant in this case, too. As for the contamination, the most loaded ones are stands at altitudes above 600-700 m asl. On the other hand, the soil acidity in these areas is not extreme, which manifest a strong buffering and regeneration capacity of the local soils. The method of passive samplers is a simple method for mapping pollutants effects in natural environment of forest ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied air pollution in selected forest (beech, spruce) ecosystems in Slovakia, the West Carpathians Mts. To monitor forest exposure to air pollutants, we used the method of passive samplers. The comparison between pairs of open plots and forest stands revealed that the load was in general higher on the corresponding open plot. The only exception was the beech experimental site whose former open plot has already been restocked by natural regeneration, and the difference between the load on the regenerated plot and the original stand was not remarkable. The results of the proton load pointed out the dependence on altitude. In comparison with other regions in Slovakia and some other in central Europe, the air pollution with airborne pollutants at the Beech Ecological Experimental Station Kremnické vrchy Mts (470-510 m asl) can be assessed as moderate (9.3 mmol H+ day-1 m -2). The values monitored in beech stands of the Žiarska kotlina basin (470 m asl) in 1992 were 1.3 times higher. The Biosphere Reserve Pol'ana Mts (1,370-1,380 m asl), with dominant spruce, had pollution levels four times higher than the BEES. In the National Park Nízke Tatry Mts (1,440 m asl), was the mean annual value 3.5 higher compared to the corresponding value at the BEES Kremnické vrchy Mts. Assessment of soil resistance against human-induced acidification revealed that the region of the Kremnické vrchy Mts was the most resistant in this case, too. As for the contamination, the most loaded ones are stands at altitudes above 600-700 m asl. On the other hand, the soil acidity in these areas is not extreme, which manifest a strong buffering and regeneration capacity of the local soils. The method of passive samplers is a simple method for mapping pollutants effects in natural environment of forest ecosystems. |
Požgaj, J; Mercel, F; Oravcová, E; Požgaj, R; Szabová, A; Požgajová, M Pribeta grove (Pribeta-Chapel) - A locality with a highly diversified mixture of Slovak original oaks Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 52-60, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Požgaj200752, title = {Pribeta grove (Pribeta-Chapel) - A locality with a highly diversified mixture of Slovak original oaks}, author = {J Požgaj and F Mercel and E Oravcová and R Požgaj and A Szabová and M Požgajová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Pozgaj.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {52-60}, abstract = {We studied the unique oak grove in the locality Pribeta Grove (Pribeta-Calvary, or Pribeta-Chapel), consisting of a number of Middle European oak species. The trees have a high variability, with the basic section Dascia Ky. and considerable impact of the section Roburoides Schwz. The oldest exemplars are 500 years in age. Similar mixtures of oak trees in Slovakia are very rare, therefore the importance of the locality is indisputable and the call for protection is well reasoned.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the unique oak grove in the locality Pribeta Grove (Pribeta-Calvary, or Pribeta-Chapel), consisting of a number of Middle European oak species. The trees have a high variability, with the basic section Dascia Ky. and considerable impact of the section Roburoides Schwz. The oldest exemplars are 500 years in age. Similar mixtures of oak trees in Slovakia are very rare, therefore the importance of the locality is indisputable and the call for protection is well reasoned. |
Tokár, F Results of ecological research on European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 66-72, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Tokár200766, title = {Results of ecological research on European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce}, author = {F Tokár}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Tokar.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {66-72}, abstract = {The Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce was established in 1965-1970 on an area of 14.38 hectares of a former agricultural land. It is situated in a uniform ecological environment, providing suitable conditions for a thorough ecological-production research (evaluation of growth and production, phytotechnology, health condition, morphological and genetic stability) in different stand types (pure and mixed stands) and 86 seed progenies from 12 Slovak localities. Today it represents a valuable source of gene pool of the European chestnut. In this contribution we present ecological characteristics of the Castanetarium and recent scientific findings obtained when studying the subject.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce was established in 1965-1970 on an area of 14.38 hectares of a former agricultural land. It is situated in a uniform ecological environment, providing suitable conditions for a thorough ecological-production research (evaluation of growth and production, phytotechnology, health condition, morphological and genetic stability) in different stand types (pure and mixed stands) and 86 seed progenies from 12 Slovak localities. Today it represents a valuable source of gene pool of the European chestnut. In this contribution we present ecological characteristics of the Castanetarium and recent scientific findings obtained when studying the subject. |
Szombathová, N; Noskovič, J; Babošová, M Selected chemical properties of soil in the Nature Reserve Žitavský wetland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 34 (1), pp. 61-65, 2007, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Szombathová200761, title = {Selected chemical properties of soil in the Nature Reserve Žitavský wetland}, author = {N Szombathová and J Noskovič and M Babošová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_34_1_Szombatova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {61-65}, abstract = {We described and compared selected chemical properties of soils near Nature Reserve Žitavský wetland (Mollic Fluvisols and Eutric Fluvisols) and soil from artificial water reservoir Žitavský wetland (Histi-Umbric Gleysols). On the base of results of sorption properties, soil reaction and carbonates content and also character the surrounding relief and position of Žitavský wetland we can conclude, that alluvial soil forming substrate of Mollic Fluvisols was partially layered by carbonate loess eroded from near gentle slope. As in Mollic Fluvisols and Eutric Fluvisols profile the total organic carbon (CT) content decreased gradually (from 19.10 g kg-1 to 4.11 g kg-1; and from 17.05 g kg-1 to 7.26 g kg-1 respectively), the dynamics of C T content in Histi-Umbric Gleysols profile was different. In Ao horizon of Histi-Umbric Gleysols was found very high CT content (72.54 g kg-1), which gradually decreased till depth of 0.6 m (Gr horizon), where was reached second maximum of CT content. Probably in this depth begins humus horizon of buried original Mollic Fluvisols. This assumption was confirmed by humus quality, which sharply increased just in Gr horizon (humic to fulvic acids ratio increased from 0.86 to 2.15, and colour quotient of humus substances declined from 6.26 to 4.05). Other chemical properties of Histi-Umbric Gleysols were also changed in Gr horizon.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We described and compared selected chemical properties of soils near Nature Reserve Žitavský wetland (Mollic Fluvisols and Eutric Fluvisols) and soil from artificial water reservoir Žitavský wetland (Histi-Umbric Gleysols). On the base of results of sorption properties, soil reaction and carbonates content and also character the surrounding relief and position of Žitavský wetland we can conclude, that alluvial soil forming substrate of Mollic Fluvisols was partially layered by carbonate loess eroded from near gentle slope. As in Mollic Fluvisols and Eutric Fluvisols profile the total organic carbon (CT) content decreased gradually (from 19.10 g kg-1 to 4.11 g kg-1; and from 17.05 g kg-1 to 7.26 g kg-1 respectively), the dynamics of C T content in Histi-Umbric Gleysols profile was different. In Ao horizon of Histi-Umbric Gleysols was found very high CT content (72.54 g kg-1), which gradually decreased till depth of 0.6 m (Gr horizon), where was reached second maximum of CT content. Probably in this depth begins humus horizon of buried original Mollic Fluvisols. This assumption was confirmed by humus quality, which sharply increased just in Gr horizon (humic to fulvic acids ratio increased from 0.86 to 2.15, and colour quotient of humus substances declined from 6.26 to 4.05). Other chemical properties of Histi-Umbric Gleysols were also changed in Gr horizon. |
➤ Volume 33(2) 2006
Dubová, M; Kundrík, F Changes in water chemistry after flowing from the spring Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 84-93, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Dubová200684, title = {Changes in water chemistry after flowing from the spring}, author = {M Dubová and F Kundrík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_dubova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {84-93}, abstract = {In this work we evaluate changes in chemical composition of water flowing out from its spring (I) and passing through a meadow ecosystem (II-VI). There are the quantitative changes in chemistry of water flowing from sampling sites (I) to (VI): potassium (68.5%), calcium (31%), magnesium (19%), sodium (16%), nitrogen (15%), electric conductivity (24%) and dissolved substances (5.2%) decrease. In opposite, sulphur (25.6%) and pH value (6.6%) increase. We study the influence of this water flow on the given ecosystem and compare the examined water with surface water in streams passing several other sites with similar geological substrate. Values of indicators in the studied samples confirm the nature of surface water. Calcium is the most abundant alkaline nutrient component (7.47 mg l-1), followed by magnesium (3.63 mg l -1) and potassium (1.92 mg l-1). From airborne pollutants, there are present sulphates 31.46 mg l-1, nitrates 10.07 mg l -1 and ammonium ions 0.03 mg l-1. The pH value (water reaction) is 6.73, electric conductivity is 131.2 μS cm-1. The amount of dissolved substances is 128.3 mg l-1, from which 50.4% are inorganic and 49.6% are organic. The value of sodium concentration is 6.05 mg l-1. All the indicators, with exception of nitrates ranking the water to the II-nd quality class (clear water), classify it to the first quality class (very clear water). No significant differences were found comparing the examined water with water in other surface streams in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Pol'ana Mts and in the Kremnické vrchy Mts. The changes in water chemistry indicate a favourable influence on the meadow ecosystem - its stability or also the soil cover.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work we evaluate changes in chemical composition of water flowing out from its spring (I) and passing through a meadow ecosystem (II-VI). There are the quantitative changes in chemistry of water flowing from sampling sites (I) to (VI): potassium (68.5%), calcium (31%), magnesium (19%), sodium (16%), nitrogen (15%), electric conductivity (24%) and dissolved substances (5.2%) decrease. In opposite, sulphur (25.6%) and pH value (6.6%) increase. We study the influence of this water flow on the given ecosystem and compare the examined water with surface water in streams passing several other sites with similar geological substrate. Values of indicators in the studied samples confirm the nature of surface water. Calcium is the most abundant alkaline nutrient component (7.47 mg l-1), followed by magnesium (3.63 mg l -1) and potassium (1.92 mg l-1). From airborne pollutants, there are present sulphates 31.46 mg l-1, nitrates 10.07 mg l -1 and ammonium ions 0.03 mg l-1. The pH value (water reaction) is 6.73, electric conductivity is 131.2 μS cm-1. The amount of dissolved substances is 128.3 mg l-1, from which 50.4% are inorganic and 49.6% are organic. The value of sodium concentration is 6.05 mg l-1. All the indicators, with exception of nitrates ranking the water to the II-nd quality class (clear water), classify it to the first quality class (very clear water). No significant differences were found comparing the examined water with water in other surface streams in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Pol'ana Mts and in the Kremnické vrchy Mts. The changes in water chemistry indicate a favourable influence on the meadow ecosystem - its stability or also the soil cover. |
Konôpková, J Contents of bioelements and energy equivalent in assimilatory organs of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 94-101, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Konôpková200694, title = {Contents of bioelements and energy equivalent in assimilatory organs of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)}, author = {J Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_konopkova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {94-101}, abstract = {The work evaluates the content of selected bioelements (Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) and energy amount in the assimilatory organs of various stand types of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). In assimilatory organs of the European chestnut were determined optimum contents of Ca, Mg, P and Zn. The content of Na, Fe and Cu was found slightly increased and Mn was high. Content of K was lower. Analysis of variance identified statistically very significant differences among all the analysed bioelements across several years and in various stand types. Energy values in leaves of European chestnut varied from 18.193 to 19.837 kJ g-1. There were found high significant differences in energy contents among the stand types.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The work evaluates the content of selected bioelements (Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) and energy amount in the assimilatory organs of various stand types of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). In assimilatory organs of the European chestnut were determined optimum contents of Ca, Mg, P and Zn. The content of Na, Fe and Cu was found slightly increased and Mn was high. Content of K was lower. Analysis of variance identified statistically very significant differences among all the analysed bioelements across several years and in various stand types. Energy values in leaves of European chestnut varied from 18.193 to 19.837 kJ g-1. There were found high significant differences in energy contents among the stand types. |
Saniga, M Home range sizes and roosting places in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) cocks living solitary in the West Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 121-128, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Saniga2006121, title = {Home range sizes and roosting places in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) cocks living solitary in the West Carpathians}, author = {M Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_saniga.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, abstract = {From 1988-2005, home range sizes and roosting places in capercaillie cocks leaving solitary were studied in the mountains of central Slovakia (Vel'ká Fatra Mts., Malá Fatra Mts., Kremnické vrchy Mts., Starohorské vrchy Mts., and Nízke Tatry Mts., West Carpathians, 18°50'-19°10'E; 48°47'-49°19'N). Home range sizes in males living solitary were largest in summer (82 ha) and smallest during the display period (only 34 ha). Capercaillie males roosted during day prevailingly on the ground all year long (maximally in spring - 96%). Most roosting sites were located at the base of the tree trunks underneath the low branches (77%), then near wind-falls or stumps (9%) and rock boulders (5%). Capercaillie males roosted during night almost exclusively on trees. Only when conditions for snow-roosting were good (sufficient amount of powder snow) and temperature dropped below -15°C, capercaillies also roosted in snow burrows (13% during winter and 3% in autumn).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } From 1988-2005, home range sizes and roosting places in capercaillie cocks leaving solitary were studied in the mountains of central Slovakia (Vel'ká Fatra Mts., Malá Fatra Mts., Kremnické vrchy Mts., Starohorské vrchy Mts., and Nízke Tatry Mts., West Carpathians, 18°50'-19°10'E; 48°47'-49°19'N). Home range sizes in males living solitary were largest in summer (82 ha) and smallest during the display period (only 34 ha). Capercaillie males roosted during day prevailingly on the ground all year long (maximally in spring - 96%). Most roosting sites were located at the base of the tree trunks underneath the low branches (77%), then near wind-falls or stumps (9%) and rock boulders (5%). Capercaillie males roosted during night almost exclusively on trees. Only when conditions for snow-roosting were good (sufficient amount of powder snow) and temperature dropped below -15°C, capercaillies also roosted in snow burrows (13% during winter and 3% in autumn). |
Termena, B; Batsura, H; Kotsyuban, I Introduction of species of the Juglans genus in the West of Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 133-136, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Termena2006133, title = {Introduction of species of the Juglans genus in the West of Ukraine}, author = {B Termena and H Batsura and I Kotsyuban}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_termenapdf.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {133-136}, abstract = {This article is dealing with occurrence of species of the genus Juglans L. in 36 woodland subjects in the Western Ukraine: old parks, arboretums, forests and artificial plantations. We evaluate the tree age, growth (height, d 1,3 diameter), abundance (tree number), fecundity and germination capacity. The most frequently cultivated species is Juglans nigra L. (21 subjects), the most rare are Juglans cordiformis Maxim, and Juglans manshurica Maxim. (in 3 subjects each). The cultivated Juglans trees are the most abundant in the Precarpathian region Opollya (24 subjects).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article is dealing with occurrence of species of the genus Juglans L. in 36 woodland subjects in the Western Ukraine: old parks, arboretums, forests and artificial plantations. We evaluate the tree age, growth (height, d 1,3 diameter), abundance (tree number), fecundity and germination capacity. The most frequently cultivated species is Juglans nigra L. (21 subjects), the most rare are Juglans cordiformis Maxim, and Juglans manshurica Maxim. (in 3 subjects each). The cultivated Juglans trees are the most abundant in the Precarpathian region Opollya (24 subjects). |
Tarcali, G; Radócz, L Occurrence of fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr on oak trees in the Carpathian-basin Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 129-132, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Tarcali2006129, title = {Occurrence of fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr on oak trees in the Carpathian-basin}, author = {G Tarcali and L Radócz}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_tarcali.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {129-132}, abstract = {"Chestnut blight" caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr is the most important disease of Castanea spp. in Europe. In the 20-th century, this serious disease caused serious damage to chestnut populations throughout the world, including the Carpathian-basin. Towards the end of the last century, typical blight symptoms were observed on oak trees in several other European countries as well, and the fungus was also detected on some young Quercus petrea trees in Hungary. We studied the manifestation of C. parasitica on oaks, in several regions across the Carpathian-basin. Our examinations confirmed that the blight fungus has infected several oak trees in Romania and in Hungary, and potentially it could be a serious disease agent for the oak species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } "Chestnut blight" caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr is the most important disease of Castanea spp. in Europe. In the 20-th century, this serious disease caused serious damage to chestnut populations throughout the world, including the Carpathian-basin. Towards the end of the last century, typical blight symptoms were observed on oak trees in several other European countries as well, and the fungus was also detected on some young Quercus petrea trees in Hungary. We studied the manifestation of C. parasitica on oaks, in several regions across the Carpathian-basin. Our examinations confirmed that the blight fungus has infected several oak trees in Romania and in Hungary, and potentially it could be a serious disease agent for the oak species. |
Ditmarová, L; Kmet', J; Gömöry, D; Střelcová, K Physiological state of spruce plants (Picea abies Karst. L.) in a vessel experiment conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 77-83, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Ditmarová200677, title = {Physiological state of spruce plants (Picea abies Karst. L.) in a vessel experiment conditions}, author = {L Ditmarová and J Kmet' and D Gömöry and K Střelcová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_istvan.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {77-83}, abstract = {In this paper we are facing the issue of multiple dieback of spruce stands in the region of Horný Spiš. The range of detrimental factors in this area is considerable, and the identification of causal agents of damage to the stands is intricate. We summarise the results of an ecophysiological research pursued in 2004, focussing on evaluation of physiological state of spruce seedlings grown in a vessel experiment consisting of six variants. The primary aim of the experiment was to study the influence of soil properties on health state of the plants. We have evaluated the measured values of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, concentrations of assimilatory pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids in mg g-1 of dry matter), and analysed the influence of selected factors on the studied parameters.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper we are facing the issue of multiple dieback of spruce stands in the region of Horný Spiš. The range of detrimental factors in this area is considerable, and the identification of causal agents of damage to the stands is intricate. We summarise the results of an ecophysiological research pursued in 2004, focussing on evaluation of physiological state of spruce seedlings grown in a vessel experiment consisting of six variants. The primary aim of the experiment was to study the influence of soil properties on health state of the plants. We have evaluated the measured values of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, concentrations of assimilatory pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids in mg g-1 of dry matter), and analysed the influence of selected factors on the studied parameters. |
Kuklová, M; Kukla, J Phytoparameters and content of risk elements in Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray populations Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 102-107, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Kuklová2006102, title = {Phytoparameters and content of risk elements in Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray populations}, author = {M Kuklová and J Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_kuklova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {102-107}, abstract = {The research plots were established in damaged - by pollutants, fungi and bark beetle, and parallel damaged (control) spruce geobiocoenoses pertaining to company Forest of Spišská Nová Ves city Ltd. (locality Muráň - 1,100 m asl, group of forest types Fageta abietino-piceosa, Skeli-Humic Podzol; locality Hliníky - 950 m asl, group of forest types Abieti-Fageta inferiora, very acid Dystric Cambisol). The higher mean shoot length, weight and energy content were found in populations of Dryopteris dilatata species growing on locality Hliníky and in damaged spruce stand on locality Muráň. On the other hand the higher ash content was in shoots sampled on non-damaged plots. Content of risk elements ranged in following intervals (mg kg-1 of dry matter): Al (88.3-225.0), Pb (2.184-3.340), Ni (0.873-1379), Cr (<0.050-0.220), Cd (0.571-1.918), Hg (0.0312-O.0423). Limit value Hg (0.02 mg kg-1) was exceeded on all studied plots, while the normal value of Al (about 200 mg kg-1) only in case of population growing in damaged stand on locality Hliníky.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The research plots were established in damaged - by pollutants, fungi and bark beetle, and parallel damaged (control) spruce geobiocoenoses pertaining to company Forest of Spišská Nová Ves city Ltd. (locality Muráň - 1,100 m asl, group of forest types Fageta abietino-piceosa, Skeli-Humic Podzol; locality Hliníky - 950 m asl, group of forest types Abieti-Fageta inferiora, very acid Dystric Cambisol). The higher mean shoot length, weight and energy content were found in populations of Dryopteris dilatata species growing on locality Hliníky and in damaged spruce stand on locality Muráň. On the other hand the higher ash content was in shoots sampled on non-damaged plots. Content of risk elements ranged in following intervals (mg kg-1 of dry matter): Al (88.3-225.0), Pb (2.184-3.340), Ni (0.873-1379), Cr (<0.050-0.220), Cd (0.571-1.918), Hg (0.0312-O.0423). Limit value Hg (0.02 mg kg-1) was exceeded on all studied plots, while the normal value of Al (about 200 mg kg-1) only in case of population growing in damaged stand on locality Hliníky. |
Ollerová, H Plant communities on oil-contaminated ruderal sites in the Lopejská basin, district Brezno Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (2), pp. 108-120, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Ollerová2006108, title = {Plant communities on oil-contaminated ruderal sites in the Lopejská basin, district Brezno}, author = {H Ollerová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_2_ollerova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {108-120}, abstract = {The paper deals with three plant communities with mono-dominance of the species Carex hirta, Melilotus albus and Calamagrostis epigejos, occurring within a territory affected by activity of an oil-processing plant, situated in the geomorphological unit Lopejská kotlina basin, in district Brezno. We describe their species composition, ecological conditions and taxonomic characteristics in relation to soil contents of non-polar extractable substances (NE) in localities loaded by hazardous waste material - acid oil residue. All the examined plant communities are developed under influence of oil substances in soil. In most cases, concentrations of non-polar extractable substances considerably exceed the maximum allowable limit - 500 mg kg-1. In sites with dominance of Carex hirta species, the concentrations of oil substances range from 5,517.6 to 8,090.1 mg kg-1. The plant community with dominance of Melilotus albus species is less influenced by waste materials in case of locality Predajná I. Much higher concentrations were found in locality No. 3 inside the oil processing plant area (2,125.5-3,822.5 mg kg -1). The similar results were obtained for the community with dominance of species Calamagrostis epigejos. The highest content of oil substances in soil made 6,992.6 mg kg-1. The NE concentrations in soil are so high, that the species Carex hirta, Melilotus albus and Calamagrostis epigejos can be considered as very resistant to pollution by oil substances.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper deals with three plant communities with mono-dominance of the species Carex hirta, Melilotus albus and Calamagrostis epigejos, occurring within a territory affected by activity of an oil-processing plant, situated in the geomorphological unit Lopejská kotlina basin, in district Brezno. We describe their species composition, ecological conditions and taxonomic characteristics in relation to soil contents of non-polar extractable substances (NE) in localities loaded by hazardous waste material - acid oil residue. All the examined plant communities are developed under influence of oil substances in soil. In most cases, concentrations of non-polar extractable substances considerably exceed the maximum allowable limit - 500 mg kg-1. In sites with dominance of Carex hirta species, the concentrations of oil substances range from 5,517.6 to 8,090.1 mg kg-1. The plant community with dominance of Melilotus albus species is less influenced by waste materials in case of locality Predajná I. Much higher concentrations were found in locality No. 3 inside the oil processing plant area (2,125.5-3,822.5 mg kg -1). The similar results were obtained for the community with dominance of species Calamagrostis epigejos. The highest content of oil substances in soil made 6,992.6 mg kg-1. The NE concentrations in soil are so high, that the species Carex hirta, Melilotus albus and Calamagrostis epigejos can be considered as very resistant to pollution by oil substances. |
➤ Volume 33(1) 2006
Tokár, F Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 48-56, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Tokár200648, title = {Leaf area index (LAI), climatic conditions and aboveground biomass production in stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)}, author = {F Tokár}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_tokar.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {48-56}, abstract = {In this paper we present evaluation of development of leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass production in connection to climatic contitions in the stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) growing on the PRP series in Ivanka pri Nitre (Forestry administration Nitra, Forest enterprise Palárikovo). Over the whole developmental cycle, the highest LAI values were observed in the mixed stand consisting of black walnut and small-leaved linden. As for the aboveground biomass production, the best results were obtained in red oak monoculture, and at advanced age also in mixed stand of red oak and black walnut not subjected to tending (control PRP). In connection to climatic conditions, the highest values of mean periodical increment per leaf unit area (g dm-2 year-1) were reached in 1994-1998 and in 1999-2003, in all types of the stands. The absolute maximum (42.90 g dm-2 year-1l) was reached in 1994-1998 in the improved mixed stand of red oak (20%) and black walnut (80%).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper we present evaluation of development of leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass production in connection to climatic contitions in the stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) growing on the PRP series in Ivanka pri Nitre (Forestry administration Nitra, Forest enterprise Palárikovo). Over the whole developmental cycle, the highest LAI values were observed in the mixed stand consisting of black walnut and small-leaved linden. As for the aboveground biomass production, the best results were obtained in red oak monoculture, and at advanced age also in mixed stand of red oak and black walnut not subjected to tending (control PRP). In connection to climatic conditions, the highest values of mean periodical increment per leaf unit area (g dm-2 year-1) were reached in 1994-1998 and in 1999-2003, in all types of the stands. The absolute maximum (42.90 g dm-2 year-1l) was reached in 1994-1998 in the improved mixed stand of red oak (20%) and black walnut (80%). |
Beňačková, J; Noskovič, J Evaluation of concentrations of bivalent and univalent alkaline cations in water of the Nature Reserve Žitavský luh - Wetland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 1-9, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Jana20061, title = {Evaluation of concentrations of bivalent and univalent alkaline cations in water of the Nature Reserve Žitavský luh - Wetland}, author = {J Beňačková and J Noskovič }, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_benackova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {We evaluated concentrations of bivalent and univalent alkaline cations in the water of the Nature Reserve (NR) Žitavský luh, wetland over the years 2003-2005. According to the results obtained, we can state that the amounts of alkaline cations in water of the wetland followed the ordering: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. The mean share of calcium on the total sum of alkaline cations for the whole monitored period was 52.03%, magnesium 21.02%, sodium 19.83% and potassium 7.13%. Over the whole monitoring period, the ratio of Ca2+/Mg 2+ was 2.48/1 and the ratio of Na+/K+ was 2.78/1. Over the whole monitoring period, there have not been discerned any trends in seasonal dynamics in concentrations of the alkaline cations or their dependence on the sampling site. We calculated characteristic values of concentration of calcium and also magnesium, and compared these with the limit values given by STN 75 7221 "Classification of the water surface quality". The result was classification of water in all the sampling sites as belonging to the 2nd class of water surface quality (clean water). As no sources of anthropogenic pollution with calcium and magnesium were present in the river basin of the Žitava River, we can conclude that their presence in the wetland water is of natural origin - resulting from the nature of the parent rock in the monitoring area, mostly consisting of calcium loess and from soil genealogy - controlled by presence of basic cations in the surrounding soils.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We evaluated concentrations of bivalent and univalent alkaline cations in the water of the Nature Reserve (NR) Žitavský luh, wetland over the years 2003-2005. According to the results obtained, we can state that the amounts of alkaline cations in water of the wetland followed the ordering: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. The mean share of calcium on the total sum of alkaline cations for the whole monitored period was 52.03%, magnesium 21.02%, sodium 19.83% and potassium 7.13%. Over the whole monitoring period, the ratio of Ca2+/Mg 2+ was 2.48/1 and the ratio of Na+/K+ was 2.78/1. Over the whole monitoring period, there have not been discerned any trends in seasonal dynamics in concentrations of the alkaline cations or their dependence on the sampling site. We calculated characteristic values of concentration of calcium and also magnesium, and compared these with the limit values given by STN 75 7221 "Classification of the water surface quality". The result was classification of water in all the sampling sites as belonging to the 2nd class of water surface quality (clean water). As no sources of anthropogenic pollution with calcium and magnesium were present in the river basin of the Žitava River, we can conclude that their presence in the wetland water is of natural origin - resulting from the nature of the parent rock in the monitoring area, mostly consisting of calcium loess and from soil genealogy - controlled by presence of basic cations in the surrounding soils. |
Ivanová, H; Bernadovičová, S Leaf spot disease on lindens caused by the fungi Cercospora microsora Sacc. and Gloeosporium tiliae Oudem Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 27-36, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Ivanová200627b, title = {Leaf spot disease on lindens caused by the fungi Cercospora microsora Sacc. and Gloeosporium tiliae Oudem}, author = {H Ivanová and S Bernadovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_ivanova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {27-36}, abstract = {Certain of the growth characteristics of Cercospora microsora Sacc. and Gloeosporium tiliae Oudem. - causal agents of leaf spot diseases on lindens (Tilia cordata Mill.) in urban plantings in Slovakia were studied under laboratory conditions. Myceliar growth of C. microsora and G. tiliae was observed in pure hyphal cultures in relation to the medium and locality. In Cercospora study, one-way ANOVA has generally confirmed a statistically significant influence of both factors, medium and locality on growth rate of C. microsora, but in the case of the locality Nitra, the significant influence of the used media has not proved (p > 0.05). PDAg was generally shown as a medium inducing the most intensive growth in both localities (43.04 mm/4 days on average). Comparing the two localities, growth rate values from the locality Bratislava indicate unsuitability of water agar as a medium for the fast growth in culture. In Gloeosporium study, one-way ANOVA confirmed a significant influence of the factor medium as well as the locality on growth rate of G. tiliae. Influence of the used media was proven more markedly. Malt agar induced the most intensive growth in both localities (46.05 mm/4 days on average). Comparing the two localities, the samples from the locality Nitra showed in average the highest values of the growth rate. A Tukey test (ANOVA) separately conducted for the factors medium and the locality for both investigated fungal species, revealed the significant combinations of means (p ≤ 0.05).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Certain of the growth characteristics of Cercospora microsora Sacc. and Gloeosporium tiliae Oudem. - causal agents of leaf spot diseases on lindens (Tilia cordata Mill.) in urban plantings in Slovakia were studied under laboratory conditions. Myceliar growth of C. microsora and G. tiliae was observed in pure hyphal cultures in relation to the medium and locality. In Cercospora study, one-way ANOVA has generally confirmed a statistically significant influence of both factors, medium and locality on growth rate of C. microsora, but in the case of the locality Nitra, the significant influence of the used media has not proved (p > 0.05). PDAg was generally shown as a medium inducing the most intensive growth in both localities (43.04 mm/4 days on average). Comparing the two localities, growth rate values from the locality Bratislava indicate unsuitability of water agar as a medium for the fast growth in culture. In Gloeosporium study, one-way ANOVA confirmed a significant influence of the factor medium as well as the locality on growth rate of G. tiliae. Influence of the used media was proven more markedly. Malt agar induced the most intensive growth in both localities (46.05 mm/4 days on average). Comparing the two localities, the samples from the locality Nitra showed in average the highest values of the growth rate. A Tukey test (ANOVA) separately conducted for the factors medium and the locality for both investigated fungal species, revealed the significant combinations of means (p ≤ 0.05). |
Dávid, I Occurrence of Puccinia xanthii Schw. on cockleburs in Hungary Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 10-12, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Dávid200610, title = {Occurrence of Puccinia xanthii Schw. on cockleburs in Hungary}, author = {I Dávid}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_istvan.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {10-12}, abstract = {Puccinia xanthii Schw., a widespread rust on cocklebur species, is possible be used as a biological agent in control of these weeds. There have been, however, some reports about certain hybrids of sunflower infected with this rust from several parts of the world. This rust was observed for the first time on the Italian cocklebur in Hungary in 2002. Since then, infections of cockleburs occurred yearly in advanced growing season. P. xanthii has not yet infected any of 15 hybrids of sunflower grown in Hungary, either in a field experiment or in the greenhouse. Ambrosia artemisiifolia grown together with infected cockleburs have not developed symptoms of presence of P. xanthii under field conditions since the first occurrence of the rust in Hungary. Although the rust can infect cockleburs even at their cotyledonous stage, natural infections start in the second part of the growing season, so the role of P. xanthii seems to be without significance in biological control of cockiebur species in Hungary at present.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Puccinia xanthii Schw., a widespread rust on cocklebur species, is possible be used as a biological agent in control of these weeds. There have been, however, some reports about certain hybrids of sunflower infected with this rust from several parts of the world. This rust was observed for the first time on the Italian cocklebur in Hungary in 2002. Since then, infections of cockleburs occurred yearly in advanced growing season. P. xanthii has not yet infected any of 15 hybrids of sunflower grown in Hungary, either in a field experiment or in the greenhouse. Ambrosia artemisiifolia grown together with infected cockleburs have not developed symptoms of presence of P. xanthii under field conditions since the first occurrence of the rust in Hungary. Although the rust can infect cockleburs even at their cotyledonous stage, natural infections start in the second part of the growing season, so the role of P. xanthii seems to be without significance in biological control of cockiebur species in Hungary at present. |
Sásik, R; Jr., Eliáš P Rhizome regeneration of Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. I. Regeneration rate and size of regenerated plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 57-63, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Sásik200657, title = {Rhizome regeneration of Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. I. Regeneration rate and size of regenerated plants}, author = {R Sásik and P Eliáš Jr.}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_sasik.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {57-63}, abstract = {Japanese knotweed, Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. comes from submeriodional and oceanic areas of Eastern Asia. The material for our research was sampled from a Japanese knotweed stand situated on a SW oriented slope by a main road, under a line of family houses in construction. The part of the stand adjacent to the road was regularly mown by the Technical Services of the Banská Štiavnica town. The stand was 5 x 3 m in size. The experiment was running over two growing seasons: 2002 and 2003. The study material consisted of 30 rhizome segments with three different lengths (2 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm). The plants had been regenerated in the following proportions: 90% exemplars of 8 cm segments, 63% of 5 cm segments and 60% of 2 cm resulted in new plants towards the end of experiment No 1. Experiment No. 2 gave rather different results: by 70% regenerated exemplars in case of 8 cm and 2 cm segments, 67% in case of 5 cm segments. The reasons of these differences are explained in the discussion. The growth dynamics and final size of the regenerated plants were dependent on the segment length.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Japanese knotweed, Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. comes from submeriodional and oceanic areas of Eastern Asia. The material for our research was sampled from a Japanese knotweed stand situated on a SW oriented slope by a main road, under a line of family houses in construction. The part of the stand adjacent to the road was regularly mown by the Technical Services of the Banská Štiavnica town. The stand was 5 x 3 m in size. The experiment was running over two growing seasons: 2002 and 2003. The study material consisted of 30 rhizome segments with three different lengths (2 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm). The plants had been regenerated in the following proportions: 90% exemplars of 8 cm segments, 63% of 5 cm segments and 60% of 2 cm resulted in new plants towards the end of experiment No 1. Experiment No. 2 gave rather different results: by 70% regenerated exemplars in case of 8 cm and 2 cm segments, 67% in case of 5 cm segments. The reasons of these differences are explained in the discussion. The growth dynamics and final size of the regenerated plants were dependent on the segment length. |
Halamová, M; Saniga, M Structure, production and regeneration processes in the primeval oak forest in the National Nature Reserve Boky Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 13-26, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Halamová200613, title = {Structure, production and regeneration processes in the primeval oak forest in the National Nature Reserve Boky}, author = {M Halamová and M Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_halamova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {13-26}, abstract = {The National Nature Reserve Boky near Budča (district Zvolen) is an extraordinarily precious and important object of studies, equally from the viewpoint of natural sciences as well as for nature protection. The aim of this study was to examine the structure, production and regeneration abilities of the primeval mixed deciduous forest at the site in 2004 and to compare the actual values with the corresponding values obtained in 1994. We focussed our investigation on the forest type Corneto-Quercetum. In the examined biocoenosis, Quercus pubescens is not present, it is substituted by its ecological equivalent Quercus cerris, growing here at the northen boundary of its distribution range. We measured selected dendrometrical biometrical variables on the trees (thicker than 2 cm) on three permanent research plots established in the Reserve. The evaluation revealed that there is a rather high variability in the total number of trees and timber volume, (in 1994 the number of trees in separate stages ranged between 747 and 924, and in 2004 between 614 and 1,000 per ha). Quercus petraea was the most abundant species in all permanent research plots (PRP). In case of large timber (stemwood), the share of winter oak ranged between 4%-71% and between 35%-65% in 1994 and in 2004, respectively and the share of Quercus cerris between 16% and 27% and between 13% and 24%. The diameter interval was found the widest for the advanced phase of disintegration stage turning into the initial phase of ingrowth stage on PRP 3. The smallest variation interval was obtained for PRP 1 - the optimum stage. According to the volume of large timber, the average standing volume ranged between 340-470 m3 and between 322-330 m3 per ha in 1994 and in 2004, respectively. Tree regeneration processes running in this primeval forest are different, on the background of differences in their ecological tolerance to light corresponding to the individual developmental stages. The best conditions for growth of Quercus cerris and Quercus petraea seedlings were observed till the end of the optimum stage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The National Nature Reserve Boky near Budča (district Zvolen) is an extraordinarily precious and important object of studies, equally from the viewpoint of natural sciences as well as for nature protection. The aim of this study was to examine the structure, production and regeneration abilities of the primeval mixed deciduous forest at the site in 2004 and to compare the actual values with the corresponding values obtained in 1994. We focussed our investigation on the forest type Corneto-Quercetum. In the examined biocoenosis, Quercus pubescens is not present, it is substituted by its ecological equivalent Quercus cerris, growing here at the northen boundary of its distribution range. We measured selected dendrometrical biometrical variables on the trees (thicker than 2 cm) on three permanent research plots established in the Reserve. The evaluation revealed that there is a rather high variability in the total number of trees and timber volume, (in 1994 the number of trees in separate stages ranged between 747 and 924, and in 2004 between 614 and 1,000 per ha). Quercus petraea was the most abundant species in all permanent research plots (PRP). In case of large timber (stemwood), the share of winter oak ranged between 4%-71% and between 35%-65% in 1994 and in 2004, respectively and the share of Quercus cerris between 16% and 27% and between 13% and 24%. The diameter interval was found the widest for the advanced phase of disintegration stage turning into the initial phase of ingrowth stage on PRP 3. The smallest variation interval was obtained for PRP 1 - the optimum stage. According to the volume of large timber, the average standing volume ranged between 340-470 m3 and between 322-330 m3 per ha in 1994 and in 2004, respectively. Tree regeneration processes running in this primeval forest are different, on the background of differences in their ecological tolerance to light corresponding to the individual developmental stages. The best conditions for growth of Quercus cerris and Quercus petraea seedlings were observed till the end of the optimum stage. |
Juhásová, G; Kobza, M; Adamčíková, K; Maxim, L; Radócz, L The first record of Cryphonectria parasitica in the East Slovakia subregion Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 37-40, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Juhásová200637, title = {The first record of Cryphonectria parasitica in the East Slovakia subregion}, author = {G Juhásová and M Kobza and K Adamčíková and L Maxim and L Radócz}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_juhasova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {37-40}, abstract = {This study is reporting about the first record of a subpopulation of the chestnut blight fungus in the East Slovakia. Occurrence of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica was found in the Petrovce village, district Sobrance. The fungus was successfully isolated from 11 samples. Based on the culture phenotype, all isolates were considered to be virulent. No hypovirulent strains were found. Each isolate was unambiguously assigned to a simple vc type. According to the European nomenclature, the vc type detected in Petrovce is EU 12. Hypovirulent isolates were prepared for biological control of chestnut blight in Petrovce.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study is reporting about the first record of a subpopulation of the chestnut blight fungus in the East Slovakia. Occurrence of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica was found in the Petrovce village, district Sobrance. The fungus was successfully isolated from 11 samples. Based on the culture phenotype, all isolates were considered to be virulent. No hypovirulent strains were found. Each isolate was unambiguously assigned to a simple vc type. According to the European nomenclature, the vc type detected in Petrovce is EU 12. Hypovirulent isolates were prepared for biological control of chestnut blight in Petrovce. |
Szombathová, N; Labudová, S; Labuda, R; Konôpková, J The influence of different vegetation on soil chemical properties in Arboretum Mlyňany Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 41-47, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Szombathová200641, title = {The influence of different vegetation on soil chemical properties in Arboretum Mlyňany}, author = {N Szombathová and S Labudová and R Labuda and J Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_szombatova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {41-47}, abstract = {Differences in some chemical properties of soil under oak Quercus cerris (L.), cherry laurel Prunus lauroerasus (L.), and yew Taxus baccata (L.) woody plants in Arboretum Mlynany were studied. Originally, oak-hornbeam forest was naturally present on studied area therefore soil under oak woods was taken as control variant. Obtained results showed, that changed type of vegetation distinctly influenced soil chemical characteristics. Studied profiles significantly (P = 0.01-0.05) differed in phosphorus and potassium contents, in pH H2O and hydrolytic acidity. Profiles differed highly significantly (P = 0.01-0.001) in percentage of hot water soluble (Chws) and oxidisable (CL) carbon of CT, sorption capacity and pH KCl values. The highest contents of potassium and phosphorus were found in A horizon under each studied woods. We suppose that mentioned macronutrients come from decomposed litter. Significantly (P < 0.001) the highest organic carbon content (CT) was found in A horizon under cherry laurel wood (C T = 26.51 g kg-1), under oak (CT = 22.63 g kg-1), and under yew wood it was 20.71 g kg-1. Type of vegetation influenced also humus quality. Low humus quality (ratio HA/FA) confirmed, that mainly under yew and oak was high amount of aggressive fulvic acids.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Differences in some chemical properties of soil under oak Quercus cerris (L.), cherry laurel Prunus lauroerasus (L.), and yew Taxus baccata (L.) woody plants in Arboretum Mlynany were studied. Originally, oak-hornbeam forest was naturally present on studied area therefore soil under oak woods was taken as control variant. Obtained results showed, that changed type of vegetation distinctly influenced soil chemical characteristics. Studied profiles significantly (P = 0.01-0.05) differed in phosphorus and potassium contents, in pH H2O and hydrolytic acidity. Profiles differed highly significantly (P = 0.01-0.001) in percentage of hot water soluble (Chws) and oxidisable (CL) carbon of CT, sorption capacity and pH KCl values. The highest contents of potassium and phosphorus were found in A horizon under each studied woods. We suppose that mentioned macronutrients come from decomposed litter. Significantly (P < 0.001) the highest organic carbon content (CT) was found in A horizon under cherry laurel wood (C T = 26.51 g kg-1), under oak (CT = 22.63 g kg-1), and under yew wood it was 20.71 g kg-1. Type of vegetation influenced also humus quality. Low humus quality (ratio HA/FA) confirmed, that mainly under yew and oak was high amount of aggressive fulvic acids. |
Feriancová, L; Štěpánková, R Woody plants and stands in the health-resort park Brusno, evaluated for quality and quantity Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 33 (1), pp. 64-70, 2006, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Feriancová200664, title = {Woody plants and stands in the health-resort park Brusno, evaluated for quality and quantity}, author = {L Feriancová and R Štěpánková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_33_1_feriancova.pdf}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {64-70}, abstract = {Health-resort parks are an important landscaping element, and, from the very beginning of the modern balneology, they have been embedded naturally into each watering place. The landscape design of the spa park Brusno is a close-to-nature one with minimum presence of regular planting. The park area is approximately 11.5 ha. We have inventoried in total 892 trees and shrubs, 2/3 domestic and 1/3 introduced. In both groups are dominant broadleaved woody plants. The inventory results show that the proposed sanitary cutting (148 woody plants in the park and 99 in the alder stand) is necessary for its successful development. We propose planting of new woody plants as substitution for the plants that do not fulfil their function any more, have not appropriate landscaping value and their presence in the stand is also a security risk. Because the stands mostly consist of domestic woody plants, and the National Nature Protection also requires preserving this character, we recommend to preserve it and, at the same time, to improve its attractiveness, by supplementary outplanting of exclusively domestic woody plants in appropriate shape, colour and growth forms.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Health-resort parks are an important landscaping element, and, from the very beginning of the modern balneology, they have been embedded naturally into each watering place. The landscape design of the spa park Brusno is a close-to-nature one with minimum presence of regular planting. The park area is approximately 11.5 ha. We have inventoried in total 892 trees and shrubs, 2/3 domestic and 1/3 introduced. In both groups are dominant broadleaved woody plants. The inventory results show that the proposed sanitary cutting (148 woody plants in the park and 99 in the alder stand) is necessary for its successful development. We propose planting of new woody plants as substitution for the plants that do not fulfil their function any more, have not appropriate landscaping value and their presence in the stand is also a security risk. Because the stands mostly consist of domestic woody plants, and the National Nature Protection also requires preserving this character, we recommend to preserve it and, at the same time, to improve its attractiveness, by supplementary outplanting of exclusively domestic woody plants in appropriate shape, colour and growth forms. |