CiteScore 2021: 2.0
SJR 2021: 0.260
SNIP 2021: 0.706
ISSN: 1336-5266 (Print)
ISSN: 1338-7014 (Online)
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Folia Oecologica
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➤ Volume 49(2) 2022
Diamantopoulou, Maria J Simulation of over-bark tree bole diameters, through the RFr (Random Forest Regression) algorithm Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 93–101, 2022. @article{Diamantopoulou2022, title = {Simulation of over-bark tree bole diameters, through the RFr (Random Forest Regression) algorithm}, author = {Maria J. Diamantopoulou}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0010}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {93–101}, abstract = {The difficulty of locating and measuring the over-bark tree bole diameters at heights that are far from the ground, is a serious problem in ground-truth data measurements in the field. This problem could be addressed through the application of intelligent systems methods. The paper explores the possibility of applying the Random Forest regression method (RFr) in order to assess, as accurately as possible, the size of the tree bole diameters at any height above the ground, considering data that can be easily measured in the field. For this purpose, diameter measurements of pine trees (Pinus brutia Ten.) from the Seich–Sou urban forest of Thessaloniki, Greece, were used. The effectiveness of the Random Forest regression technique is compared with the results of non-linear regression models that fitted to the available data and evaluated. This research has shown that the RFr method can be a reliable alternative methodology in order to receive accurate information provided by the model, saving time and effort in field.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The difficulty of locating and measuring the over-bark tree bole diameters at heights that are far from the ground, is a serious problem in ground-truth data measurements in the field. This problem could be addressed through the application of intelligent systems methods. The paper explores the possibility of applying the Random Forest regression method (RFr) in order to assess, as accurately as possible, the size of the tree bole diameters at any height above the ground, considering data that can be easily measured in the field. For this purpose, diameter measurements of pine trees (Pinus brutia Ten.) from the Seich–Sou urban forest of Thessaloniki, Greece, were used. The effectiveness of the Random Forest regression technique is compared with the results of non-linear regression models that fitted to the available data and evaluated. This research has shown that the RFr method can be a reliable alternative methodology in order to receive accurate information provided by the model, saving time and effort in field. |
Petrakis, Panos V; Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Fassouli, Vassilia P; Solomou, Alexandra D Preliminary results of European budworm Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) impact on Greek fir radial growth at Mts Parnassus and Giona Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 102–109, 2022. @article{Petrakis2022, title = {Preliminary results of European budworm \textit{Choristoneura murinana} (Hubner) impact on Greek fir radial growth at Mts Parnassus and Giona}, author = {Panos V. Petrakis and Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Vassilia P. Fassouli and Alexandra D. Solomou}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0011}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {102–109}, abstract = {During the spring of 2020, Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) otherwise European Fir Budworm (EFB) was recorded on Abies cephalonica near the villages of Kaloskopi and Agoriani in Central Greece at the mountains Giona and Parnassus respectively. To our knowledge, the occurrence of the particular pest on the specific mountains has not been described yet. We found that EFB mostly prefers Abies cephalonica and less Juniperus oxycedrous in sunny areas and/or near the country roads. Across the study area, local severe infestations of scale 2, 3 and 5, were observed. In many cases the infestation was observed in adult fir individuals. Defoliations and severe outbreaks, which are presumably incurred by EFB were also observed by local people (beekeepers, foresters, herb collectors) in the past. Our laboratories field measurements and the analysis of the Singular Spectrum analysis trendlines revealed growth decline, not connected with climatic parameters but probably associated with observed defoliations by the EFB.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the spring of 2020, Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) otherwise European Fir Budworm (EFB) was recorded on Abies cephalonica near the villages of Kaloskopi and Agoriani in Central Greece at the mountains Giona and Parnassus respectively. To our knowledge, the occurrence of the particular pest on the specific mountains has not been described yet. We found that EFB mostly prefers Abies cephalonica and less Juniperus oxycedrous in sunny areas and/or near the country roads. Across the study area, local severe infestations of scale 2, 3 and 5, were observed. In many cases the infestation was observed in adult fir individuals. Defoliations and severe outbreaks, which are presumably incurred by EFB were also observed by local people (beekeepers, foresters, herb collectors) in the past. Our laboratories field measurements and the analysis of the Singular Spectrum analysis trendlines revealed growth decline, not connected with climatic parameters but probably associated with observed defoliations by the EFB. |
Astaras, Christos; Valeta, Christina; Vasileiadis, Ioakim Acoustic ecology of tawny owl (Strix aluco) in the Greek Rhodope Mountains using passive acoustic monitoring methods Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 110–116, 2022. @article{Astaras2022, title = {Acoustic ecology of tawny owl (\textit{Strix aluco}) in the Greek Rhodope Mountains using passive acoustic monitoring methods}, author = {Christos Astaras and Christina Valeta and Ioakim Vasileiadis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0012}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {110–116}, abstract = {Passive acoustic monitoring is a wildlife monitoring method used especially for the study of vocally active species which are difficult to observe directly. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, Linnaeus 1758) is such a species, and has not been previously studied in Greece. The aim of the study was to provide a first insight into the species’ acoustic ecology in the Rhodope Mountains by describing its calling activity at four sites over a period of 3–6 months, and to examine possible correlation with natural and climatic parameters. Based on 24,937 calls, we report a significant increase in the number of calls per night (18:00 pm to 9:00 am) as the length of the night increased, as well as a negative relation with wind speed. We did not observe a relationship between calling frequency and the phase of the moon.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Passive acoustic monitoring is a wildlife monitoring method used especially for the study of vocally active species which are difficult to observe directly. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, Linnaeus 1758) is such a species, and has not been previously studied in Greece. The aim of the study was to provide a first insight into the species’ acoustic ecology in the Rhodope Mountains by describing its calling activity at four sites over a period of 3–6 months, and to examine possible correlation with natural and climatic parameters. Based on 24,937 calls, we report a significant increase in the number of calls per night (18:00 pm to 9:00 am) as the length of the night increased, as well as a negative relation with wind speed. We did not observe a relationship between calling frequency and the phase of the moon. |
Politi, Despoina Eleni; Aravanopoulos, Filippos (Phil) A Diversity of leaf morphometric parameters in natural Greek populations of Arbutus unedo Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 117–121, 2022. @article{Politi2022, title = {Diversity of leaf morphometric parameters in natural Greek populations of \textit{Arbutus unedo}}, author = {Despoina Eleni Politi and Filippos A. (Phil) Aravanopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0013}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {117–121}, abstract = {This paper investigates leaf morphology variation of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) within and between two natural contrasting populations of significant latitudinal difference (Kassandreia, Chalkidiki and Ancient Olympia, Peloponnese). This study employed 11 leaf size and shape parameters, recorded by image processing and analyzing software. The results showed that in the measurements of central tendency (parameter means) the northern population of Kassandreia presented the highest values, while in contrast the highest values in the measurements of spread were found in the southern population of Ancient Olympia. Moreover, statistically significant differences between populations were detected in leaf size, but not in leaf shape parameters. Results are discussed in the context of their value in studying quantitative population differentiation and laying the basis of more advanced studies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper investigates leaf morphology variation of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) within and between two natural contrasting populations of significant latitudinal difference (Kassandreia, Chalkidiki and Ancient Olympia, Peloponnese). This study employed 11 leaf size and shape parameters, recorded by image processing and analyzing software. The results showed that in the measurements of central tendency (parameter means) the northern population of Kassandreia presented the highest values, while in contrast the highest values in the measurements of spread were found in the southern population of Ancient Olympia. Moreover, statistically significant differences between populations were detected in leaf size, but not in leaf shape parameters. Results are discussed in the context of their value in studying quantitative population differentiation and laying the basis of more advanced studies. |
Kechagioglou, Stavros; Papadopoulou, Dimitra; Tsitsoni, Thekla Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 122–129, 2022. @article{Kechagioglou2022, title = {Determining structure and volume of the European beech (\textit{Fagus sylvatica} L.) deadwood in managed stands in the Rodopi Mountain Range National Park, Greece}, author = {Stavros Kechagioglou and Dimitra Papadopoulou and Thekla Tsitsoni}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0014}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {122–129}, abstract = {The multifaceted role of deadwood in forest ecosystems has been widely recognized while it is regarded as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Nevertheless, there are hardly any data on deadwood volume and structure in managed forests in Greece. The study took place in beech forests of the Western and Central part of the Rodopi Mountain Range. The objective was to determine the amount, variability and quality of deadwood and to compare it with data from managed as well as natural forests. Data were collected on 30 randomly distributed circular plots of 0.1 ha. The results showed that the average deadwood amount (13.46 m3 ha–1) was much lower compared to that recorded in other European forests and they highlighted the absence of large dead standing trees due to the management regime. The deadwood quality showed great variation in stages of decay.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The multifaceted role of deadwood in forest ecosystems has been widely recognized while it is regarded as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Nevertheless, there are hardly any data on deadwood volume and structure in managed forests in Greece. The study took place in beech forests of the Western and Central part of the Rodopi Mountain Range. The objective was to determine the amount, variability and quality of deadwood and to compare it with data from managed as well as natural forests. Data were collected on 30 randomly distributed circular plots of 0.1 ha. The results showed that the average deadwood amount (13.46 m3 ha–1) was much lower compared to that recorded in other European forests and they highlighted the absence of large dead standing trees due to the management regime. The deadwood quality showed great variation in stages of decay. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Abbas, Muayed F; Jasim, Abbas M Response of date palm offshoots (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to the foliar spray of salicylic acid and citric acid under salinity conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 130–136, 2022. @article{Shareef2022, title = {Response of date palm offshoots (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) to the foliar spray of salicylic acid and citric acid under salinity conditions}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Muayed F. Abbas and Abbas M. Jasim}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0015}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {130–136}, abstract = {Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage. |
Lukyanets, Volodymyr; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Tarnopilska, Oksana; Kobets, Oleksii; Musienko, Sergiy; Obolonyk, Iryna; Bondarenko, Vira; Poznіakova, Svitlana Distribution, productivity and natural regeneration of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in Ukrainian Polissya Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 137–147, 2022. @article{Lukyanets2022, title = {Distribution, productivity and natural regeneration of black alder (\textit{Alnus glutinosa} (L.) Gaertn.) in Ukrainian Polissya}, author = {Volodymyr Lukyanets and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oksana Tarnopilska and Oleksii Kobets and Sergiy Musienko and Iryna Obolonyk and Vira Bondarenko and Svitlana Poznіakova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0016}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {137–147}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess the current state and productivity of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands and determine the optimal conditions for the emergence and further growth of its natural regeneration in Ukrainian Polissya. The area of black alder stands in Ukrainian Polissya (Ukrainian forest zone) is 162,348 ha, reaching 8.4% of the total forest area. Volyn Region has the largest area of alder stands within Ukrainian Polissya (61,271 ha covering 37.7% of the total area). In the forests of this region, a more detailed study of the current condition, productivity, growth and regeneration of alder stands was performed. The natural regeneration under the alder canopy was characterized as poor. The largest numbers of alder seedlings (1,600–1,800 stems per ha) were recorded under the canopy of 76–78-year-old stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.63–0.70 and 80–100% of alder in their composition. Naturally regenerating alder seedlings had mainly group distribution on the area (occurrence is up to 40%). These specificities should be taken into account to promote natural seed regeneration of alder stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to assess the current state and productivity of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands and determine the optimal conditions for the emergence and further growth of its natural regeneration in Ukrainian Polissya. The area of black alder stands in Ukrainian Polissya (Ukrainian forest zone) is 162,348 ha, reaching 8.4% of the total forest area. Volyn Region has the largest area of alder stands within Ukrainian Polissya (61,271 ha covering 37.7% of the total area). In the forests of this region, a more detailed study of the current condition, productivity, growth and regeneration of alder stands was performed. The natural regeneration under the alder canopy was characterized as poor. The largest numbers of alder seedlings (1,600–1,800 stems per ha) were recorded under the canopy of 76–78-year-old stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.63–0.70 and 80–100% of alder in their composition. Naturally regenerating alder seedlings had mainly group distribution on the area (occurrence is up to 40%). These specificities should be taken into account to promote natural seed regeneration of alder stands. |
Teofilova, Teodora Ground beetles in Romanian oilseed rape fields and adjacent grasslands (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 148–158, 2022. @article{Teofilova2022, title = {Ground beetles in Romanian oilseed rape fields and adjacent grasslands (Coleoptera: Carabidae)}, author = {Teodora Teofilova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0017}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {148–158}, abstract = {This study aimed at clarifying species composition and ecological structure of the ground beetles associated with oilseed rape fields during flowering, ripening and post-harvest, as well as pastures adjacent to them. Field work was carried out in 2017. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 20 sampling sites in the Transylvania region, Cluj County. A total of 8,151 individuals were collected (7,576 in rapeseed fields and 575 in pastures) belonging to 82 species from 29 genera. The richest tribes were Harpalini (25 species), Zabrini (12 species), Pterostichini (10 species), and Carabini (9 species). The most species-rich were the genera Harpalus (13 species), Amara (11 species), Carabus and Ophonus (8 species each). The most abundant species in the rape fields were Poecilus cupreus (1,760 ind.), Brachinus explodens (1,500 ind.), Brachinus elegans (1206 ind.), and Anchomenus dorsalis (875 ind.). The most abundant in the grasslands were Pterostichus hungaricus (101 ind.), Calathus fuscipes (74 ind.), Harpalus caspius (67 ind.), and Cylindera germanica (64 ind.). The species found only in rape fields were 36 while 13 species were exclusive to pastures; 34 species were discovered in both types of habitats. The investigation acquired some new data on carabid diversity in Romania, including two new country records.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed at clarifying species composition and ecological structure of the ground beetles associated with oilseed rape fields during flowering, ripening and post-harvest, as well as pastures adjacent to them. Field work was carried out in 2017. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 20 sampling sites in the Transylvania region, Cluj County. A total of 8,151 individuals were collected (7,576 in rapeseed fields and 575 in pastures) belonging to 82 species from 29 genera. The richest tribes were Harpalini (25 species), Zabrini (12 species), Pterostichini (10 species), and Carabini (9 species). The most species-rich were the genera Harpalus (13 species), Amara (11 species), Carabus and Ophonus (8 species each). The most abundant species in the rape fields were Poecilus cupreus (1,760 ind.), Brachinus explodens (1,500 ind.), Brachinus elegans (1206 ind.), and Anchomenus dorsalis (875 ind.). The most abundant in the grasslands were Pterostichus hungaricus (101 ind.), Calathus fuscipes (74 ind.), Harpalus caspius (67 ind.), and Cylindera germanica (64 ind.). The species found only in rape fields were 36 while 13 species were exclusive to pastures; 34 species were discovered in both types of habitats. The investigation acquired some new data on carabid diversity in Romania, including two new country records. |
Zúñiga, Alfredo H; Rau, Jaime R; Sandova, Rodolfo; Fuenzalida, Víctor Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 159–167, 2022. @article{Zúñiga2022, title = {Landscape use and food habits of the chilla fox (\textit{Lycalopex griseus}, Gray) and domestic dog (\textit{Canis lupus familiaris}) in a peri-urban environment of south-central Chile}, author = {Alfredo H. Zúñiga and Jaime R. Rau and Rodolfo Sandova and Víctor Fuenzalida}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0018}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {159–167}, abstract = {Cities intensely modify natural environments and impose pressures on biodiversity. In this sense, carnivorous mammals are one of the groups most affected due to their food and space requirements. The feeding and spatial behavior of the chilla fox (Lycalopex griseus, G., 1837) and dogs were studied in the vicinity of a peri-urban protected area in south-central Chile. The diet of both canids was compared seasonally, for which feces were collected along trails in three habitats: native forest, exotic plantations and scrublands. Dog feces were collected at the same site to establish whether they were avoided by foxes. Chilla fox has been highlighted for consuming a high proportion of hares followed by rodents of the Muridae family, both being exotic mammals in Chile, whereas dogs showed a predominant consumption of anthropogenic food. Significant differences were observed for chilla fox in dietary diversity, mainly in summer and fall. No spatial segregation was observed with the domestic dog, which was evidenced in a high overlap in the use of all habitats. This scenario, together with continuous human presence, are elements that must be considered in the medium-term to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on native carnivores in the study area. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cities intensely modify natural environments and impose pressures on biodiversity. In this sense, carnivorous mammals are one of the groups most affected due to their food and space requirements. The feeding and spatial behavior of the chilla fox (Lycalopex griseus, G., 1837) and dogs were studied in the vicinity of a peri-urban protected area in south-central Chile. The diet of both canids was compared seasonally, for which feces were collected along trails in three habitats: native forest, exotic plantations and scrublands. Dog feces were collected at the same site to establish whether they were avoided by foxes. Chilla fox has been highlighted for consuming a high proportion of hares followed by rodents of the Muridae family, both being exotic mammals in Chile, whereas dogs showed a predominant consumption of anthropogenic food. Significant differences were observed for chilla fox in dietary diversity, mainly in summer and fall. No spatial segregation was observed with the domestic dog, which was evidenced in a high overlap in the use of all habitats. This scenario, together with continuous human presence, are elements that must be considered in the medium-term to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on native carnivores in the study area. |
Foxx, Alicia J Species variability in the relative strength of intraspecific and interspecific interactions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 168–174, 2022. @article{Foxx2022, title = {Species variability in the relative strength of intraspecific and interspecific interactions}, author = {Alicia J. Foxx}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0019}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {168–174}, abstract = {Understanding cases in restoration and in agriculture in which species diversity improves productivity and ecosystem functioning is crucial due the need to restore degraded habitat and improve crop productivity for a growing human population. Reaching these diversity benefits is likely influenced by the dynamic of less negative interspecific than intraspecific interactions that promote diversity. But further testing is needed to understand the relationship of intraspecific- relative to interspecific interactions. Here I used seedlings from three native and one introduced species used in restoration in the western United States in pairwise interaction combinations and found that the study species varied in shoot biomass in response to interaction treatments of the control, intraspecific, and interspecific interactions (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.001), and that intraspecific interactions were more negative than interspecific interactions for four of five of the pairings. Overall, as shoot mass size differences increased between interspecific neighbors, interactions became more positive (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings point to variability in species responses in whether the focal species compete more intensely with conspecific or heterospecific neighbors and indicates the need for more careful selection of interacting species for meeting both agricultural and restoration goals. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding cases in restoration and in agriculture in which species diversity improves productivity and ecosystem functioning is crucial due the need to restore degraded habitat and improve crop productivity for a growing human population. Reaching these diversity benefits is likely influenced by the dynamic of less negative interspecific than intraspecific interactions that promote diversity. But further testing is needed to understand the relationship of intraspecific- relative to interspecific interactions. Here I used seedlings from three native and one introduced species used in restoration in the western United States in pairwise interaction combinations and found that the study species varied in shoot biomass in response to interaction treatments of the control, intraspecific, and interspecific interactions (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.001), and that intraspecific interactions were more negative than interspecific interactions for four of five of the pairings. Overall, as shoot mass size differences increased between interspecific neighbors, interactions became more positive (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings point to variability in species responses in whether the focal species compete more intensely with conspecific or heterospecific neighbors and indicates the need for more careful selection of interacting species for meeting both agricultural and restoration goals. |
Aissi, Abdeldjalil; Beghami, Yassine Geometric Morphometrics use in the examination of subgenus Quercus leaf shape variation in Algeria Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 175–181, 2022. @article{Aissi2022, title = {Geometric Morphometrics use in the examination of subgenus \textit{Quercus} leaf shape variation in Algeria}, author = {Abdeldjalil Aissi and Yassine Beghami}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0020}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {175–181}, abstract = {The latest findings on the taxonomic review of Quercus faginea Lam. complex using ‘traditional morphometrics’, demonstrating that the species is represented in Algeria by both Q. faginea and Q. canariensis Willd. Significant variations of the leaf form were also discernible among both species. In this study, the landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis was used to assess the shape variation of the leaves found on oak stands. 2,600 leaves per 13 stands were collected and scanned, and then using Tps range and MorphoJ software, 11 landmarks—that represent the leaf morphological features—were recorded on leaf images. Shape components and non-forms variations were obtained through a full Procrustes fit followed by creating a leaf-superimposed configuration. Principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and discriminate analysis were used to statistically evaluate the leaf shape variability. The results revealed no clear distinction between the two species based on leaf shape. Climate change and environmental factors also appear to have possibly caused a divergent morphological evolution; a reduced leaf size with enduring indumentum—among other Q. faginea traits—could be an efficient mean of adapting to Mediterranean xeric conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The latest findings on the taxonomic review of Quercus faginea Lam. complex using ‘traditional morphometrics’, demonstrating that the species is represented in Algeria by both Q. faginea and Q. canariensis Willd. Significant variations of the leaf form were also discernible among both species. In this study, the landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis was used to assess the shape variation of the leaves found on oak stands. 2,600 leaves per 13 stands were collected and scanned, and then using Tps range and MorphoJ software, 11 landmarks—that represent the leaf morphological features—were recorded on leaf images. Shape components and non-forms variations were obtained through a full Procrustes fit followed by creating a leaf-superimposed configuration. Principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and discriminate analysis were used to statistically evaluate the leaf shape variability. The results revealed no clear distinction between the two species based on leaf shape. Climate change and environmental factors also appear to have possibly caused a divergent morphological evolution; a reduced leaf size with enduring indumentum—among other Q. faginea traits—could be an efficient mean of adapting to Mediterranean xeric conditions. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Rokaya, Maan Bahadur; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Distribution of invasive plants and their association with wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 182–191, 2022. @article{Adhikari2022, title = {Distribution of invasive plants and their association with wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Maan Bahadur Rokaya and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0021}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {182–191}, abstract = {Invasive and alien plant species (IAPS) are considered as major threats to native biodiversity because IAPS alter ecosystem structure and their functions. We assessed the association of four major IAPS (Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus) and the abundance of wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan, Nepal. We collected data on the presence of wild ungulates in IAPS invaded habitats through direct observation and sign surveys. Our study showed that the cover of M. micrantha was significantly high in Sal forest (Prominence value PV = 73.23) followed by riverine forest (PV = 40.5) and grassland (PV = 37.7) whereas P. hysterophorus was high in grasslands (PV = 22.9). Similarly, C. odorata was significantly high in Sal forest (PV =141.6%), and L. camara was high in mixed forest (PV = 22.6). It was found that there was a significant negative association of IAPS (p = 0.002) with wild ungulates. The abundances of deer and wild pigs were more in the buffer zone than in the non-buffer zone. The abundance of deer decreased with increasing cover of C. odorata, M. micrantha, and P. hysterophorus (p = 0.002). Similarly, the abundance of wild pigs decreased with increasing cover of M. micrantha and L. camara. IAPS were not uniformly distributed in different habitats and abundances of wild ungulates were less in IAPS invaded habitats. Hence, it is important to initiate management plans to control IAPS spread to avoid their negative impacts on wild ungulate population such as deer and wild pigs. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Invasive and alien plant species (IAPS) are considered as major threats to native biodiversity because IAPS alter ecosystem structure and their functions. We assessed the association of four major IAPS (Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus) and the abundance of wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan, Nepal. We collected data on the presence of wild ungulates in IAPS invaded habitats through direct observation and sign surveys. Our study showed that the cover of M. micrantha was significantly high in Sal forest (Prominence value PV = 73.23) followed by riverine forest (PV = 40.5) and grassland (PV = 37.7) whereas P. hysterophorus was high in grasslands (PV = 22.9). Similarly, C. odorata was significantly high in Sal forest (PV =141.6%), and L. camara was high in mixed forest (PV = 22.6). It was found that there was a significant negative association of IAPS (p = 0.002) with wild ungulates. The abundances of deer and wild pigs were more in the buffer zone than in the non-buffer zone. The abundance of deer decreased with increasing cover of C. odorata, M. micrantha, and P. hysterophorus (p = 0.002). Similarly, the abundance of wild pigs decreased with increasing cover of M. micrantha and L. camara. IAPS were not uniformly distributed in different habitats and abundances of wild ungulates were less in IAPS invaded habitats. Hence, it is important to initiate management plans to control IAPS spread to avoid their negative impacts on wild ungulate population such as deer and wild pigs. |
➤ Volume 49(1) 2022
Dzurenko, Marek; Galko, Juraj; Kulfan, Ján; Váľka, Jozef; Holec, Juraj; Saniga, Miroslav; Zúbrik, Milan; Vakula, Jozef; Ranger, Christopher M; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Jauschová, Terézia; Zach, Peter Can the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus withstand an unusually cold winter in the West Carpathian forest in Central Europe? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 1 - 8, 2022. @article{Dzurenko2022, title = {Can the invasive ambrosia beetle \textit{Xylosandrus germanus} withstand an unusually cold winter in the West Carpathian forest in Central Europe?}, author = {Marek Dzurenko and Juraj Galko and Ján Kulfan and Jozef Váľka and Juraj Holec and Miroslav Saniga and Milan Zúbrik and Jozef Vakula and Christopher M. Ranger and Jiří Skuhrovec and Terézia Jauschová and Peter Zach}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0001}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 8}, abstract = {The capability of a non-native species to withstand adverse weather is indicative of its establishment in a novel area. An unusually cold winter of 2016/2017 that occurred in the West Carpathians of Slovakia and other regions within Europe provided an opportunity to indirectly assess survival of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). We compared trap captures of this species in the year preceding and succeeding the respective cold winter. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in 24 oak dominated forest stands within the southern and central area from April to August 2016, and again from April to August 2017 to encompass the seasonal flight activity of X. germanus and to get acquainted with temporal changes in the abundance of this species in these two distant areas. Dispersing X. germanus were recorded in all surveyed stands before and after the aforementioned cold winter. Their total seasonal trap captures were lower in the southern area following low winter temperatures, but remained similar in the central area. Our results suggest that X. germanus can withstand adverse winter weather in oak dominated forests of the West Carpathians within altitudes of 171 and 450 m asl. It is likely that minimum winter temperatures will not reduce the establishment or further spread of this successful invader in forests in Central Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The capability of a non-native species to withstand adverse weather is indicative of its establishment in a novel area. An unusually cold winter of 2016/2017 that occurred in the West Carpathians of Slovakia and other regions within Europe provided an opportunity to indirectly assess survival of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). We compared trap captures of this species in the year preceding and succeeding the respective cold winter. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in 24 oak dominated forest stands within the southern and central area from April to August 2016, and again from April to August 2017 to encompass the seasonal flight activity of X. germanus and to get acquainted with temporal changes in the abundance of this species in these two distant areas. Dispersing X. germanus were recorded in all surveyed stands before and after the aforementioned cold winter. Their total seasonal trap captures were lower in the southern area following low winter temperatures, but remained similar in the central area. Our results suggest that X. germanus can withstand adverse winter weather in oak dominated forests of the West Carpathians within altitudes of 171 and 450 m asl. It is likely that minimum winter temperatures will not reduce the establishment or further spread of this successful invader in forests in Central Europe. |
Hlôška, Ladislav; Saniga, Miroslav; Chovancová, Gabriela; Chovancová, Barbara; Homolová, Zuzana Temporal and spatial changes in small mammal communities in a disturbed mountain forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 9 - 22, 2022. @article{Hlôška2022, title = {Temporal and spatial changes in small mammal communities in a disturbed mountain forest}, author = {Ladislav Hlôška and Miroslav Saniga and Gabriela Chovancová and Barbara Chovancová and Zuzana Homolová}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0002}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {9 - 22}, abstract = {In 2005–2016, we investigated a secondary succession of small mammal communities in forest ecosystems in High Tatras (Slovakia) disturbed by windstorm and fire. This long-term ecological study confirmed the occurrence of significant temporal and spatial changes in species composition and number of dominant small mammal species. A comparison between disturbed and undisturbed plots indicated notable differences in species richness and abundance. The gradations of dominant small mammal species in disturbed habitats were asynchronous and showed a wider range of amplitude than in the undisturbed plots. An analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of small mammal communities in relation to selected environmental gradients confirmed the statistically significant effect of secondary succession on species composition, abundance, and exchange in forest ecosystems in the High Tatra Mountains following a disturbance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2005–2016, we investigated a secondary succession of small mammal communities in forest ecosystems in High Tatras (Slovakia) disturbed by windstorm and fire. This long-term ecological study confirmed the occurrence of significant temporal and spatial changes in species composition and number of dominant small mammal species. A comparison between disturbed and undisturbed plots indicated notable differences in species richness and abundance. The gradations of dominant small mammal species in disturbed habitats were asynchronous and showed a wider range of amplitude than in the undisturbed plots. An analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of small mammal communities in relation to selected environmental gradients confirmed the statistically significant effect of secondary succession on species composition, abundance, and exchange in forest ecosystems in the High Tatra Mountains following a disturbance. |
Boroughani, Mahdi; Soltani, Somayeh; Ghezelseflu, Nafiseh; Pazhouhan, Iman Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 23 - 34, 2022. @article{Boroughani2022, title = {A comparative assessment between artificial neural network, neuro-fuzzy, and support vector machine models in splash erosion modelling under simulation circumstances}, author = {Mahdi Boroughani and Somayeh Soltani and Nafiseh Ghezelseflu and Iman Pazhouhan}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0003}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {23 - 34}, abstract = {Splash erosion, as the first step of soil erosion, causes the movement of the soil particles and lumps and is considered an important process in soil erosion. Given the complexity of this process in nature, one way of identifying and modeling the process is to use a rainfall simulator and to study it under laboratory circumstances. For this purpose, transported material was measured with various rainfall intensities and different amounts of poly-acryl-amide. In the next step, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model the transported materials. The results showed that among the three methods, the best values of evaluation criteria were related to SVM, and ANFIS respectively. Among the three studied durations, the experiment with a duration of 30 minutes received the best results. The results based on available data showed by increasing the number of membership functions, over-fitting happens in the ANFIS method. To reduce the complexity of the model and the likelihood of over-fitting, some rules were eliminated. The results showed that the performance of the model improved by eliminating some rules.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Splash erosion, as the first step of soil erosion, causes the movement of the soil particles and lumps and is considered an important process in soil erosion. Given the complexity of this process in nature, one way of identifying and modeling the process is to use a rainfall simulator and to study it under laboratory circumstances. For this purpose, transported material was measured with various rainfall intensities and different amounts of poly-acryl-amide. In the next step, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model the transported materials. The results showed that among the three methods, the best values of evaluation criteria were related to SVM, and ANFIS respectively. Among the three studied durations, the experiment with a duration of 30 minutes received the best results. The results based on available data showed by increasing the number of membership functions, over-fitting happens in the ANFIS method. To reduce the complexity of the model and the likelihood of over-fitting, some rules were eliminated. The results showed that the performance of the model improved by eliminating some rules. |
Bailon, Alvaro Gregorio; Mendoza, Fernando Leonel; Solis, Leonardo; Velasquez, José; Montes, Karime; Gutierrez, Diego Perla R; Kondo, Takumasa; Chirinos, Dorys T Endemic and invasive Coccinellidae associated with maize (Zea mays L.) fields, in Manabi province, Ecuador Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 35 - 41, 2022. @article{Bailon2022, title = {Endemic and invasive Coccinellidae associated with maize (\textit{Zea mays} L.) fields, in Manabi province, Ecuador}, author = {Alvaro Gregorio Bailon and Fernando Leonel Mendoza and Leonardo Solis and José Velasquez and Karime Montes and Diego R. Perla Gutierrez and Takumasa Kondo and Dorys T. Chirinos}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0004}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {35 - 41}, abstract = {Maize (Zea mays L.), which is considered an important cereal everywhere, is widely cultivated in different agroecological conditions. Throughout their phenological stages, maize crops are attacked by pests and diseases, and in Ecuador these phytosanitary problems are usually counteracted with applications of pesticides. However, knowledge of beneficial entomofauna is fundamental to guide pest management programs. As part of this objective, the Coccinellidae species present in maize fields in localities (Santa Ana, Colon, and Danzarin) in Manabí province were identified. In each zone, maize plants were sampled from 2018–2019. A total of 2,654 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were collected in this study, of which Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, Hyperaspis arida, and Psyllobora confluens were found in all the studied areas. Hyperaspis arida and Diomus apollonia are reported for the first time in Ecuador.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Maize (Zea mays L.), which is considered an important cereal everywhere, is widely cultivated in different agroecological conditions. Throughout their phenological stages, maize crops are attacked by pests and diseases, and in Ecuador these phytosanitary problems are usually counteracted with applications of pesticides. However, knowledge of beneficial entomofauna is fundamental to guide pest management programs. As part of this objective, the Coccinellidae species present in maize fields in localities (Santa Ana, Colon, and Danzarin) in Manabí province were identified. In each zone, maize plants were sampled from 2018–2019. A total of 2,654 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were collected in this study, of which Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, Hyperaspis arida, and Psyllobora confluens were found in all the studied areas. Hyperaspis arida and Diomus apollonia are reported for the first time in Ecuador. |
Prokopiak, Mariana; Mayorova, Oksana; Hrytsak, Liudmyla; Meshko, Halyna; Drobyk, Nadia The assessment of the current status of Gentiana lutea L. populations of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Ecological and genetic approaches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 42 - 50, 2022. @article{Prokopiak2022, title = {The assessment of the current status of \textit{Gentiana lutea} L. populations of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Ecological and genetic approaches}, author = {Mariana Prokopiak and Oksana Mayorova and Liudmyla Hrytsak and Halyna Meshko and Nadia Drobyk}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0005}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {42 - 50}, abstract = {Based on the analysis of the genetic polymorphisms (RGAP- and CDDP-PCR) among populations and comparison of these results with ecological characteristics (density, area, spatial and vitality structure, age, ability of renewal and self-maintenance), the status of five natural (Lemska, Gutyn Tomnatyk, Sheshul-Pavlyk, Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka) and one man-made (Pozhyzhevska) populations of Gentiana lutea from the Ukrainian Carpathians was assessed. The results of the complex ecological and genetic analysis have revealed that three populations are unstable (Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka, Gutyn Tomnatyk), two are relatively stable (Lemska, Pozhyzhevska) and only one is stable (Sheshul-Pavlyk). The research results can be used for stabilizing the number of violations and restoring the endangered natural populations. Based on these data, the recommendations for the conservation and protection of G. lutea populations have been developed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the analysis of the genetic polymorphisms (RGAP- and CDDP-PCR) among populations and comparison of these results with ecological characteristics (density, area, spatial and vitality structure, age, ability of renewal and self-maintenance), the status of five natural (Lemska, Gutyn Tomnatyk, Sheshul-Pavlyk, Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka) and one man-made (Pozhyzhevska) populations of Gentiana lutea from the Ukrainian Carpathians was assessed. The results of the complex ecological and genetic analysis have revealed that three populations are unstable (Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka, Gutyn Tomnatyk), two are relatively stable (Lemska, Pozhyzhevska) and only one is stable (Sheshul-Pavlyk). The research results can be used for stabilizing the number of violations and restoring the endangered natural populations. Based on these data, the recommendations for the conservation and protection of G. lutea populations have been developed. |
Abakumov, Evgeny V; Koptseva, Elena M Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 51 - 60, 2022. @article{Abakumov2022, title = {Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review}, author = {Evgeny V. Abakumov and Elena M. Koptseva}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0006}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {51 - 60}, abstract = {Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter. |
Ignatenko, Roman Viktorovich; Efimova, Lyubov Alexandrovna; Nikerova, Ksenia Mikhailovna The cytogenetic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 61 - 69, 2022. @article{Ignatenko2022, title = {The cytogenetic parameters of \textit{Pinus sylvestris} L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia)}, author = {Roman Viktorovich Ignatenko and Lyubov Alexandrovna Efimova and Ksenia Mikhailovna Nikerova}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0007}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {61 - 69}, abstract = {The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively. |
Nuñez, Luis Manuel Valenzuela; Sifuentes, Aldo Rafael Martínez; Herrera, José Antonio Hernández; de la Peña, Cristina García; Contreras, Edwin Amir Briceño; Saucedo, Julio César Ríos; Guerrero, Enrique Melo Spatial exploration, dendrometric characteristics and prediction models of wood production in a stand of Acacia schaffneri in Durango, Mexico Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 70 - 79, 2022. @article{Nuñez2022, title = {Spatial exploration, dendrometric characteristics and prediction models of wood production in a stand of \textit{Acacia schaffneri} in Durango, Mexico}, author = {Luis Manuel Valenzuela Nuñez and Aldo Rafael Martínez Sifuentes and José Antonio Hernández Herrera and Cristina García de la Peña and Edwin Amir Briceño Contreras and Julio César Ríos Saucedo and Enrique Melo Guerrero}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0008}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {70 - 79}, abstract = {Degraded vegetation is the result of a process that affects structural and functional characteristics. Tree species from the Acacia genus are very important to the ecosystem in semi-arid lands due to their participation in the recovery of highly degraded areas. One of the most important species among this genus is A. schaffneri. The status of a forest stand is determined according to its structure, including height, stratum and density. Remote sensing is a valuable method for estimating volumetric stocks and associated changes in forest populations over established periods of time. The objective of this research was to estimate wood volume of A. schaffneri using remote sensing, and to complement that information with the results obtained from an estimation method based on forest measurements. The results obtained showed that the crown area was the dendrometric variable that can be used in a wood volume prediction model. In the exploratory analysis between dendrometric variables and remote sensing showed low and negative associations were observed in the four stations analyzed. There are conservation problems due to anthropogenic activities, among which stands out the intensive grazing that results in a decrease of the natural regeneration capacity of Acacia schaffneri.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Degraded vegetation is the result of a process that affects structural and functional characteristics. Tree species from the Acacia genus are very important to the ecosystem in semi-arid lands due to their participation in the recovery of highly degraded areas. One of the most important species among this genus is A. schaffneri. The status of a forest stand is determined according to its structure, including height, stratum and density. Remote sensing is a valuable method for estimating volumetric stocks and associated changes in forest populations over established periods of time. The objective of this research was to estimate wood volume of A. schaffneri using remote sensing, and to complement that information with the results obtained from an estimation method based on forest measurements. The results obtained showed that the crown area was the dendrometric variable that can be used in a wood volume prediction model. In the exploratory analysis between dendrometric variables and remote sensing showed low and negative associations were observed in the four stations analyzed. There are conservation problems due to anthropogenic activities, among which stands out the intensive grazing that results in a decrease of the natural regeneration capacity of Acacia schaffneri. |
Shanjani, Parvin Salehi; Rasoulzadeh, Leila; Javadi, Hamideh Evaluation of Achillea, Matricaria, and Anthemis plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 80 - 91, 2022. @article{Shanjani2022, title = {Evaluation of \textit{Achillea}, \textit{Matricaria}, and \textit{Anthemis} plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages}, author = {Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Rasoulzadeh and Hamideh Javadi}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0009}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {80 - 91}, abstract = {The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions. |
➤ Volume 48(2) 2021
Koshelev, Olexander; Koshelev, Vasiliy; Fedushko, Marina; Zhukov, Olexander Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 118 - 135, 2021. @article{Koshelev2021, title = {Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level}, author = {Olexander Koshelev and Vasiliy Koshelev and Marina Fedushko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0001-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0013}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {118 - 135}, abstract = {The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community. |
Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Ioannidis, Kostas Constructing single-entry stem volume models for four economically important tree species of Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 136 - 146, 2021. @article{Koulelis2021, title = {Constructing single-entry stem volume models for four economically important tree species of Greece}, author = {Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Kostas Ioannidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {136 - 146}, abstract = {Three different nonlinear regression models were tested for their ability to predict stem volume for economically important native tree species in Greece. Τhe models were evaluated using adjusted R square (Adj Rsqr) root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICc), where necessary. In general, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial models and the two-parameter power models fit the data well. Although the two-parameter power function fit best for fir, oak, and beech trees, the cubic polynomial model produced the best fit statistics for black pine. Making forest inventory estimates often involves predicting tree volumes from only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and merchantable height. This study covers important gaps in fast and cost-effective methods for calculating the volume of tree species at national level. However, the increasing need for reliable estimates of inventory components and volume changes requires more accurate volume estimation techniques. Especially when those estimates concern the national inventory, those models must be validated using an entire range of age/diameter and site classes of each species before their extended use across the country to promote the sustainable use of forest resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three different nonlinear regression models were tested for their ability to predict stem volume for economically important native tree species in Greece. Τhe models were evaluated using adjusted R square (Adj Rsqr) root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICc), where necessary. In general, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial models and the two-parameter power models fit the data well. Although the two-parameter power function fit best for fir, oak, and beech trees, the cubic polynomial model produced the best fit statistics for black pine. Making forest inventory estimates often involves predicting tree volumes from only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and merchantable height. This study covers important gaps in fast and cost-effective methods for calculating the volume of tree species at national level. However, the increasing need for reliable estimates of inventory components and volume changes requires more accurate volume estimation techniques. Especially when those estimates concern the national inventory, those models must be validated using an entire range of age/diameter and site classes of each species before their extended use across the country to promote the sustainable use of forest resources. |
Langraf, Vladimír; Petrovičová, Kornélia; Krumpálová, Zuzana; Svoradová, Andrea; Schlarmannová, Janka Dispersion of the epigeic fauna groups in the agricultural landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 147 - 155, 2021. @article{Langraf2021, title = {Dispersion of the epigeic fauna groups in the agricultural landscape}, author = {Vladimír Langraf and Kornélia Petrovičová and Zuzana Krumpálová and Andrea Svoradová and Janka Schlarmannová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0003-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0015}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {147 - 155}, abstract = {Changes in the structure of epigeic animal groups indicate ecological stability, which are influenced by urbanization, agriculture, and forestry. The aim of the paper was to assess the impact of agrarian land in the vicinity of urban and suburban landscape and non-fragmented forest in the vicinity of rural landscape on the occurrence of epigeic groups. We recorded the pitfall traps - 19, 676 individuals belonging to 20 taxonomic groups at 9 localities representing 7 types of habitat. Our results indicate a year-on-year increase in the number of individuals of epigeic groups in the city, with surrounding agrarian land. We found a correlation between eudominant epigeic groups of Aranea and Hymenoptera and rural landscape with the non-fragmented surrounding. Coleoptera has shown a link between the conditions of urban and suburban landscape with the surrounding developed agriculture. We confirmed a statistically significant effect for luminosity (p = 0.002), humidity (p = 0.025) and pH (p = 0.017).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in the structure of epigeic animal groups indicate ecological stability, which are influenced by urbanization, agriculture, and forestry. The aim of the paper was to assess the impact of agrarian land in the vicinity of urban and suburban landscape and non-fragmented forest in the vicinity of rural landscape on the occurrence of epigeic groups. We recorded the pitfall traps - 19, 676 individuals belonging to 20 taxonomic groups at 9 localities representing 7 types of habitat. Our results indicate a year-on-year increase in the number of individuals of epigeic groups in the city, with surrounding agrarian land. We found a correlation between eudominant epigeic groups of Aranea and Hymenoptera and rural landscape with the non-fragmented surrounding. Coleoptera has shown a link between the conditions of urban and suburban landscape with the surrounding developed agriculture. We confirmed a statistically significant effect for luminosity (p = 0.002), humidity (p = 0.025) and pH (p = 0.017). |
Tabasi, Melika; Mehrabian, Ahmadreza; Sayadi, Sadaf Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 156 - 168, 2021. @article{Tabasi2021, title = {Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East}, author = {Melika Tabasi and Ahmadreza Mehrabian and Sadaf Sayadi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0016}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {156 - 168}, abstract = {Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value. |
Petluš, Peter; Petlušová, Viera; Baláž, Ivan; Ševčík, Michal; Lešová, Andrea; Hapl, Ervín Impact of management measures on the European ground squirrel population development Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 169 - 179, 2021. @article{Petluš2021, title = {Impact of management measures on the European ground squirrel population development}, author = {Peter Petluš and Viera Petlušová and Ivan Baláž and Michal Ševčík and Andrea Lešová and Ervín Hapl}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0005-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0017}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {169 - 179}, abstract = {In the past, the European ground squirrel represented a common part of Slovakian fauna. During the 20th century, there was a substantial decrease in its number, mainly due to the intensification of agriculture. Currently, several programs focused on the recovery and preservation of ground squirrel colonies have been implemented. The aim in supporting the population of the European ground squirrel is to increase the number of birds of prey and to ensure a food base for them. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the success rate of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) management measures. The research was realized at two localities in the Protected Bird Area Slovenský kras (Hrhov and Gemerská Hôrka) in the years 2015–2018. Activities were focused on the management of grassland and supplemental feeding during the breeding period. As a result of the management measures and the supplemental feeding, we managed to maintain a positive trend in the populations’ development, as there was an increase observed in all the monitored seasons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the past, the European ground squirrel represented a common part of Slovakian fauna. During the 20th century, there was a substantial decrease in its number, mainly due to the intensification of agriculture. Currently, several programs focused on the recovery and preservation of ground squirrel colonies have been implemented. The aim in supporting the population of the European ground squirrel is to increase the number of birds of prey and to ensure a food base for them. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the success rate of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) management measures. The research was realized at two localities in the Protected Bird Area Slovenský kras (Hrhov and Gemerská Hôrka) in the years 2015–2018. Activities were focused on the management of grassland and supplemental feeding during the breeding period. As a result of the management measures and the supplemental feeding, we managed to maintain a positive trend in the populations’ development, as there was an increase observed in all the monitored seasons. |
Al-Traboulsi, Manal; Wilsey, Brian; Potvin, Catherine The effect of long-term CO2 enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 180 - 190, 2021. @article{Al-Traboulsi2021, title = {The effect of long-term CO_{2} enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland}, author = {Manal Al-Traboulsi and Brian Wilsey and Catherine Potvin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0018}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {180 - 190}, abstract = {Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4+-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4+-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil. |
Makaida, Maksym V; Pakhomov, Oleksander Y; Brygadyrenko, Viktor V Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 191 - 198, 2021. @article{Makaida2021, title = {Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae)}, author = {Maksym V. Makaida and Oleksander Y. Pakhomov and Viktor V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0019}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {191 - 198}, abstract = {Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year. |
Foxx, Alicia J; Wojcik, Siobhán T Plasticity in response to soil texture affects the relationships between a shoot and root trait and responses vary by population Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 199 - 204, 2021. @article{Foxx2021, title = {Plasticity in response to soil texture affects the relationships between a shoot and root trait and responses vary by population}, author = {Alicia J. Foxx and Siobhán T. Wojcik}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0008-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {199 - 204}, abstract = {The relationships between shoot and root traits can inform plant selection for restoration, forestry, and agriculture and help to identify relationships that inform plant productivity and enhance their performance. But the strength of coordination between above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits varies due to differences in edaphic properties and population variation. More assessments are needed to determine what conditions influence these relationships. So, we tested whether plant population and soil texture affect the relationship between shoot and root traits which have important ecological ramifications for competition and resource capture: shoot height and root tip production. We grew seedlings of two populations of Bromus tectorum due to is fast growing nature in a growth chamber in loam soil, sand, and clay. We found variation in height by plant population and the substrate used (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and variation in root tip production by the substrate used (R2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Importantly, we found that relationships between shoot height and root tip production varied by soil texture and population (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.0001), and growth in sand produced the strongest relationship and was the most water deficient substrate (R2 = 0.32). This shows that screening populations under several environments influences appropriate plant selection.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The relationships between shoot and root traits can inform plant selection for restoration, forestry, and agriculture and help to identify relationships that inform plant productivity and enhance their performance. But the strength of coordination between above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits varies due to differences in edaphic properties and population variation. More assessments are needed to determine what conditions influence these relationships. So, we tested whether plant population and soil texture affect the relationship between shoot and root traits which have important ecological ramifications for competition and resource capture: shoot height and root tip production. We grew seedlings of two populations of Bromus tectorum due to is fast growing nature in a growth chamber in loam soil, sand, and clay. We found variation in height by plant population and the substrate used (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and variation in root tip production by the substrate used (R2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Importantly, we found that relationships between shoot height and root tip production varied by soil texture and population (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.0001), and growth in sand produced the strongest relationship and was the most water deficient substrate (R2 = 0.32). This shows that screening populations under several environments influences appropriate plant selection. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis Nickel in forests – a short review on its distribution and fluxes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 205 - 214, 2021. @article{Michopoulos2021b, title = {Nickel in forests – a short review on its distribution and fluxes}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0009-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0021}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {205 - 214}, abstract = {The distribution and cycling of nickel (Ni) in forests is greatly affected by their proximity to emission sources of the metal. The throughfall deposition is always richer in Ni than the bulk deposition. It can be inferred that some dry deposition enriches the throughfall. In remote forested areas, the hydrological fluxes of Ni do not differ a lot from those in litterfall. In addition, the current year needles in conifers have higher concentrations than the older needles, a sign of absorption and mobility of the metal. In contrast, near an industrial Ni source the older needles accumulate much more of the metal. The Ni content in bark tissue can be used to map the deposition distribution of the metal around an area (rural or urban). The concentrations of Ni in forest soils is also dependent on their distances from the Ni emission sources and the nature of the soil parent material. The Ni concentrations increase with soil depth due to the geogenic origin of the metal. Low pH greatly enhances the mobility of the metal in soils, much more than the leachability of organic matter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The distribution and cycling of nickel (Ni) in forests is greatly affected by their proximity to emission sources of the metal. The throughfall deposition is always richer in Ni than the bulk deposition. It can be inferred that some dry deposition enriches the throughfall. In remote forested areas, the hydrological fluxes of Ni do not differ a lot from those in litterfall. In addition, the current year needles in conifers have higher concentrations than the older needles, a sign of absorption and mobility of the metal. In contrast, near an industrial Ni source the older needles accumulate much more of the metal. The Ni content in bark tissue can be used to map the deposition distribution of the metal around an area (rural or urban). The concentrations of Ni in forest soils is also dependent on their distances from the Ni emission sources and the nature of the soil parent material. The Ni concentrations increase with soil depth due to the geogenic origin of the metal. Low pH greatly enhances the mobility of the metal in soils, much more than the leachability of organic matter. |
Gubar, Lubov; Koniakin, Serhii Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 215 - 228, 2021. @article{Gubar2021, title = {Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine)}, author = {Lubov Gubar and Serhii Koniakin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0010-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0022}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {215 - 228}, abstract = {In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential. |
➤ Volume 48(1) 2021
Urban, Peter; Sabo, Peter; Plesník, Jan How to define ecology on the basis of its current understanding? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 1-8, 2021. @article{Urban2020, title = {How to define ecology on the basis of its current understanding?}, author = {Peter Urban and Peter Sabo and Jan Plesník}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0001}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {The frequently used term ecology is currently interpreted in various ways. This scientific discipline has undergone relatively dynamic development since its inception, and its character is still widening and changing. Therefore, in this contribution we attempt to briefly summarize the subject and contents of current ecology, as well as to propose its more systemic and comprehensive definition. We try to enhance its present definitions especially by putting emphasis on the dynamics of nature (the dynamics of natural processes). We define current ecology as the science dealing with the structure, dynamics and functions of nature including evolution, where structure involves the distribution and abundance of individual organisms, habitats and ecosystems; dynamics include all the aspects of their life trajectories and cycles, including growth, development, reproduction or renewal, interactions and their changes, the cycling of matter, flows of energy and information and their transformations; and functions involve the properties, traits and niches of individual organisms and species in an ecosystem, as well as the properties and niches of ecosystems in the landscape, ecoregion or in the whole Earth system.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The frequently used term ecology is currently interpreted in various ways. This scientific discipline has undergone relatively dynamic development since its inception, and its character is still widening and changing. Therefore, in this contribution we attempt to briefly summarize the subject and contents of current ecology, as well as to propose its more systemic and comprehensive definition. We try to enhance its present definitions especially by putting emphasis on the dynamics of nature (the dynamics of natural processes). We define current ecology as the science dealing with the structure, dynamics and functions of nature including evolution, where structure involves the distribution and abundance of individual organisms, habitats and ecosystems; dynamics include all the aspects of their life trajectories and cycles, including growth, development, reproduction or renewal, interactions and their changes, the cycling of matter, flows of energy and information and their transformations; and functions involve the properties, traits and niches of individual organisms and species in an ecosystem, as well as the properties and niches of ecosystems in the landscape, ecoregion or in the whole Earth system. |
Karlin, Marcos Sebastián; Arnulphi, Sebastián Abel; Salazar, Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 9-24, 2021. @article{Karlin2021, title = {Mid-term changes in the physiognomy of plant communities and functional plant groups define successional pathways of mountain vegetation in the province of Córdoba (Argentina)}, author = {Marcos Sebastián Karlin and Sebastián Abel Arnulphi and Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Salazar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0002}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {9-24}, abstract = {To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups. |
Blaženec, Miroslav; Majdák, Andrej; Jakuš, Rastislav Improvement of Ips typographus catches in pheromone trap barriers by altering of sex assigned pheromone blends Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 25-34, 2021. @article{Blaženec2021, title = {Improvement of Ips typographus catches in pheromone trap barriers by altering of sex assigned pheromone blends}, author = {Miroslav Blaženec and Andrej Majdák and Rastislav Jakuš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0003}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {25-34}, abstract = {The present study was based on the idea of a pheromone trap barrier with alternating dispensers releasing different pheromone mixtures that affect males and females differently. We tested the possibility of increasing the catch efficacy of pheromone trap barriers by altering the pheromone mixture with low levels of cis-Verbenol (cV, targeting males, BM), the mixture with high levels of cV (targeting females, BF) and the pheromone mixture with intermediate levels of cV (SL). In addition, we were interested in lowering the dispersion of attracted bark beetles, especially males, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. Significant highest absolute and relative catch was found in the catch of the combination BM–BF, which was 2.2-fold higher than the catch of the control barrier treated with commercial IT Ecolure baits (Fytofarm, Slovakia). At the same time, the lowest dispersal in the surroundings of the barrier with the combination BM–BF was found, which was 2.5-fold lower than in the control barrier. The performance of the BM–BF combination of mixtures was proved in a field trial experiment where the total season catch of the part of the barrier treated with BM–BF dispensers caught 1.5-fold more beetles during the season than the control part treated with IT Ecolure dispensers. Furthermore, the results confirm that the performance of the combination of low levels of cV (targeting males) and high levels of cV (targeting females) is complemented by the desired reduced dispersion around the barrier, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study was based on the idea of a pheromone trap barrier with alternating dispensers releasing different pheromone mixtures that affect males and females differently. We tested the possibility of increasing the catch efficacy of pheromone trap barriers by altering the pheromone mixture with low levels of cis-Verbenol (cV, targeting males, BM), the mixture with high levels of cV (targeting females, BF) and the pheromone mixture with intermediate levels of cV (SL). In addition, we were interested in lowering the dispersion of attracted bark beetles, especially males, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. Significant highest absolute and relative catch was found in the catch of the combination BM–BF, which was 2.2-fold higher than the catch of the control barrier treated with commercial IT Ecolure baits (Fytofarm, Slovakia). At the same time, the lowest dispersal in the surroundings of the barrier with the combination BM–BF was found, which was 2.5-fold lower than in the control barrier. The performance of the BM–BF combination of mixtures was proved in a field trial experiment where the total season catch of the part of the barrier treated with BM–BF dispensers caught 1.5-fold more beetles during the season than the control part treated with IT Ecolure dispensers. Furthermore, the results confirm that the performance of the combination of low levels of cV (targeting males) and high levels of cV (targeting females) is complemented by the desired reduced dispersion around the barrier, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis Arsenic in forests – a short review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 35-41, 2021. @article{Michopoulos2021, title = {Arsenic in forests – a short review}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0004}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {35-41}, abstract = {The inputs of As in forest ecosystems have declined since the eighties when the higher concentrations of that metalloid were observed due to industrial activities. The As inputs to the forest floor include throughfall and litterfall where dry deposition is an appreciable percentage. This is manifested by the higher As concentration in older needles of conifers and the enrichment of throughfall relative to the bulk deposition. The throughfall and the forest floor convert the inorganic As into methylated organic As and in this way reduce its toxicity. In unpolluted forests the vast percentage of As is retained in soils because the oxides of Fe and Al are very efficient holders. In polluted forested soils the As can become mobile and enrich the surface runoff waters approaching even the threshold value set by the World Health Organization. For this reason forest soils with high concentration of As due to former high loads should be monitored.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The inputs of As in forest ecosystems have declined since the eighties when the higher concentrations of that metalloid were observed due to industrial activities. The As inputs to the forest floor include throughfall and litterfall where dry deposition is an appreciable percentage. This is manifested by the higher As concentration in older needles of conifers and the enrichment of throughfall relative to the bulk deposition. The throughfall and the forest floor convert the inorganic As into methylated organic As and in this way reduce its toxicity. In unpolluted forests the vast percentage of As is retained in soils because the oxides of Fe and Al are very efficient holders. In polluted forested soils the As can become mobile and enrich the surface runoff waters approaching even the threshold value set by the World Health Organization. For this reason forest soils with high concentration of As due to former high loads should be monitored. |
Boyko, Olexandra; Brygadyrenko, Viktor Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 42-48, 2021. @article{Boyko2021, title = {Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants}, author = {Olexandra Boyko and Viktor Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0005}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {42-48}, abstract = {We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3. |
Dadach, Mohammed; Mehdadi, Zoheir Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 49-54, 2021. @article{Dadach2021, title = {Drought tolerance of three ethnomedicinal shrubs evaluated based on their seed germination rates at different drought levels induced by using polyethylene glycol (PEG_{6000})}, author = {Mohammed Dadach and Zoheir Mehdadi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0006}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, abstract = {Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Alhamd, Abdulrahman S; Naqvi, Summar A; Eissa, Mamdouh A Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 55-62, 2021. @article{Shareef2021, title = {Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Abdulrahman S. Alhamd and Summar A. Naqvi and Mamdouh A. Eissa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {55-62}, abstract = {The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention. |
Vysotska, Natalia; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Kobets, Oleksii White poplar (Populus alba L.) stands in Ukraine: the current state, growth specificities and prospects of using for forest plantations Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 63-72, 2021. @article{Vysotska2021, title = {White poplar (Populus alba L.) stands in Ukraine: the current state, growth specificities and prospects of using for forest plantations}, author = {Natalia Vysotska and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oleksii Kobets}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0008}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {63-72}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess the current state and evaluate the productivity of white poplar stands by natural zones within Ukraine and to define the prospects for their use for plantation forest cultivation. The objects of the study were white poplar stands in Ukrainian forests grown on the area of more than 7,600 hectares in various natural zones, namely Polissya (forest zone in Ukraine), Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The study was carried out based on the analysis of forest inventory data (Ukrainian forest fund database) containing given stand characteristics such as origin, age, diameter, height, type of forest site conditions, etc. The characteristics were estimated by grouping the plots by age. The growth specificities (dynamics of the main mensuration characteristics) and the productive capacity of the white poplar stands were analyzed based on the developed tables. It was found that white poplar stands are mainly concentrated in Steppe and Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. The stands are of coppice or artificial origin; they grow in moist fairly fertile, fresh fairly fertile and moist fertile sites. The age distribution of the white poplar stands is severely imbalanced due to a significant predominance of stands aged over 40 years in all natural zones within Ukraine. More productive are the white poplar stands growing within Polissya and Forest-Steppe. The developed growth and productivity tables should be used when planning and prioritizing the relevant forestry interventions in white poplar stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to assess the current state and evaluate the productivity of white poplar stands by natural zones within Ukraine and to define the prospects for their use for plantation forest cultivation. The objects of the study were white poplar stands in Ukrainian forests grown on the area of more than 7,600 hectares in various natural zones, namely Polissya (forest zone in Ukraine), Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The study was carried out based on the analysis of forest inventory data (Ukrainian forest fund database) containing given stand characteristics such as origin, age, diameter, height, type of forest site conditions, etc. The characteristics were estimated by grouping the plots by age. The growth specificities (dynamics of the main mensuration characteristics) and the productive capacity of the white poplar stands were analyzed based on the developed tables. It was found that white poplar stands are mainly concentrated in Steppe and Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. The stands are of coppice or artificial origin; they grow in moist fairly fertile, fresh fairly fertile and moist fertile sites. The age distribution of the white poplar stands is severely imbalanced due to a significant predominance of stands aged over 40 years in all natural zones within Ukraine. More productive are the white poplar stands growing within Polissya and Forest-Steppe. The developed growth and productivity tables should be used when planning and prioritizing the relevant forestry interventions in white poplar stands. |
Jakubcsiková, Michaela; Čerevková, Andrea; Renčo, Marek Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 73-81, 2021. @article{Jakubcsiková2021, title = {Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities}, author = {Michaela Jakubcsiková and Andrea Čerevková and Marek Renčo}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0009}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {73-81}, abstract = {The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Al-Tememi, Ibtihaj H; Abdi, Gholamreza Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 82-99, 2021. @article{Shareef2021b, title = {Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Ibtihaj H. Al-Tememi and Gholamreza Abdi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {82-99}, abstract = {Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Determinants of abundance and habitat association of mammals in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 100-109, 2021. @article{Adhikari2021, title = {Determinants of abundance and habitat association of mammals in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0011}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {100-109}, abstract = {Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), the biologically functional corridor, is surrounded by the large human settlements that exploit the corridor where large mammals such as tigers, leopards and their prey such as ungulates, primates, and rhinoceros occur. This study aimed to evaluate major determinants that affect the distribution of large mammals in BCF, Chitwan, Nepal that connects the biologically significant Chitwan National Park with the Mahabharat range. The status and distribution of large mammals along the habitat and disturbance gradients were determined by using 29 line transects (mean length = 4.59 ± 0.38 km) that covered a linear distance of 133.13 km. The chital were the most abundant mammals (density per km2 (D) = 8.9095 ± 1.4570 and encounter rate per km (ER) = 1.49) followed by rhesus monkey (D = 38.896 ± 16.013, ER = 0.28), wild boar (D = 14.814 ± 3.57, ER = 0.62), northern red muntjac (D = 9.6566 ± 2.9514, ER = 0.62) and sambar (D = 5.392 ± 2.319, ER = 0.38). Similarly, the sign encounter rate of tiger and leopard was 0.435 and 0.503 respectively. Habitat types, human disturbances, and coverage of invasive and alien plant species (IAPs) played a key role in the distribution of large mammals. The occurrence of mammals was low nearer to the settlements and roads and coverage of IAPs and more nearer to the water resources. However, degradation of foraging grounds such as grasslands by succession and invasion of alien plant species added more threats to the survival of large mammals. Therefore, such a situation can be improved through the scientific management of forests and grasslands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), the biologically functional corridor, is surrounded by the large human settlements that exploit the corridor where large mammals such as tigers, leopards and their prey such as ungulates, primates, and rhinoceros occur. This study aimed to evaluate major determinants that affect the distribution of large mammals in BCF, Chitwan, Nepal that connects the biologically significant Chitwan National Park with the Mahabharat range. The status and distribution of large mammals along the habitat and disturbance gradients were determined by using 29 line transects (mean length = 4.59 ± 0.38 km) that covered a linear distance of 133.13 km. The chital were the most abundant mammals (density per km2 (D) = 8.9095 ± 1.4570 and encounter rate per km (ER) = 1.49) followed by rhesus monkey (D = 38.896 ± 16.013, ER = 0.28), wild boar (D = 14.814 ± 3.57, ER = 0.62), northern red muntjac (D = 9.6566 ± 2.9514, ER = 0.62) and sambar (D = 5.392 ± 2.319, ER = 0.38). Similarly, the sign encounter rate of tiger and leopard was 0.435 and 0.503 respectively. Habitat types, human disturbances, and coverage of invasive and alien plant species (IAPs) played a key role in the distribution of large mammals. The occurrence of mammals was low nearer to the settlements and roads and coverage of IAPs and more nearer to the water resources. However, degradation of foraging grounds such as grasslands by succession and invasion of alien plant species added more threats to the survival of large mammals. Therefore, such a situation can be improved through the scientific management of forests and grasslands. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed; Ali, Abdulminam Hussian Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 110-117, 2021. @article{Al-Mayahi2021, title = {Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv.}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi and Abdulminam Hussian Ali}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0012}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {110-117}, abstract = {Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952. |
➤ Volume 47(2) 2020 - Special issue: Invasive species in forest, agricultural and urban ecosystems
Zach, Peter; Holecová, Milada; Brabec, Marek; Hollá, Katarína; Šebestová, Miroslava; Martinková, Zdenka; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Honěk, Alois; Nedvěd, Oldřich; Holec, Juraj; Brown, Peter M J; Saniga, Miroslav; Jauschová, Terézia; Kulfan, Ján Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 81–88, 2020. @article{Zach2020, title = {Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird}, author = {Peter Zach and Milada Holecová and Marek Brabec and Katarína Hollá and Miroslava Šebestová and Zdenka Martinková and Jiří Skuhrovec and Alois Honěk and Oldřich Nedvěd and Juraj Holec and Peter M.J. Brown and Miroslav Saniga and Terézia Jauschová and Ján Kulfan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0010}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {81–88}, abstract = {Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe. |
Urban, Peter; Guimarães, Nuno; Bučko, Jozef Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 89–99, 2020. @article{Urban2020b, title = {Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context}, author = {Peter Urban and Nuno Guimarães and Jozef Bučko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0011}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {89–99}, abstract = {This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species. |
Slezák, Michal; Farkašovská, Štefánia; Hrivnák, Richard Non-native plant species in alder-dominated forests in Slovakia: what does the regional- and the local-scale approach bring? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 100–108, 2020. @article{Slezák2020, title = {Non-native plant species in alder-dominated forests in Slovakia: what does the regional- and the local-scale approach bring?}, author = {Michal Slezák and Štefánia Farkašovská and Richard Hrivnák}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0012}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {100–108}, abstract = {European riparian forests are in general susceptible to plant invasions compared to other natural forest habitats. Their descriptive vegetation overviews with phytosociological affiliation contain detail insight into species composition patterns at various geographical scales, but quantitative assessment of the relationship between non-native plant richness and measured environmental variables is still scarce. We used two vegetation datasets of alder-dominated forests to analyse plant invasion patterns in the Pannonian and the Carpathian region of Slovakia. A large dataset of 918 vegetation plots was used at the regional scale, whereas 40 vegetation plots completed by ecological (mainly soil, climatic) predictors were used at the local scale in order to determine how they shape non-native species richness. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Pannonian and the Carpathian region in the number of non-native vascular plants at both scales, with altitude being the most important predictor. Generalized Linear Models accounted for 56.6% and 59.6% of alien species richness data in the Pannonian and Carpathian region, respectively. Alien richness was affected by altitude and soil pH in the Pannonian region, but only by altitude in the Carpathian region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } European riparian forests are in general susceptible to plant invasions compared to other natural forest habitats. Their descriptive vegetation overviews with phytosociological affiliation contain detail insight into species composition patterns at various geographical scales, but quantitative assessment of the relationship between non-native plant richness and measured environmental variables is still scarce. We used two vegetation datasets of alder-dominated forests to analyse plant invasion patterns in the Pannonian and the Carpathian region of Slovakia. A large dataset of 918 vegetation plots was used at the regional scale, whereas 40 vegetation plots completed by ecological (mainly soil, climatic) predictors were used at the local scale in order to determine how they shape non-native species richness. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Pannonian and the Carpathian region in the number of non-native vascular plants at both scales, with altitude being the most important predictor. Generalized Linear Models accounted for 56.6% and 59.6% of alien species richness data in the Pannonian and Carpathian region, respectively. Alien richness was affected by altitude and soil pH in the Pannonian region, but only by altitude in the Carpathian region. |
Supuka, Ján; Tóth, Attila; Bihuňová, Mária; Verešová, Martina; Šinka, Karol Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 109–120, 2020. @article{Supuka2020, title = {Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape}, author = {Ján Supuka and Attila Tóth and Mária Bihuňová and Martina Verešová and Karol Šinka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0013}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {109–120}, abstract = {The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only. |
Ferus, Peter; Hoťka, Peter; Košútová, Dominika; Konôpková, Jana Invasions of alien woody plant taxa across a cluster of villages neighbouring the Mlyňany Arboretum (SW Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 121-130, 2020. @article{Ferus2020, title = {Invasions of alien woody plant taxa across a cluster of villages neighbouring the Mlyňany Arboretum (SW Slovakia)}, author = {Peter Ferus and Peter Hoťka and Dominika Košútová and Jana Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0014}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {121-130}, abstract = {Ornamental plantations in cities and particularly botanical gardens and arboreta are rich sources of alien flora. Mlyňany Arboretum, established in 1892, cultivates 1049 non-native woody plant species on the area of 67 ha. In this work we answered following questions: 1. How many taxa are spontaneously spreading in the arboretum and how is the spreading intensity related to their ecological demands and reproduction traits? 2. How many taxa appear behind the fence? 3. How far from the arboretum they can get? 4. Do private gardens and historical aristocratic park in the studied village cluster contribute to species escapes from culture? 5. Which from the widely spread taxa can represent future risk of invasiveness on the national level? We found that about one tenth of taxa spread across the arboretum (particularly Cotoneaster spp., Prunus laurocerasus, P. serotina and Quercus rubra) and number of their seedlings corresponded only with the mother plant number. Almost one third of these species left the arboretum and their seedlings were observed in distance up to 500 m from the village (mainly Mahonia aquifolium, P. serotina). Private gardens were a large source of Juglans regia seedlings, frequency of which decreased with the distance from villages (no species escaped from the historical park). Weed risk assessment revealed potential invasion danger only for Amorpha fruticosa.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ornamental plantations in cities and particularly botanical gardens and arboreta are rich sources of alien flora. Mlyňany Arboretum, established in 1892, cultivates 1049 non-native woody plant species on the area of 67 ha. In this work we answered following questions: 1. How many taxa are spontaneously spreading in the arboretum and how is the spreading intensity related to their ecological demands and reproduction traits? 2. How many taxa appear behind the fence? 3. How far from the arboretum they can get? 4. Do private gardens and historical aristocratic park in the studied village cluster contribute to species escapes from culture? 5. Which from the widely spread taxa can represent future risk of invasiveness on the national level? We found that about one tenth of taxa spread across the arboretum (particularly Cotoneaster spp., Prunus laurocerasus, P. serotina and Quercus rubra) and number of their seedlings corresponded only with the mother plant number. Almost one third of these species left the arboretum and their seedlings were observed in distance up to 500 m from the village (mainly Mahonia aquifolium, P. serotina). Private gardens were a large source of Juglans regia seedlings, frequency of which decreased with the distance from villages (no species escaped from the historical park). Weed risk assessment revealed potential invasion danger only for Amorpha fruticosa. |
Paulin, Márton; Hirka, Anikó; Eötvös, Csaba Béla; Gáspár, Csaba; Fürjes-Mikó, Ágnes; Csóka, György Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 131-139, 2020. @article{Paulin2020, title = {Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review}, author = {Márton Paulin and Anikó Hirka and Csaba Béla Eötvös and Csaba Gáspár and Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó and György Csóka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0015}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {131-139}, abstract = {The North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB. |
Kovács, Gabriella Enikő; Nagy, Antal; Radócz, László; Szarukán, István Appearance of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) on sweet chestnut in Hungary (Heteroptera: Tingidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 140-143, 2020. @article{Kovács2020, title = {Appearance of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) on sweet chestnut in Hungary (Heteroptera: Tingidae)}, author = {Gabriella Enikő Kovács and Antal Nagy and László Radócz and István Szarukán}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0016}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {140-143}, abstract = {Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) has caused increasing damage throughout Europe since its appearance in 2000. In Hungary, it has become a dangerous pest of Quercus species in recent years. They frequently appear on ornamental and fruit trees, either, but this type of damage is not significant. Castanea species are known as their common host plants in their native area, but in Europe, it was detected only in Bulgaria. In this paper, we provide the first record of oak lace bug on sweet chestnut (C. sativa) in Hungary, which represents only the second European data on Castanea species. The pest was found in Debrecen, East Hungary.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) has caused increasing damage throughout Europe since its appearance in 2000. In Hungary, it has become a dangerous pest of Quercus species in recent years. They frequently appear on ornamental and fruit trees, either, but this type of damage is not significant. Castanea species are known as their common host plants in their native area, but in Europe, it was detected only in Bulgaria. In this paper, we provide the first record of oak lace bug on sweet chestnut (C. sativa) in Hungary, which represents only the second European data on Castanea species. The pest was found in Debrecen, East Hungary. |
Ondrušková, Emília; Ostrovský, Radovan; Jánošíková, Zuzana; Adamčíková, Katarína; Kobza, Marek Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 144-152, 2020. @article{Ondrušková2020b, title = {Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight}, author = {Emília Ondrušková and Radovan Ostrovský and Zuzana Jánošíková and Katarína Adamčíková and Marek Kobza}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0017}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {144-152}, abstract = {Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present. |
Csüllög, Kitti; Tarcali, Gábor Investigation of the mycelial compatibility of Macrophomina phaseolina Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 153-158, 2020. @article{Csüllög2020, title = {Investigation of the mycelial compatibility of Macrophomina phaseolina}, author = {Kitti Csüllög and Gábor Tarcali}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0018}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {153-158}, abstract = {Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is found on all five crop-growing continents. In hot and dry seasons, this fungus is capable of causing considerable damage. In this study, mycelial compatibility of M. phaseolina isolates was investigated. In total the 30 samples collected were tested to examine their compatibility. The sunflower samples examined were collected in 2019 and 2020 in different regions of Hungary (29 isolates) and Slovakia (1 isolate). A total of 465 pairing tests were made with 30 isolates. The results of our examination showed incompatibility in 12 pairings. In our studies, we also measured the size of the microsclerotia of the isolates in order to determine which group they belong to. The diameter of the microsclerotia ranged from 74 to 182 μm. Based on this, microsclerotia belong to group ‘C’, as well as the data of previous studies in Hungary.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is found on all five crop-growing continents. In hot and dry seasons, this fungus is capable of causing considerable damage. In this study, mycelial compatibility of M. phaseolina isolates was investigated. In total the 30 samples collected were tested to examine their compatibility. The sunflower samples examined were collected in 2019 and 2020 in different regions of Hungary (29 isolates) and Slovakia (1 isolate). A total of 465 pairing tests were made with 30 isolates. The results of our examination showed incompatibility in 12 pairings. In our studies, we also measured the size of the microsclerotia of the isolates in order to determine which group they belong to. The diameter of the microsclerotia ranged from 74 to 182 μm. Based on this, microsclerotia belong to group ‘C’, as well as the data of previous studies in Hungary. |
Prokopuk, Mariana; Zub, Lesya Urban ecosystems as locations of distribution of alien aquatic plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 159-167, 2020. @article{Prokopuk2020, title = {Urban ecosystems as locations of distribution of alien aquatic plants}, author = {Mariana Prokopuk and Lesya Zub}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0019}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {159-167}, abstract = {Peculiarities of alien macrophytes invasions into aquatic ecosystems located at urban landscapes were investigated on an example of water bodies, rivers and streams located within the Kyiv City (Ukraine). There have been recognised seven species of alien aquatic macrophytes established at the territory of Kyiv City, representing 11% of the hydrophilic flora of the city. The representatives of the recent invasions Egeria densa, Elodea nuttallii and Pistia stratiotes in comparison with Elodea сanadensis were characterized by a wider ecological valence concerning the contents of nitrogen compounds in water. Significant variability of morphometric parameters of coenopopulations of alien species formed in different environmental conditions was recognised. There was observed that the individuals of Pistia stratiotes from eutrophic water bodies formed significantly larger surface organs, and the individuals from meso-eutrophic reservoir had a larger number of leaves in the rosette, and more numerous and longer roots. The alien macrophytes species dwelling in the water bodies of the city were characterized by wide ecological amplitudes, high stress tolerance, high reproduction rate, high naturalization degree, allowing these species to use the resources of their new environment inaccessible for the local species and significantly affecting the ecosystem homeostasis and transformation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Peculiarities of alien macrophytes invasions into aquatic ecosystems located at urban landscapes were investigated on an example of water bodies, rivers and streams located within the Kyiv City (Ukraine). There have been recognised seven species of alien aquatic macrophytes established at the territory of Kyiv City, representing 11% of the hydrophilic flora of the city. The representatives of the recent invasions Egeria densa, Elodea nuttallii and Pistia stratiotes in comparison with Elodea сanadensis were characterized by a wider ecological valence concerning the contents of nitrogen compounds in water. Significant variability of morphometric parameters of coenopopulations of alien species formed in different environmental conditions was recognised. There was observed that the individuals of Pistia stratiotes from eutrophic water bodies formed significantly larger surface organs, and the individuals from meso-eutrophic reservoir had a larger number of leaves in the rosette, and more numerous and longer roots. The alien macrophytes species dwelling in the water bodies of the city were characterized by wide ecological amplitudes, high stress tolerance, high reproduction rate, high naturalization degree, allowing these species to use the resources of their new environment inaccessible for the local species and significantly affecting the ecosystem homeostasis and transformation. |
Grigorescu, Ines; Kucsicsa, Gheorghe; Dumitrașcu, Monica; Doroftei, Mihai Invasive terrestrial plant species in the Romanian protected areas. A review of the geographical aspects Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 168-177, 2020. @article{Grigorescu2020, title = {Invasive terrestrial plant species in the Romanian protected areas. A review of the geographical aspects}, author = {Ines Grigorescu and Gheorghe Kucsicsa and Monica Dumitrașcu and Mihai Doroftei}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0020}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {168-177}, abstract = {Geographical factors play an essential role in the occurrence and spread of invasive species worldwide, and their particular analysis at regional and local scales becomes important in understanding species development patterns. The present paper discusses the relationships between some key geographical factors and the Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species (ITPS) distribution, and their environmental implications in a few protected areas in Romania. The authors focused their attention on three of the foremost invaders (i.e. Amorpha fruticosa, Ailanthus altissima and Fallopia japonica) making use of the information provided by the scientific literature and some illustrative examples developed in the framework of the FP7 enviroGRIDS project. The study is aimed to increase the knowledge of the ITPS and, specifically, to contribute to the geographical understanding of the role played by the driving factors in their distribution and spread in various habitats and ecosystems. The results will further support the control efforts in protected areas where, often, valuable native species are at risk of being replaced by non-native species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Geographical factors play an essential role in the occurrence and spread of invasive species worldwide, and their particular analysis at regional and local scales becomes important in understanding species development patterns. The present paper discusses the relationships between some key geographical factors and the Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species (ITPS) distribution, and their environmental implications in a few protected areas in Romania. The authors focused their attention on three of the foremost invaders (i.e. Amorpha fruticosa, Ailanthus altissima and Fallopia japonica) making use of the information provided by the scientific literature and some illustrative examples developed in the framework of the FP7 enviroGRIDS project. The study is aimed to increase the knowledge of the ITPS and, specifically, to contribute to the geographical understanding of the role played by the driving factors in their distribution and spread in various habitats and ecosystems. The results will further support the control efforts in protected areas where, often, valuable native species are at risk of being replaced by non-native species. |
Csiszár, Ágnes; Kézdy, Pál; Korda, Márton; Bartha, Dénes Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 178-191, 2020. @article{Csiszár2020, title = {Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe}, author = {Ágnes Csiszár and Pál Kézdy and Márton Korda and Dénes Bartha}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0021}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {178-191}, abstract = {A questionnaire survey was carried out to examine the problems caused by invasive alien species (IAS) in Hungarian protected areas (PAs). Results from 144 PAs were evaluated and compared with a previous study of 21 European countries. In the European survey, the most important threats were habitat loss and fragmentation, Hungarian respondents put IAS in first place. Eradication, control and prevention were mentioned among the best strategies against invasive species in both surveys, but Hungarian PA managers emphasized the efficiency of habitat restoration and regulatory as well. Comparing the harmful animals and plants occurring in most Hungarian and European PAs, we found nearly 30% similarity. In most Hungarian PAs domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were indicated as most harmful species. The results of our study draw the attention to the species, which are highly invasive in Hungary, but are missing from the European PAs list, therefore may pose a potential threat to other protected areas of Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A questionnaire survey was carried out to examine the problems caused by invasive alien species (IAS) in Hungarian protected areas (PAs). Results from 144 PAs were evaluated and compared with a previous study of 21 European countries. In the European survey, the most important threats were habitat loss and fragmentation, Hungarian respondents put IAS in first place. Eradication, control and prevention were mentioned among the best strategies against invasive species in both surveys, but Hungarian PA managers emphasized the efficiency of habitat restoration and regulatory as well. Comparing the harmful animals and plants occurring in most Hungarian and European PAs, we found nearly 30% similarity. In most Hungarian PAs domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were indicated as most harmful species. The results of our study draw the attention to the species, which are highly invasive in Hungary, but are missing from the European PAs list, therefore may pose a potential threat to other protected areas of Europe. |
➤ Volume 47(1) 2020
Barna, Milan; Ferezliev, Angel; Tsakov, Hristo; Mihál, Ivan Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in windthrow areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes Journal Article 47 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Barna2020, title = {Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in windthrow areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes}, author = {Milan Barna and Angel Ferezliev and Hristo Tsakov and Ivan Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems. |
di Bagno, Ermellina; Battisti, Corrado; Zullo, Francesco; Amori, Giovanni Applying abundance/biomass comparison curves to small mammals: a weak tool for detect urbanization-related stress in the assemblages? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 10-15, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{diBagno2020, title = {Applying abundance/biomass comparison curves to small mammals: a weak tool for detect urbanization-related stress in the assemblages?}, author = {Ermellina di Bagno and Corrado Battisti and Francesco Zullo and Giovanni Amori}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0002.pdf}, doi = {0.2478/foecol-2020-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {10-15}, abstract = {Urbanization is a form of pervasive human-induced disturbance. We tested the effectiveness of Abundance/Biomass Comparisons (ABC) as an approach in detecting stress due to landscape urbanization in large small mammal assemblages obtained from pellets of Barn Owl (Tyto alba; Strigiformes). We compared three assemblages sampled in not urbanized contexts (agro-mosaic landscapes) with three assemblages preyed in highly urbanized contexts. In all assemblages, the role of strictly synanthropic species (in our case: rodents) emerged since almost all of total biomass was assigned to these species: indeed, everywhere (both in agro-mosaic and urbanized sites) species of low trophic level (i.e. omnivorous/herbivorous rodents) significantly prevail in biomass when compared to insectivorous species (i.e. shrews, Soricomorpha) linked to less anthropized habitats. This biomass dominance in rodent species is highlighted by the data on evenness, showing lower values in biomass when compared to abundance. This pattern did not match with the classic assumption expressed by the ABC model (i.e., species with higher biomass are typical of undisturbed assemblage) and could be wrongly interpreted. Our study evidenced as ABC approach is a not reliable tool to detect the effect of urbanization as landscape disturbance acting on small mammal assemblages. Therefore we suggest that the ABC assumptions are not universal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Urbanization is a form of pervasive human-induced disturbance. We tested the effectiveness of Abundance/Biomass Comparisons (ABC) as an approach in detecting stress due to landscape urbanization in large small mammal assemblages obtained from pellets of Barn Owl (Tyto alba; Strigiformes). We compared three assemblages sampled in not urbanized contexts (agro-mosaic landscapes) with three assemblages preyed in highly urbanized contexts. In all assemblages, the role of strictly synanthropic species (in our case: rodents) emerged since almost all of total biomass was assigned to these species: indeed, everywhere (both in agro-mosaic and urbanized sites) species of low trophic level (i.e. omnivorous/herbivorous rodents) significantly prevail in biomass when compared to insectivorous species (i.e. shrews, Soricomorpha) linked to less anthropized habitats. This biomass dominance in rodent species is highlighted by the data on evenness, showing lower values in biomass when compared to abundance. This pattern did not match with the classic assumption expressed by the ABC model (i.e., species with higher biomass are typical of undisturbed assemblage) and could be wrongly interpreted. Our study evidenced as ABC approach is a not reliable tool to detect the effect of urbanization as landscape disturbance acting on small mammal assemblages. Therefore we suggest that the ABC assumptions are not universal |
Račko, Vladimír; Mihál, Ivan; Mišíková, Oľga Beech bark disease in Slovakia related to fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. and the anatomy of necrotised bark and wood: a brief review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 16-22, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Račko2020, title = {Beech bark disease in Slovakia related to fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. and the anatomy of necrotised bark and wood: a brief review}, author = {Vladimír Račko and Ivan Mihál and Oľga Mišíková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {16-22}, abstract = {This short review summarises the history and current knowledge regarding beech bark disease (BBD) in Slovakia. Moreover, the results of ongoing long-term disease monitoring are summarised. The article also provides a list of the 29 Nectria s.l. species found to date in Slovakia, complete with information about their occurrence on host tree species. Above all, we highlight the need for histopathological research on beech tissues attacked by different Nectria spp. Notably, neither the defensive response mechanisms of host cellular tissues at the anatomical and biochemical levels nor the strategy of decomposition by different pathogens have been explored in beech.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This short review summarises the history and current knowledge regarding beech bark disease (BBD) in Slovakia. Moreover, the results of ongoing long-term disease monitoring are summarised. The article also provides a list of the 29 Nectria s.l. species found to date in Slovakia, complete with information about their occurrence on host tree species. Above all, we highlight the need for histopathological research on beech tissues attacked by different Nectria spp. Notably, neither the defensive response mechanisms of host cellular tissues at the anatomical and biochemical levels nor the strategy of decomposition by different pathogens have been explored in beech. |
Komlyk, Viktoriia; Brygadyrenko, Viktor Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 23-33, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Komlyk2020, title = {Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity}, author = {Viktoriia Komlyk and Viktor Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {23-33}, abstract = {This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research. |
Konôpková, Jana; Košútová, Dominika; Ferus, Peter Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 34-44, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Konôpková2020, title = {Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa}, author = {Jana Konôpková and Dominika Košútová and Peter Ferus}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0005}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {34-44}, abstract = {The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra', M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Lennei', and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana 'Lennei' proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l–1 of BAP and 1.0 g l–1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra', M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Lennei', and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana 'Lennei' proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l–1 of BAP and 1.0 g l–1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Abdi, Gholamreza; Fahad, Shah Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 45-51, 2020. @article{Shareef2020, title = {Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Gholamreza Abdi and Shah Fahad}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0006}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {45-51}, abstract = {Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor. |
Berisha, Naim; Krasniqi, Elez; Millaku, Fadil A quantitative approach for conservation of endangered and endemic plants from Kosovo, SE Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 52-63, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Berisha2020, title = {A quantitative approach for conservation of endangered and endemic plants from Kosovo, SE Europe}, author = {Naim Berisha and Elez Krasniqi and Fadil Millaku}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0007}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {52-63}, abstract = {Basic patterns of most priority biodiversity areas of Kosovo that shall be considered for conservation studies are offered here. On this work, all plant taxa that are included in the Kosovarian Red list are analysed and their analogy is interpreted to conservation priority hotspots. Kosovo represents an important centre for Balkan biodiversity; therefore a quantitative evaluation of the importance of different priority areas for conserving plant diversity of Kosovo is very much needed. This study provides a detailed quantitative approach concerning the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, using threatened and endangered plant taxa in well-known grid squares system. Used grid squares (20 × 20 km) were classified into four different groups in terms of their conservation importance. Valuation factors taken into account are IUCN based risk category, endemism as well as ecological and distributional attributes. The results indicated that there are four grid squares – D4 (0.4300), G7 (0.3910), G8 (0.2750) and E4 (0.2860), that have remarkable conservation importance. These grid squares are all located along mostly high-elevation areas of two National Parks in Kosovo. These national scale data should prove to be very appropriate and easy to follow evidence for environmental decision-making bodies as well as be used for further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Basic patterns of most priority biodiversity areas of Kosovo that shall be considered for conservation studies are offered here. On this work, all plant taxa that are included in the Kosovarian Red list are analysed and their analogy is interpreted to conservation priority hotspots. Kosovo represents an important centre for Balkan biodiversity; therefore a quantitative evaluation of the importance of different priority areas for conserving plant diversity of Kosovo is very much needed. This study provides a detailed quantitative approach concerning the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, using threatened and endangered plant taxa in well-known grid squares system. Used grid squares (20 × 20 km) were classified into four different groups in terms of their conservation importance. Valuation factors taken into account are IUCN based risk category, endemism as well as ecological and distributional attributes. The results indicated that there are four grid squares – D4 (0.4300), G7 (0.3910), G8 (0.2750) and E4 (0.2860), that have remarkable conservation importance. These grid squares are all located along mostly high-elevation areas of two National Parks in Kosovo. These national scale data should prove to be very appropriate and easy to follow evidence for environmental decision-making bodies as well as be used for further research. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed; Jafar, Osama Nazim; Mohsen, Khaun Ali Effect of glutathione (GSH) on Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 64-69, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Al-Mayahi2020, title = {Effect of glutathione (GSH) on Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi and Osama Nazim Jafar and Khaun Ali Mohsen}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0008}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {64-69}, abstract = {The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of glutathione (GSH: levels 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication and phytochemicals of in vitro shoots of the Date palm cv. Barhee. The optimum concentration of GSH was 1.0 mM. Such concentration improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 312.0 mg, the addition of this substance of the same concentration level showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (73.34 ± 2.69 and 8.83 ± 0.80 shoots/jar, respectively). Also, the 1.0 GSH application resulted in reducing the percentage of browning to 0.0 compared to the other concentrations. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that treatments GSH of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM reduced the total soluble phenols compound (TSPC). These treatments were also more effectively reducing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity than the concentrations of 2 mM or 0 (control treatment).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of glutathione (GSH: levels 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication and phytochemicals of in vitro shoots of the Date palm cv. Barhee. The optimum concentration of GSH was 1.0 mM. Such concentration improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 312.0 mg, the addition of this substance of the same concentration level showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (73.34 ± 2.69 and 8.83 ± 0.80 shoots/jar, respectively). Also, the 1.0 GSH application resulted in reducing the percentage of browning to 0.0 compared to the other concentrations. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that treatments GSH of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM reduced the total soluble phenols compound (TSPC). These treatments were also more effectively reducing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity than the concentrations of 2 mM or 0 (control treatment). |
Tkach, Viktor; Bondar, Oleksandr; Rumiantsev, Maksym Pedunculate oak stands in the catchments of the river Vorskla’s tributaries Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 70-80, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tkach2020, title = {Pedunculate oak stands in the catchments of the river Vorskla’s tributaries}, author = {Viktor Tkach and Oleksandr Bondar and Maksym Rumiantsev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0009}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {70-80}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to analyze the origin of oak stands within the catchments of the Vorskla’s tributaries and to describe their state. Covering 60,900 ha, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands prevail and cover 51.1% of the total forest area of 119,200 ha in the catchment areas of the River Vorskla’s tributaries. The way oak stands are distributed in regards to trophotopes points at favourable conditions for their growth, as 81.7% of the area is a fresh fertile oak forest site type. Forest stands aged 41–80 years (39.8 % of the total area) and 81–120 years (50.4%) are prevailing. Natural oak stands cover almost 66.5% and planted ones grow at 33.5%. Distribution of oak stands in regards to the functional categories of forests shows a significant predominance of the protective forests. They cover 46.6% of the total area. The commercial forests cover 23.0%, the recreational ones make 18.8% and the forests with conservational, academic, historical and cultural purpose cover 11.6 %. Distribution patterns of oak forests in the catchments of the River Vorskla’s tributaries should be considered in the forest management in order to conserve their biodiversity and enhancing the performance of important environmental, protective, recreational and other functions. The article contains results of the study on the natural regeneration of Quercus robur and other wood species under the canopy of oak stands and on felling sites. The further research perspectives are a thorough study of the stand characteristics and the typological structure of forests in terms of certain wood species in the catchments of rivers all over Ukraine. It will help developing principles for the catchment and landscape zonation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to analyze the origin of oak stands within the catchments of the Vorskla’s tributaries and to describe their state. Covering 60,900 ha, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands prevail and cover 51.1% of the total forest area of 119,200 ha in the catchment areas of the River Vorskla’s tributaries. The way oak stands are distributed in regards to trophotopes points at favourable conditions for their growth, as 81.7% of the area is a fresh fertile oak forest site type. Forest stands aged 41–80 years (39.8 % of the total area) and 81–120 years (50.4%) are prevailing. Natural oak stands cover almost 66.5% and planted ones grow at 33.5%. Distribution of oak stands in regards to the functional categories of forests shows a significant predominance of the protective forests. They cover 46.6% of the total area. The commercial forests cover 23.0%, the recreational ones make 18.8% and the forests with conservational, academic, historical and cultural purpose cover 11.6 %. Distribution patterns of oak forests in the catchments of the River Vorskla’s tributaries should be considered in the forest management in order to conserve their biodiversity and enhancing the performance of important environmental, protective, recreational and other functions. The article contains results of the study on the natural regeneration of Quercus robur and other wood species under the canopy of oak stands and on felling sites. The further research perspectives are a thorough study of the stand characteristics and the typological structure of forests in terms of certain wood species in the catchments of rivers all over Ukraine. It will help developing principles for the catchment and landscape zonation. |
➤ Volume 46(2) 2019
Saisamorn, Apinya; Duengkae, Prateep; Pattanavibool, Anak; Duangchantrasiri, Somphot; Simcharoen, Achara; Smith, James L D Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 73–82, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Saisamorn2019, title = {Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand}, author = {Apinya Saisamorn and Prateep Duengkae and Anak Pattanavibool and Somphot Duangchantrasiri and Achara Simcharoen and James L.D. Smith}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0010}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {73–82}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kulfan, Ján; Sarvašová, Lenka; Parák, Michal; Zach, Peter Effects of a host tree on movement and distribution of winter geometrid moths (Lepidoptera): thickness of trunks and branches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 83–90, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kulfan2019, title = {Effects of a host tree on movement and distribution of winter geometrid moths (Lepidoptera): thickness of trunks and branches}, author = {Ján Kulfan and Lenka Sarvašová and Michal Parák and Peter Zach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0011}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {83–90}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Charaspet, Khwanrutai; Sukmasuang, Ronglarp; Khiowsree, Noraset; Songsasen, Nucharin; Simchareon, Saksit; Duengkae, Prateep Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 91–100, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Charaspet2019, title = {Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand}, author = {Khwanrutai Charaspet and Ronglarp Sukmasuang and Noraset Khiowsree and Nucharin Songsasen and Saksit Simchareon and Prateep Duengkae}, doi = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0003-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {91–100}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Zhukov, Oleksandr V; Kunah, Olga M; Dubinina, Yuliya Y; Fedushko, Marina P; Kotsun, Vadim I; Zhukova, Yuliya O; Potapenko, Olena V Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 101–114, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zhukov2019, title = {Tree canopy affects soil macrofauna spatial patterns on broad- and meso- scale levels in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest in the floodplain of the River Dnipro}, author = {Oleksandr V. Zhukov and Olga M. Kunah and Yuliya Y. Dubinina and Marina P. Fedushko and Vadim I. Kotsun and Yuliya O. Zhukova and Olena V. Potapenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0013}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {101–114}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Nourmohammadi, Kazem; Kartoolinejad, Davoud; Naghdi, Reza; Baskin, Carol C Effects of dormancy-breaking methods on germination of the water- impermeable seeds of Gleditsia caspica (Fabaceae) and seedling growth Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 115–126, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Nourmohammadi2019, title = {Effects of dormancy-breaking methods on germination of the water- impermeable seeds of Gleditsia caspica (Fabaceae) and seedling growth}, author = {Kazem Nourmohammadi and Davoud Kartoolinejad and Reza Naghdi and Carol C. Baskin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0014}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {115–126}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Daskalakou, Evangelia N; Ioannidis, Kostas E Impact of regional climatic conditions on tree growth on mainland Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 127–136, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Koulelis2019, title = {Impact of regional climatic conditions on tree growth on mainland Greece}, author = {Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Evangelia N. Daskalakou and Kostas E. Ioannidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0015}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {127–136}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Baláž, Ivan; Tulis, Filip; Zigová, Martina Differentiation of flea communities of small mammals in selected habitats in the Eastern Tatra Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 137–145, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Baláž2019, title = {Differentiation of flea communities of small mammals in selected habitats in the Eastern Tatra Mts}, author = {Ivan Baláž and Filip Tulis and Martina Zigová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0016}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {137–145}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Fazekašová, Danica; Fazekaš, Juraj Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the conditions of an ecological farming system Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 146–152, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Fazekašová2019, title = {Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the conditions of an ecological farming system}, author = {Danica Fazekašová and Juraj Fazekaš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0008-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0017}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {146–152}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Andrusevych, Kateryna; Zadorozhnaya, Galina Diversity, dynamics and ecological analysis of flora of reclaimed soil Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 153–163, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Andrusevych2019, title = {Diversity, dynamics and ecological analysis of flora of reclaimed soil}, author = {Kateryna Andrusevych and Galina Zadorozhnaya}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0009-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0018}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {153–163}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 164–169, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Al-Mayahi2019, title = {Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0019}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {164–169}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Thapamagar, Tilak; Bhandari, Shivish; Ghimire, Kishor; Bhusal, Daya Ram Threats to endangered musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 170–173, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Thapamagar2019, title = {Threats to endangered musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal}, author = {Tilak Thapamagar and Shivish Bhandari and Kishor Ghimire and Daya Ram Bhusal}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0020}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {170–173}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
➤ Volume 46(1) 2019
Rabiu, Safianu; Rose, Robert K Demographic response of the Gambian Gerbil to seasonal changes in Savannah fallow fields Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 1-9, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Rabiu2019, title = {Demographic response of the Gambian Gerbil to seasonal changes in Savannah fallow fields}, author = {Safianu Rabiu and Robert K. Rose}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2019-0001.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {The Savannah gerbil, Gerbilliscus gambianus (Muridae: Gerbillinae) is important to the ecological relations of the dry grassland ecosystem of West Africa, as well as, being a zoonotic agent of human diseases and potential crop pest. We examined the impact of seasonal changes on the population dynamics of G. gambianus in northern Nigeria, by completing population estimates using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) and indirect population density indices (PDI) methods. The latter included fecal pellet counts and limited spotlightening. During 1990–1992 we collected both CMR and PDI data, and established their relationship by regression, thus calibrating the PDI values to CMR estimator. We also completed a separate, PDI only, study during 2015–2017, and estimated monthly densities indirectly by toning the PDI values to population sizes in the CMR estimator. The lowest declines (<20 gerbils ha –1 ) were in mid rains (July–August), and highest increases (>90 gerbils ha –1 ) were after the rains (October–January). Seasonal effects on densities were significant during 1990–1992 but not during 2015–2017. There were improved survival rates for both adults (0.95) and young (0.83), adult capture probability (0.56), and mean monthly recruitment of young (23) after the rains. There was no significant change in the overall population dynamic pattern of G. gambianus over a 25-year period. Because G. gambianus did not maintain colonies inside farmlands cultivated by rain or irrigation, and its tendency for large population drops in mid-rains, we are in doubt of its potential as crop pest in northern Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Savannah gerbil, Gerbilliscus gambianus (Muridae: Gerbillinae) is important to the ecological relations of the dry grassland ecosystem of West Africa, as well as, being a zoonotic agent of human diseases and potential crop pest. We examined the impact of seasonal changes on the population dynamics of G. gambianus in northern Nigeria, by completing population estimates using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) and indirect population density indices (PDI) methods. The latter included fecal pellet counts and limited spotlightening. During 1990–1992 we collected both CMR and PDI data, and established their relationship by regression, thus calibrating the PDI values to CMR estimator. We also completed a separate, PDI only, study during 2015–2017, and estimated monthly densities indirectly by toning the PDI values to population sizes in the CMR estimator. The lowest declines (<20 gerbils ha –1 ) were in mid rains (July–August), and highest increases (>90 gerbils ha –1 ) were after the rains (October–January). Seasonal effects on densities were significant during 1990–1992 but not during 2015–2017. There were improved survival rates for both adults (0.95) and young (0.83), adult capture probability (0.56), and mean monthly recruitment of young (23) after the rains. There was no significant change in the overall population dynamic pattern of G. gambianus over a 25-year period. Because G. gambianus did not maintain colonies inside farmlands cultivated by rain or irrigation, and its tendency for large population drops in mid-rains, we are in doubt of its potential as crop pest in northern Nigeria. |
Stašiov, Slavomir; Svitok, Marek The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 10-15, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Stašiov2019, title = {The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest}, author = {Slavomir Stašiov and Marek Svitok}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0002.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {10-15}, abstract = {Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests. |
Kavan, Jan; Anděrová, Veronika Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 16-23, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kavan2019, title = {Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions}, author = {Jan Kavan and Veronika Anděrová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0003.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {16-23}, abstract = {A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature). |
Mirzaei, Mehrdad; Bonyad, Amir Eslam; Emamgheysi, Ismaeil Moradi; Navroodi, Iraj Hassanzad Effects of inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity in semi-arid forests of Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 24-29, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mirzaei2019, title = {Effects of inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity in semi-arid forests of Iran}, author = {Mehrdad Mirzaei and Amir Eslam Bonyad and Ismaeil Moradi Emamgheysi and Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0004.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {24-29}, abstract = {Species diversity is one of the most important indices used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. The sampling method and the number of plots are factors affecting the estimation of plant biodiversity. In the present study, effects of different inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity were compared in semi-arid forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on circular plots (1,000m 2 ) within inventory grids, with dimensions of 50 × 50 m (200 plots), 100 × 50 m (100 plots), 100 × 100 m (50 plots), 200 × 50 m (50 plots), 200 × 100 m (25 plots), and 250 × 200 m (10 plots). For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N 2 ), Shannon-Wiener (H ’ ), Mc Arthur (N 1 ), Smith-Wilson (E var ) and Margalef (R 1 ) indices were used to estimate the tree species diversity. The inventory grid was evaluated based on the precision and cost criteria (E% 2 × T). The obtained sampling error values showed that the inventory grid consisting of 200 plots exhibited more accuracy for estimating the biodiversity indices. But based on the results of E% 2 × T, the inventory grid with 25 plots was selected as the most appropriate one for estimating the tree species diversity in semi-arid forests. The results of this study can also serve to estimate the tree species diversity in other semi-arid forests of Iran.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species diversity is one of the most important indices used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. The sampling method and the number of plots are factors affecting the estimation of plant biodiversity. In the present study, effects of different inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity were compared in semi-arid forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on circular plots (1,000m 2 ) within inventory grids, with dimensions of 50 × 50 m (200 plots), 100 × 50 m (100 plots), 100 × 100 m (50 plots), 200 × 50 m (50 plots), 200 × 100 m (25 plots), and 250 × 200 m (10 plots). For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N 2 ), Shannon-Wiener (H ’ ), Mc Arthur (N 1 ), Smith-Wilson (E var ) and Margalef (R 1 ) indices were used to estimate the tree species diversity. The inventory grid was evaluated based on the precision and cost criteria (E% 2 × T). The obtained sampling error values showed that the inventory grid consisting of 200 plots exhibited more accuracy for estimating the biodiversity indices. But based on the results of E% 2 × T, the inventory grid with 25 plots was selected as the most appropriate one for estimating the tree species diversity in semi-arid forests. The results of this study can also serve to estimate the tree species diversity in other semi-arid forests of Iran. |
Žiarovská, Jana; Ražná, Katarína; Fernandéz, Eloy C; Bošeľová, Danka; Kyseľ, Matúš Habitat-related specifity of iPBS fingerprint in European populations of Hedera helix L. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 30-36, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Žiarovská2019, title = {Habitat-related specifity of iPBS fingerprint in European populations of Hedera helix L.}, author = {Jana Žiarovská and Katarína Ražná and Eloy C. Fernandéz and Danka Bošeľová and Matúš Kyseľ}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019_0005.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {30-36}, abstract = {Inter primer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism was investigated for common ivy (Hedera helix, L.) to obtain the knowledge on genetic diversity in this species. Actually, a very limited information exists about application of DNA markers in Hedera helix. Natural and planted European populations of ivy were analysed using an iPBS marker 5 ́ACCTGGCGTGCCA3 ́ with a total number of 238 fragments generated. Of these, 86% were polymorphic. There were determined certain attributes of this marker such as the diversity index (DI) and polymorphism information content (PIC). The value of the diversity index was 0.79 and the polymorphic information index was 0.78. The proportion of polymorphisms of the individual amplified loci ranged from 0.32% to 6.98%. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the European ivy populations where the distribution in the dendrogram under the habitat specifity was found for the used iPBS marker. We concluded that iPBS was very efficient in analysing the genetic diversity in Hedera helix, L. and that this marker can serve as a suitable tool to find genomically specific fingerprints relevant to the factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Inter primer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism was investigated for common ivy (Hedera helix, L.) to obtain the knowledge on genetic diversity in this species. Actually, a very limited information exists about application of DNA markers in Hedera helix. Natural and planted European populations of ivy were analysed using an iPBS marker 5 ́ACCTGGCGTGCCA3 ́ with a total number of 238 fragments generated. Of these, 86% were polymorphic. There were determined certain attributes of this marker such as the diversity index (DI) and polymorphism information content (PIC). The value of the diversity index was 0.79 and the polymorphic information index was 0.78. The proportion of polymorphisms of the individual amplified loci ranged from 0.32% to 6.98%. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the European ivy populations where the distribution in the dendrogram under the habitat specifity was found for the used iPBS marker. We concluded that iPBS was very efficient in analysing the genetic diversity in Hedera helix, L. and that this marker can serve as a suitable tool to find genomically specific fingerprints relevant to the factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation. |
Martinková, Zdenka; Koprdová, Stanislava; Kulfan, Ján; Zach, Peter; Honěk, Alois Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 37-44, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martinková2019, title = {Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds}, author = {Zdenka Martinková and Stanislava Koprdová and Ján Kulfan and Peter Zach and Alois Honěk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0006.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {37-44}, abstract = {Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species. |
Bijarpasi, Mahboobeh Mohebi; Shahraji, Taymour Rostami; Lahiji, Habiboalah Samizadeh Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 45-53, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bijarpasi2019, title = {Genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in Hyrcanian forests}, author = {Mahboobeh Mohebi Bijarpasi and Taymour Rostami Shahraji and Habiboalah Samizadeh Lahiji}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0007.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {45-53}, abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes. |
Ražná, Katarína; Žiarovská, Jana; Hrubík, Pavel; Batyaneková, Veronika; Vargaová, Angela Ecologically conditioned imprinting of miRNA-based profiles of Ginkgo biloba L. growing in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 54-62, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ražná2019, title = {Ecologically conditioned imprinting of miRNA-based profiles of Ginkgo biloba L. growing in Slovakia}, author = {Katarína Ražná and Jana Žiarovská and Pavel Hrubík and Veronika Batyaneková and Angela Vargaová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0008.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {54-62}, abstract = {Ginkgo biloba L. is characterized by its high level of resistance to climatic conditions, diseases, and pests. In Slovakia, there is a rich collection of genetic resources of ginkgo consisting of 288 trees growing in 103 locations and providing valuable biological material for scientific research. There have been documented 45 trees of ginkgo older than 100 years (ranging from 112 to 242 years of age). Their dendrometrical parameters were recorded. For genomic imprinting, three types of microRNA-based markers were selected; highly conserved gb-miR160, moderately conserved gb-miR482 and the species-specific gb-miR75. The most efficient one can be considered the marker gb-miR482 with its genotype-unique miRNA profiles probably related to this marker functioning in the defence mechanisms of the ginkgo species. Unique miRNA loci were recorded in genomes of young ginkgo trees. We found that, by selecting the appropriate microRNA-based markers, it is possible to characterize the ginkgo genome in the context of microclimatic conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ginkgo biloba L. is characterized by its high level of resistance to climatic conditions, diseases, and pests. In Slovakia, there is a rich collection of genetic resources of ginkgo consisting of 288 trees growing in 103 locations and providing valuable biological material for scientific research. There have been documented 45 trees of ginkgo older than 100 years (ranging from 112 to 242 years of age). Their dendrometrical parameters were recorded. For genomic imprinting, three types of microRNA-based markers were selected; highly conserved gb-miR160, moderately conserved gb-miR482 and the species-specific gb-miR75. The most efficient one can be considered the marker gb-miR482 with its genotype-unique miRNA profiles probably related to this marker functioning in the defence mechanisms of the ginkgo species. Unique miRNA loci were recorded in genomes of young ginkgo trees. We found that, by selecting the appropriate microRNA-based markers, it is possible to characterize the ginkgo genome in the context of microclimatic conditions. |
Duengkae, Prateep; Srikhunmuang, Pongsit; Chaiyes, Aingorn; Suksavate, Warong; Nantachai Pongpattananurak, ; Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Hemachudha, Thiravat Patch metrics of roosting site selection by Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei Andersen, 1908) in a human-dominated landscape in Thailand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 63-73, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Duengkae2019, title = {Patch metrics of roosting site selection by Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei Andersen, 1908) in a human-dominated landscape in Thailand}, author = {Prateep Duengkae and Pongsit Srikhunmuang and Aingorn Chaiyes and Warong Suksavate and Nantachai Pongpattananurak and Supaporn Wacharapluesadee and Thiravat Hemachudha}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0009.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {63-73}, abstract = {The association between patch metrics and roosting site (n = 31) suitability of Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei) in 26 Central Eastern and Western provinces of Thailand was quantified. Land use classes with 90-m resolution were identified based on various vegetation and land cover types to calculate patch metrics using FRAGSTATS. Then, Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) was performed using patch metrics covariates to produce a predictive potential distribution map. The results indicated that patch contiguity (contiguity index, 63.7%), patch area (29.3%), and patch shape complexity (shape index, 5.7%) are the most influential patch metrics, all of which have negative effects on roosting site suitability. In total, 13,222 small patches were considered highly suitable patches, with a mean area of 0.921 ± 0.698 (SD) ha, which accounted for 122,090 ha (2.04%) of the study area. Roosting sites predicted from the model were consistently associated with occurrences of roosting sites observed in temples; such habitats likely provide shelter from external threats for colonies roosting in a human-dominated landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The association between patch metrics and roosting site (n = 31) suitability of Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei) in 26 Central Eastern and Western provinces of Thailand was quantified. Land use classes with 90-m resolution were identified based on various vegetation and land cover types to calculate patch metrics using FRAGSTATS. Then, Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) was performed using patch metrics covariates to produce a predictive potential distribution map. The results indicated that patch contiguity (contiguity index, 63.7%), patch area (29.3%), and patch shape complexity (shape index, 5.7%) are the most influential patch metrics, all of which have negative effects on roosting site suitability. In total, 13,222 small patches were considered highly suitable patches, with a mean area of 0.921 ± 0.698 (SD) ha, which accounted for 122,090 ha (2.04%) of the study area. Roosting sites predicted from the model were consistently associated with occurrences of roosting sites observed in temples; such habitats likely provide shelter from external threats for colonies roosting in a human-dominated landscape. |
➤ Volume 45(2) 2018
Urban, P; Sabo, P; Plesník, J Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 61-71, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Urban2018, title = {Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems}, author = {P. Urban and P. Sabo and J. Plesník}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0001-10.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {61-71}, abstract = {The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important. |
Maltsev, Y; Maltseva, I The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 72-81, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Maltsev2018, title = {The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter}, author = {Y. Maltsev and I. Maltseva}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0002.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {72-81}, abstract = {The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons. |
Sytnyk, S; Lovynska, V; Lakyda, P; Maslikova, K Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 82-91, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Sytnyk2018, title = {Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine}, author = {S. Sytnyk and V. Lovynska and P. Lakyda and K. Maslikova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0003.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {82-91}, abstract = {The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m −3 , ranging from 375 kg m −3 to 612 kg m −3 ; with the average BD – 294 kg m −3 , ranging from 214 kg m −3 to 421 kg m −3 . The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m −3 , ranging from 254 to 491 kg m −3 ; with average BD – 317 kg m −3 , ranging from 178 to 433 kg m −3 . The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m −3 , ranging from 375 kg m −3 to 612 kg m −3 ; with the average BD – 294 kg m −3 , ranging from 214 kg m −3 to 421 kg m −3 . The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m −3 , ranging from 254 to 491 kg m −3 ; with average BD – 317 kg m −3 , ranging from 178 to 433 kg m −3 . The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species. |
Allahnouri, M; Aghbash, F G; Pazhouhan, I Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 92-101, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Allahnouri2018, title = {Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits}, author = {M. Allahnouri and F.G. Aghbash and I. Pazhouhan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0004.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {92-101}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress. |
Vician, V; Kočík, K; Slobodník, B; Svitok, M; Stašiov, S Carabid communities (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in differently managed forage legume stands in the Podpoľanie region (Central Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 102-110, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Vician2018, title = {Carabid communities (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in differently managed forage legume stands in the Podpoľanie region (Central Slovakia)}, author = {V. Vician and K. Kočík and B. Slobodník and M. Svitok and S. Stašiov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0005.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {102-110}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of studies on the communities of Carabids from the land registry area of the Očová village (Podpoľanie region, Central Slovakia). The research was carried out in two consecutive vegetation periods on two different agricultural plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): the first of them (locality Nadhájniková) was managed intensively, and the second one (locality Koteľnice) was characterized by a nature-friendly, low-input agro-environmental management form, without application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. On the studied sites, the observed species composition of Carabidae was similar. Nevertheless, the higher total number of individuals and the higher species richness were typical for the nature-friendly managed plot in Koteľnice. On both plots, the highest abundances were reached in Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius and Pseudoophonus rufipes. On the intensively managed plot in Nadhájniková, however, the abundances of all these species were markedly lower. Our results suggest that the studied component of epigeic fauna finds better ecological conditions on the sites with the nature-friendly management form.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the results of studies on the communities of Carabids from the land registry area of the Očová village (Podpoľanie region, Central Slovakia). The research was carried out in two consecutive vegetation periods on two different agricultural plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): the first of them (locality Nadhájniková) was managed intensively, and the second one (locality Koteľnice) was characterized by a nature-friendly, low-input agro-environmental management form, without application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. On the studied sites, the observed species composition of Carabidae was similar. Nevertheless, the higher total number of individuals and the higher species richness were typical for the nature-friendly managed plot in Koteľnice. On both plots, the highest abundances were reached in Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius and Pseudoophonus rufipes. On the intensively managed plot in Nadhájniková, however, the abundances of all these species were markedly lower. Our results suggest that the studied component of epigeic fauna finds better ecological conditions on the sites with the nature-friendly management form. |
Drahulian, M; Chaplygina, A; Savynska, N; Kostenko, S; Ostrovskyi, P; Gusar, K The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 111-119, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Drahulian2018, title = {The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca)}, author = {M. Drahulian and A. Chaplygina and N. Savynska and S. Kostenko and P. Ostrovskyi and K. Gusar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0006.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {111-119}, abstract = {The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC) 6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC) 6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation. |
Polláková, N Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 120-128, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2018, title = {Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0007.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {120-128}, abstract = {Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area. |
➤ Volume 45(1) 2018
Sedmáková, D; Kýpeťová, M; Saniga, M; Pittner, J; Vencurik, J; Kucbel, S; Jaloviar, P Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 1-7, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Sedmáková2018, title = {Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia}, author = {D. Sedmáková and M. Kýpeťová and M Saniga and J. Pittner and J. Vencurik and S. Kucbel and P. Jaloviar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0001-3.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized. |
Martynov, V O; Brygadyrenko, V V The impact of some inorganic substances on change in body mass of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae in a laboratory experiment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 24-32, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martynov2018, title = {The impact of some inorganic substances on change in body mass of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae in a laboratory experiment}, author = {V.O. Martynov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {24-32}, abstract = {Addition of low concentrations of metal ions to the diet of saprophagous insects can impact on their metabolism over a short period of time, causing an increase or decrease in their body mass. This article presents a 14-day laboratory experiment evaluating the changes in the body mass of larval stage 3 of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) induced by adding different inorganic substances (350 mg kg–1 of dry fodder) to the diet of the larvae. Following the addition of inorganic substances to the fodder, the most marked differences compared to the control were observed in the groups which consumed substrate with lead nitrate (the mass of the larvae increased on average by 102.6% compared to increase in mass in the control variant of the experiments), cobalt nitrate (by 96.9%), calcium chloride (by 89.1%) sodium triphosphate (by 86.0%), zinc chloride (by 83.5%). A nonsignificant effect (a tendency of increase in the body mass) on T. molitor larvae was caused by manganese sulfate (by 57.8%), aluminium nitrate (by 57.3%), iron oxide (by 51.5%), barium nitrate (by 47.9%), orthophosphoric acid (by 47.4%), manganese chloride (by 46.5%), calcium carbonate (by 27.7%), iron sulfate (by 24.2%) and ammonium heptamolybdate (by –7.5%). Therefore, 5 out of the 15 studied inorganic substances significantly stimulated the increase in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, and 7 manifested these capacities at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in body weight averaging 43–58% over the 14-day experiment). The obtained data indicate a necessity for further study on the impact of inorganic pollutants on different stages of insects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Addition of low concentrations of metal ions to the diet of saprophagous insects can impact on their metabolism over a short period of time, causing an increase or decrease in their body mass. This article presents a 14-day laboratory experiment evaluating the changes in the body mass of larval stage 3 of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) induced by adding different inorganic substances (350 mg kg–1 of dry fodder) to the diet of the larvae. Following the addition of inorganic substances to the fodder, the most marked differences compared to the control were observed in the groups which consumed substrate with lead nitrate (the mass of the larvae increased on average by 102.6% compared to increase in mass in the control variant of the experiments), cobalt nitrate (by 96.9%), calcium chloride (by 89.1%) sodium triphosphate (by 86.0%), zinc chloride (by 83.5%). A nonsignificant effect (a tendency of increase in the body mass) on T. molitor larvae was caused by manganese sulfate (by 57.8%), aluminium nitrate (by 57.3%), iron oxide (by 51.5%), barium nitrate (by 47.9%), orthophosphoric acid (by 47.4%), manganese chloride (by 46.5%), calcium carbonate (by 27.7%), iron sulfate (by 24.2%) and ammonium heptamolybdate (by –7.5%). Therefore, 5 out of the 15 studied inorganic substances significantly stimulated the increase in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, and 7 manifested these capacities at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in body weight averaging 43–58% over the 14-day experiment). The obtained data indicate a necessity for further study on the impact of inorganic pollutants on different stages of insects. |
Uhrin, P; Supuka, J; Billiková, M Growth adaptability of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) to urban environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 33-45, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Uhrin2018, title = {Growth adaptability of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) to urban environment}, author = {P. Uhrin and J. Supuka and M. Billiková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {33-45}, abstract = {Adaptability of Acer platanoides L. to deteriorating urban conditions was assessed through qualitative parameters describing crown destruction, assimilation organs efficiency, chlorophyll a content, and content of alochtonous elements in leaves. The adaptability assessment was based on comparison between study trees growing in an environmentally loaded town area and control trees in a historical rural park, both localities in Slovakia (Central Europe). The results of visual assessments performed in 2015 and 2016 showed higher crown and leaf quality (Qns) for the individuals growing in the rural park (Qns2015 = 0.44, Qns2016 = 0.43) compared to the individuals in urban conditions (Qns2015 = 1.44, Qns2016 = 1.56). The values of chlorophyll a content index (CCI) were higher in the trees growing in the rural park (CCI = 25.914) than in the urban environment (CCI = 16.290). The performance of assimilation organs was evaluated through the maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) at both sites. During the years 2015 and 2016, there were measured higher values in the rural park (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.828, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.820) than in the town (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.823, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.772). Higher ETR values were measured on trees in the urban area (ETR2015 = 47.345, ETR2016 = 65.284) and lower in the park area (ETR2015 = 36.832, ETR2016 = 59.495). The urban locality demonstrated higher contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na and Ca elements in tree leaves compared to the rural park. The adaptability index (Ia) values indicate an average adaptability of the Norway maple to the urban environment (Ia2015 = 1.93, Ia2016 = 2.13) in comparison with a good adaptability in the rural park (Ia = 0.8–1.6).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adaptability of Acer platanoides L. to deteriorating urban conditions was assessed through qualitative parameters describing crown destruction, assimilation organs efficiency, chlorophyll a content, and content of alochtonous elements in leaves. The adaptability assessment was based on comparison between study trees growing in an environmentally loaded town area and control trees in a historical rural park, both localities in Slovakia (Central Europe). The results of visual assessments performed in 2015 and 2016 showed higher crown and leaf quality (Qns) for the individuals growing in the rural park (Qns2015 = 0.44, Qns2016 = 0.43) compared to the individuals in urban conditions (Qns2015 = 1.44, Qns2016 = 1.56). The values of chlorophyll a content index (CCI) were higher in the trees growing in the rural park (CCI = 25.914) than in the urban environment (CCI = 16.290). The performance of assimilation organs was evaluated through the maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) at both sites. During the years 2015 and 2016, there were measured higher values in the rural park (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.828, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.820) than in the town (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.823, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.772). Higher ETR values were measured on trees in the urban area (ETR2015 = 47.345, ETR2016 = 65.284) and lower in the park area (ETR2015 = 36.832, ETR2016 = 59.495). The urban locality demonstrated higher contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na and Ca elements in tree leaves compared to the rural park. The adaptability index (Ia) values indicate an average adaptability of the Norway maple to the urban environment (Ia2015 = 1.93, Ia2016 = 2.13) in comparison with a good adaptability in the rural park (Ia = 0.8–1.6). |
Zadorozhnaya, G A; Andrusevych, K V; Zhukov, O V Soil heterogeneity after recultivation: ecological aspect Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 46-52, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zadorozhnaya2018, title = {Soil heterogeneity after recultivation: ecological aspect}, author = {G.A. Zadorozhnaya and K.V Andrusevych and O.V. Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0005}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {46-52}, abstract = {The study subject was the soil heterogeneity at a recultivation site Nikopol manganese-ore basin (Pokrov, Ukraine). The soils at the locality are sod lithogenic soils developed on gray-green clays. The study ran by applying soil penetration resistance indices. The penetration resistance was measured across a regular grid of 7 × 15 points (21 × 45 m). The distance between the measurement points was 3 m. The parameters were recorded at every 5 cm to a depth of 50 cm. The environmental parameters were determined by phytoindication. Geostatistical analysis showed the average level of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance. According to the features of the profile variation in penetration resistance with the depth, the measurement points have been divided into three clusters. The clusters formed morphologically homogeneous soil areas. These areas significantly differed in their soil acidity and in nitrogen content in soil.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study subject was the soil heterogeneity at a recultivation site Nikopol manganese-ore basin (Pokrov, Ukraine). The soils at the locality are sod lithogenic soils developed on gray-green clays. The study ran by applying soil penetration resistance indices. The penetration resistance was measured across a regular grid of 7 × 15 points (21 × 45 m). The distance between the measurement points was 3 m. The parameters were recorded at every 5 cm to a depth of 50 cm. The environmental parameters were determined by phytoindication. Geostatistical analysis showed the average level of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance. According to the features of the profile variation in penetration resistance with the depth, the measurement points have been divided into three clusters. The clusters formed morphologically homogeneous soil areas. These areas significantly differed in their soil acidity and in nitrogen content in soil. |
Ivanová, H Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 53-57, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Helena2018, title = {Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0006}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {53-57}, abstract = {Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia. |
Zhukov, O V; Kunah, O M; Dubinina, Y Y; Novikova, V O The role of edaphic, vegetational and spatial factors in structuring soil animal communities in a floodplain forest of the Dnipro river Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 8-23, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zhukov2018, title = {The role of edaphic, vegetational and spatial factors in structuring soil animal communities in a floodplain forest of the Dnipro river}, author = {O.V. Zhukov and O.M. Kunah and Y.Y. Dubinina and V.O. Novikova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {8-23}, abstract = {This paper examines the role of ecological factors, derived from principal component analysis performed on edaphic and vegetational dataset as well as spatial variables, in structuring the soil macrofauna community of the Dnipro floodplain within the ‘Dnipro-Orilsky’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The soil macrofauna was defined as invertebrates visible to the naked eye (macroscopic organisms). The test points formed a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m with 7 × 15 dimensions. Thus, the total test point number was 105. At each point, soil-zoological samples of 0.25 × 0.25 m were taken for quantifying the soil macrofauna. The spatial structure was modeled by a set of independent spatial patterns obtained by means of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices analysis (PCNM-variables). Spatial PCNM-variables explain significantly more variations of the community (19.9%) than edaphic factors (4.1%) and vegetation factors (3.2%). Spatial and combined environmental and spatial effects were divided into three components: broad-scale component was characterized by periodicity of spatial variation with a wavelength of 24.0–44.5 m, medium-scale – 11.1–20 m, fine-scale 6.6–11.0 m. For a broad-scale component, environmental factors of a vegetational nature are more important, for medium-scale, edaphic factors are more important, for fine-scale, both vegetation and edaphic are important. For litter-dwelling animals, the most characteristic spatial patterns are on the broad and medium-scale levels. For endogeic and anecic animals, the most significant variability is on the fine-scale level.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper examines the role of ecological factors, derived from principal component analysis performed on edaphic and vegetational dataset as well as spatial variables, in structuring the soil macrofauna community of the Dnipro floodplain within the ‘Dnipro-Orilsky’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The soil macrofauna was defined as invertebrates visible to the naked eye (macroscopic organisms). The test points formed a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m with 7 × 15 dimensions. Thus, the total test point number was 105. At each point, soil-zoological samples of 0.25 × 0.25 m were taken for quantifying the soil macrofauna. The spatial structure was modeled by a set of independent spatial patterns obtained by means of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices analysis (PCNM-variables). Spatial PCNM-variables explain significantly more variations of the community (19.9%) than edaphic factors (4.1%) and vegetation factors (3.2%). Spatial and combined environmental and spatial effects were divided into three components: broad-scale component was characterized by periodicity of spatial variation with a wavelength of 24.0–44.5 m, medium-scale – 11.1–20 m, fine-scale 6.6–11.0 m. For a broad-scale component, environmental factors of a vegetational nature are more important, for medium-scale, edaphic factors are more important, for fine-scale, both vegetation and edaphic are important. For litter-dwelling animals, the most characteristic spatial patterns are on the broad and medium-scale levels. For endogeic and anecic animals, the most significant variability is on the fine-scale level. |
➤ Volume 44(2) 2017
Rad, J E; Valadi, G; Zargaran, M R Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 61-68, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Rad2017, title = {Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran}, author = {J.E. Rad and G. Valadi and M.R. Zargaran}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0001-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0008}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {61-68}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically. |
Ferezliev, A Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 69-77, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferezliev2017, title = {Relationship between particular dendrobiometrical indicators of natural European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) dendrocenoses in Central Balkan Range}, author = {A. Ferezliev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0009}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {In parallel studies, different regression models were tested to identify relationships between particular dendrobiometrical indicators on two sample plots representing forests dominated by the European beech in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). The presence of incomplete multicollinearity was studied through correlation matrix for factor variables. Тo avoid multicollinear negative impact, step multiple regression was applied and adequate regression equations of the relationships under consideration were formulated. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the link between the investigated indicators is strong and that the ’cloud‘ data show some ’sphericity‘ and distribution close to normal. In one of the sample plots, one major volumeforming factor – height does not participate in the obtained regression equation, so it is not possible to estimate its influence. By testing linear and several nonlinear regression dependencies and by mediating widely used statistical criterions for model selection, the optimal linear model of the considered link was chosen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In parallel studies, different regression models were tested to identify relationships between particular dendrobiometrical indicators on two sample plots representing forests dominated by the European beech in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). The presence of incomplete multicollinearity was studied through correlation matrix for factor variables. Тo avoid multicollinear negative impact, step multiple regression was applied and adequate regression equations of the relationships under consideration were formulated. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the link between the investigated indicators is strong and that the ’cloud‘ data show some ’sphericity‘ and distribution close to normal. In one of the sample plots, one major volumeforming factor – height does not participate in the obtained regression equation, so it is not possible to estimate its influence. By testing linear and several nonlinear regression dependencies and by mediating widely used statistical criterions for model selection, the optimal linear model of the considered link was chosen. |
Polláková, N; Šimanský, V; Jonczak, J Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 78-86, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2017, title = {Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková and V. Šimanský and J. Jonczak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0003-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0010}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study. |
Ferus, P; Hoťka, P; Konôpková, J Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 87-95, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferus2017b, title = {Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate}, author = {P. Ferus and P. Hoťka and J. Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0011}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {87-95}, abstract = {Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection´s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ´Boursault´, cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ and cv. ´Purpureum Elegans´ / R. fortunei and cv. ´Tamarindos´. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ´Duke of York´ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ´Purpureum Elegans´and ´Tamarindos´ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ´Nova Zembla´ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection´s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ´Boursault´, cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ and cv. ´Purpureum Elegans´ / R. fortunei and cv. ´Tamarindos´. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ´Duke of York´ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ´Purpureum Elegans´and ´Tamarindos´ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ´Nova Zembla´ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution. |
Kukla, J; Bublinec, E; Schieber, B; Kellerová, D; Bičárová, S; Janík, R Immission-load-related dynamics of S-SO42– in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 96-106, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Kukla2017, title = {Immission-load-related dynamics of S-SO_{4}^{2–} in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems}, author = {J. Kukla and E. Bublinec and B. Schieber and D. Kellerová and S. Bičárová and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0005-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0012}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {96-106}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of a 23-year study of sulphate sulphur dynamics in beech ecosystems exposed to different immission loads. The amounts of S-SO42– in precipitation water entering the ecosystems were: the Kremnické vrchy Mts, a clear-cut area 519 kg ha–1 (24.7 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 476 kg ha–1 (22.7 kg ha–1 per year); the Štiavnické vrchy Mts an open place 401 kg ha–1 (24.6 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 324 kg ha–1 (19.1 kg ha–1 per year). The average SO42– concentrations in lysimetric solutions penetrating through surface humus to a depth of Cambisol 10 and 25 cm were increased as follows: in the Kremnické vrchy Mts from 12.71 to 16.17 mg l–1 and in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts from 18.73 to 28.80 mg l–1. The S-SO4-2 amounts penetrating the individual soil layers in the Kremnické vrchy Mts were as follows: in case of surface humus on clear-cut area 459 kg ha–1 (20.9 kg ha–1 per year), in beech forest 433 kg ha–1 (19.7 kg ha–1 per year); below 10 cm organo-mineral layer of the mentioned plots penetrated 169–171 kg ha–1 (7.7–7.8 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer 155–255 kg ha–1 (7.1–11.6 kg ha–1 per year) – a higher amount was found on clear-cut area with an episodic lateral flow of soil solutions. In beech forest of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts penetrated below surface humus 424 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (18.9 kg ha–1 per year), below 10 cm mineral layer 458 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (19.9 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer as much as 599 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (26.0 kg ha–1 per year). This fact was caused by frequent lateral flow of soil solutions. The results indicate that the assumption about lower immission load of the beech ecosystem in the Kremnické vrchy Mts is wrong, at least in the case of S-SO42–. The testing has revealed that the studied beech ecosystems differ very significantly in sulphur amounts penetrating under 0.10 m and 0.25 m. The inter-annual differences were insignificant.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the results of a 23-year study of sulphate sulphur dynamics in beech ecosystems exposed to different immission loads. The amounts of S-SO42– in precipitation water entering the ecosystems were: the Kremnické vrchy Mts, a clear-cut area 519 kg ha–1 (24.7 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 476 kg ha–1 (22.7 kg ha–1 per year); the Štiavnické vrchy Mts an open place 401 kg ha–1 (24.6 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 324 kg ha–1 (19.1 kg ha–1 per year). The average SO42– concentrations in lysimetric solutions penetrating through surface humus to a depth of Cambisol 10 and 25 cm were increased as follows: in the Kremnické vrchy Mts from 12.71 to 16.17 mg l–1 and in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts from 18.73 to 28.80 mg l–1. The S-SO4-2 amounts penetrating the individual soil layers in the Kremnické vrchy Mts were as follows: in case of surface humus on clear-cut area 459 kg ha–1 (20.9 kg ha–1 per year), in beech forest 433 kg ha–1 (19.7 kg ha–1 per year); below 10 cm organo-mineral layer of the mentioned plots penetrated 169–171 kg ha–1 (7.7–7.8 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer 155–255 kg ha–1 (7.1–11.6 kg ha–1 per year) – a higher amount was found on clear-cut area with an episodic lateral flow of soil solutions. In beech forest of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts penetrated below surface humus 424 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (18.9 kg ha–1 per year), below 10 cm mineral layer 458 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (19.9 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer as much as 599 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (26.0 kg ha–1 per year). This fact was caused by frequent lateral flow of soil solutions. The results indicate that the assumption about lower immission load of the beech ecosystem in the Kremnické vrchy Mts is wrong, at least in the case of S-SO42–. The testing has revealed that the studied beech ecosystems differ very significantly in sulphur amounts penetrating under 0.10 m and 0.25 m. The inter-annual differences were insignificant. |
Demko, J; Machava, J; Saniga, M Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 107-113, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Demko2017, title = {Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.}, author = {J. Demko and J. Machava and M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0013}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {107-113}, abstract = {Slovakia is a country with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g–1 d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha–1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg–1 of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg–1 (52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Slovakia is a country with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g–1 d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha–1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg–1 of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg–1 (52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane. |
Langraf, V; Petrovičová, K; David, S; Ábelová, M; Schlarmannová, J Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 114-120, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Langraf2017, title = {Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance}, author = {V. Langraf and K. Petrovičová and S. David and M. Ábelová and J. Schlarmannová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0014}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {114-120}, abstract = {Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated. |
➤ Volume 44(1) 2017
Bartha, D; Tiborcz, V Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 1-10, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bartha2017, title = {Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories}, author = {D. Bartha and V. Tiborcz}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity. |
Gašová, K; Kuklová, M; Kukla, J Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 11-19, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gašová2017, title = {Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads}, author = {K. Gašová and M. Kuklová and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, abstract = {The aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg–1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg–1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities. |
Yousefi, S; Kartoolinejad, D; Bahmani, M; Naghdi, R Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 20-27, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Yousefi2017, title = {Salinity tolerance of Dodonaea viscosa L. inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: assessed based on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics}, author = {S. Yousefi and D. Kartoolinejad and M. Bahmani and R. Naghdi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {20-27}, abstract = {The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of different strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce the effects of salinity stress on the medicinal hopbush plant. The bacterium factor was applied at five levels (non-inoculated, inoculated by Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida, and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida), and the salinity stress at six levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 dS m–1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida showed maximal germination percentage and rate at 20 dS m–1 (18.33% and 0.35 seed per day, respectively). The strongest effect among the treatments was obtained with the treatment combining the given 3 bacteria at 15 dS m–1 salinity stress. This treatment increased the root fresh and dry weights by 31% and 87.5%, respectively (compared to the control). Our results indicate that these bacteria applied on hopbush affected positively both its germination and root growth. The plant compatibility with the three bacteria was found good, and the treatments combining Pseudomonas putida with the other one or two bacteria discussed in this study can be applied in nurseries in order to restore and extend the area of hopbush forests and akin dry stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of different strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce the effects of salinity stress on the medicinal hopbush plant. The bacterium factor was applied at five levels (non-inoculated, inoculated by Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida, and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida), and the salinity stress at six levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 dS m–1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida showed maximal germination percentage and rate at 20 dS m–1 (18.33% and 0.35 seed per day, respectively). The strongest effect among the treatments was obtained with the treatment combining the given 3 bacteria at 15 dS m–1 salinity stress. This treatment increased the root fresh and dry weights by 31% and 87.5%, respectively (compared to the control). Our results indicate that these bacteria applied on hopbush affected positively both its germination and root growth. The plant compatibility with the three bacteria was found good, and the treatments combining Pseudomonas putida with the other one or two bacteria discussed in this study can be applied in nurseries in order to restore and extend the area of hopbush forests and akin dry stands. |
Shulman, M V; Pakhomov, O Y; Brygadyrenko, V V Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 28-37, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Shulman2017, title = {Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae)}, author = {M.V. Shulman and O.Y. Pakhomov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {28-37}, abstract = {Modelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10–2–10–9 М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10–2–10–9 М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group. |
Sytnyk, S; Lovynska, V; Lakyda, I Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 38-45, 2017, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Sytnyk2017, title = {Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe}, author = {S. Sytnyk and V. Lovynska and I. Lakyda}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0005}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {38-45}, abstract = {Our study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone – Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014–2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone – Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014–2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage. |
Tužinský, L; Bublinec, E; Tužinský, M Development of soil water regime under spruce stands Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 46-53, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tužinský2017, title = {Development of soil water regime under spruce stands}, author = {L. Tužinský and E. Bublinec and M. Tužinský}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0006}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991–2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0–100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC–PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60–90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991–2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0–100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC–PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60–90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce. |
Ivanová, H Morphological features of Camarosporium pini – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 54-57, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2017b, title = {Morphological features of \textit{Camarosporium pini} – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0007}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {54-57}, abstract = {The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia. |
➤ Volume 43(2) 2016
Jančovičová, S; Blanár, D; Glejdura, S; Kunca, V Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus (Agaricales, Mycenaceae) from Slovakia: morphological and ecological aspects Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 164-175, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Jančovičová2016, title = {\textit{Panellus ringens} and \textit{P. violaceofulvus} (Agaricales, Mycenaceae) from Slovakia: morphological and ecological aspects}, author = {S. Jančovičová and D. Blanár and S. Glejdura and V. Kunca}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_164_175-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {164-175}, abstract = {Species Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus are similar in some respects and different in others. They look alike macroscopically, especially in having pleurotoid habit and violet-brown and/or red-brown colours of basidiomata, but differ microscopically, distinctly in size of spores. For each species, description and illustration of macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided based on the Slovak collections. Some misidentifications are mentioned and crucial morphological characters stressed. Compared and commented are also the characters used for differentiation of both species in the selected literature. The added distributional and ecological data concern the area of Slovakia and Europe. Panellus ringens is proposed to be included in a new version of the Red list of fungi of Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus are similar in some respects and different in others. They look alike macroscopically, especially in having pleurotoid habit and violet-brown and/or red-brown colours of basidiomata, but differ microscopically, distinctly in size of spores. For each species, description and illustration of macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided based on the Slovak collections. Some misidentifications are mentioned and crucial morphological characters stressed. Compared and commented are also the characters used for differentiation of both species in the selected literature. The added distributional and ecological data concern the area of Slovakia and Europe. Panellus ringens is proposed to be included in a new version of the Red list of fungi of Slovakia. |
Gajdoš, P; Majzlan, O; Igondová, E Assemblages of ground living spiders (Araneae) in peatland habitats, surrounding dry pine forest and meadows Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 147-155, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gajdoš2016, title = {Assemblages of ground living spiders (Araneae) in peatland habitats, surrounding dry pine forest and meadows}, author = {P. Gajdoš and O. Majzlan and E. Igondová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_147to155-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {147-155}, abstract = {This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground living spider of a peatland and their surrounding habitats (margin of dry pine forest and meadows) in the Šuja peat bog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The aim of study was to classify assemblages of ground living spider into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Spiders were sampled between April and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps. 1,974 individuals belonging to 100 species and to 21 families were captured in total. Diversity, equitability, species composition, preference for humidity, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association were used to characterize ground living spider communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the spiders at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. Based on their ecological characteristics, spiders formed five groups of species associated with semi dry to mesophilous open meadow habitats, semi dry woodland habitats, mesophilous unshaded habitats, mesophilous partly shaded habitats without herbal vegetation cover and hygrophilous habitats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground living spider of a peatland and their surrounding habitats (margin of dry pine forest and meadows) in the Šuja peat bog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The aim of study was to classify assemblages of ground living spider into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Spiders were sampled between April and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps. 1,974 individuals belonging to 100 species and to 21 families were captured in total. Diversity, equitability, species composition, preference for humidity, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association were used to characterize ground living spider communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the spiders at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. Based on their ecological characteristics, spiders formed five groups of species associated with semi dry to mesophilous open meadow habitats, semi dry woodland habitats, mesophilous unshaded habitats, mesophilous partly shaded habitats without herbal vegetation cover and hygrophilous habitats. |
Náplavová, K; Gáper, J Bioindication value of tar spot on maple trees in industrial areas: the case of Ostrava region, the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 183-192, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Náplavová2016, title = {Bioindication value of tar spot on maple trees in industrial areas: the case of Ostrava region, the Czech Republic}, author = {K. Náplavová and J. Gáper}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_183to192.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {183-192}, abstract = {Rhytisma acerinum is considered to be a bioindicator of air quality and therefore the occurrence of tar spot corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for estimation of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the bioindication value of individual maple taxa. The research was established on fieldwork in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and on the investigation of 1,247 trees. Four main habitat types were selected according to assumed (high or low) levels of air pollution and type of vegetation and land use. Different occurrence of symptoms of fungal pathogen in different categories of vegetation was found. Our analysis provides evidence that trees with lower diameter at breast height (DBH) suffered from higher infestation of tar spot. Airborne dust (PM10) was identified as the air pollutant with the significant negative effect on stroma occurrence. Our results also reveal that infestation of maple leaves was significantly affected by cultivar. Therefore the most susceptible taxa to tar spot (Acer pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Atropurpureum’, A. platanoides ‘Cleveland’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’) can be the best candidates for monitoring air pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rhytisma acerinum is considered to be a bioindicator of air quality and therefore the occurrence of tar spot corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for estimation of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the bioindication value of individual maple taxa. The research was established on fieldwork in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and on the investigation of 1,247 trees. Four main habitat types were selected according to assumed (high or low) levels of air pollution and type of vegetation and land use. Different occurrence of symptoms of fungal pathogen in different categories of vegetation was found. Our analysis provides evidence that trees with lower diameter at breast height (DBH) suffered from higher infestation of tar spot. Airborne dust (PM10) was identified as the air pollutant with the significant negative effect on stroma occurrence. Our results also reveal that infestation of maple leaves was significantly affected by cultivar. Therefore the most susceptible taxa to tar spot (Acer pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Atropurpureum’, A. platanoides ‘Cleveland’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’) can be the best candidates for monitoring air pollution. |
Boyko, O O; Duda, Y V; Pakhomov, O Y; Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 129-137, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Boyko2016, title = {Comparative analysis of different methods of staining the larvae \textit{Haemonchus contortus}, \textit{Mullerius} sp. (Nematoda, Strongylida) and \textit{Strongyloides papillosus} (Nematoda, Rhabditida)}, author = {O.O. Boyko and Y.V. Duda and O.Y. Pakhomov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_129to137.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {129-137}, abstract = {We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification. |
Falťan, V; Pírová, L; Petrovič, F Detailed mapping of geocomplexes in the vineyard landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 138-146, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Falťan2016, title = {Detailed mapping of geocomplexes in the vineyard landscape}, author = {V. Falťan and L. Pírová and F. Petrovič}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_138to146.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {138-146}, abstract = {Viticultural landscape is a valuable part of the cultural landscape – it was created by the long-term impact of human activities on the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the development of vineyards. A geoecological research within an example study of vineyard landscape was realised in choric and topical geographical dimension in the Doľany vicinity. Georelief was selected as a leading factor of regionalisation at the level of geochores. Information about soil-forming substrates and land cover on a topical dimension was specified within a detailed research of the terrain. Overall, five basic types of geochores and 58 types of geoecological complexes were earmarked. The most frequent occurrence of vineyards was on the alluvial cones and slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. As a part of the detailed research of the soil, we further characterized location conditions of different grape varieties in the Fosandle and Grefty localities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Viticultural landscape is a valuable part of the cultural landscape – it was created by the long-term impact of human activities on the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the development of vineyards. A geoecological research within an example study of vineyard landscape was realised in choric and topical geographical dimension in the Doľany vicinity. Georelief was selected as a leading factor of regionalisation at the level of geochores. Information about soil-forming substrates and land cover on a topical dimension was specified within a detailed research of the terrain. Overall, five basic types of geochores and 58 types of geoecological complexes were earmarked. The most frequent occurrence of vineyards was on the alluvial cones and slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. As a part of the detailed research of the soil, we further characterized location conditions of different grape varieties in the Fosandle and Grefty localities. |
Supuka, J; Uhrin, P Share of scattered woody vegetation in landscape ecological stability and agriculture sustainability Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 193-203, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Supuka2016, title = {Share of scattered woody vegetation in landscape ecological stability and agriculture sustainability}, author = {J. Supuka and P. Uhrin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_193to203.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {193-203}, abstract = {Scattered woody vegetation in the agricultural landscape includes more or less fragments of original biotopes and cultivated cultural vegetation as are groves, windbreaks, and infiltration forest belts on slopes, tree alleys, as well as orchards and vineyards. The contribution describes their effectiveness in agriculture sustainability through defined categories of functions and services. At the studied territory, the development of landscape structure was assessed in three time periods of 1869, 1949 and 2010s with regard to the share of scattered vegetation and woody species composition. In 2010, 23 vegetation formations were surveyed, from these 20 are in linear formations and the others in areal formations. Regarding species composition, 47 woody plant species were identified, from these 28 native, 12 alien and 7 fruit trees. The share of scattered vegetation has been proposed to be increased from 5% to 6%. The studied scattered vegetation should be considered as an important contribution to biodiversity conservation, climate, water and soil quality amelioration, pest and disease control and finally crop yield increasing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Scattered woody vegetation in the agricultural landscape includes more or less fragments of original biotopes and cultivated cultural vegetation as are groves, windbreaks, and infiltration forest belts on slopes, tree alleys, as well as orchards and vineyards. The contribution describes their effectiveness in agriculture sustainability through defined categories of functions and services. At the studied territory, the development of landscape structure was assessed in three time periods of 1869, 1949 and 2010s with regard to the share of scattered vegetation and woody species composition. In 2010, 23 vegetation formations were surveyed, from these 20 are in linear formations and the others in areal formations. Regarding species composition, 47 woody plant species were identified, from these 28 native, 12 alien and 7 fruit trees. The share of scattered vegetation has been proposed to be increased from 5% to 6%. The studied scattered vegetation should be considered as an important contribution to biodiversity conservation, climate, water and soil quality amelioration, pest and disease control and finally crop yield increasing. |
Baláž, I; Jakab, I; Tulis, F; Ambros, M Spatial density of two sympatric species Yellow-necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis and Bank Vole Clethrionomys glareolus in different environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 121-128, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Baláž2016, title = {Spatial density of two sympatric species Yellow-necked \textit{Mouse Apodemus} flavicollis and Bank Vole \textit{Clethrionomys glareolus} in different environment}, author = {I. Baláž and I. Jakab and F. Tulis and M. Ambros}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_121to128.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, abstract = {The impact of two different environments (climax forest and glade) on spatial density of Yellow-Necked Mouse and Bank Vole was studied during the years 2011–2013. Species range (95% Kernel) of both species was calculated based on data obtained from live traps placed in trap grids. Eight levels of density probability that surround regions of constant probability density were used to define (i) activity centres of observed species and (ii) areas that tended to be of rather peripheral interest. Results suggest that glade with rich herbal-ground cover represented significantly more suitable habitat, as well as habitat richer in resources for Bank Vole in comparison to climax forest. In contrary, Yellow-necked Mouse had provably the highest spatial density in climax forest habitat where was lack of herbal-grounded cover typical for the glade. In particular, we suggest that different diet specialization may be one of elements in explaining the different spatial density.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The impact of two different environments (climax forest and glade) on spatial density of Yellow-Necked Mouse and Bank Vole was studied during the years 2011–2013. Species range (95% Kernel) of both species was calculated based on data obtained from live traps placed in trap grids. Eight levels of density probability that surround regions of constant probability density were used to define (i) activity centres of observed species and (ii) areas that tended to be of rather peripheral interest. Results suggest that glade with rich herbal-ground cover represented significantly more suitable habitat, as well as habitat richer in resources for Bank Vole in comparison to climax forest. In contrary, Yellow-necked Mouse had provably the highest spatial density in climax forest habitat where was lack of herbal-grounded cover typical for the glade. In particular, we suggest that different diet specialization may be one of elements in explaining the different spatial density. |
Macko, J; Machava, J; Bublinec, E; Hrkľová, G Soil reaction and tick abundance Ixodes ricinus Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 176-182, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Macko2016, title = {Soil reaction and tick abundance \textit{Ixodes ricinus}}, author = {J. Macko and J. Machava and E. Bublinec and G. Hrkľová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_176to182.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {176-182}, abstract = {Tick Ixodes ricinus is a carrier of several diseases. At present, its activity in Slovakia was discovered in the winter months. It also extends to higher altitudes. Therefore it is necessary to know the ecology and optimal conditions suitable for its existence. Although considerable attention is devoted to the health research of tick, little is known about its claim on the soil environment, because as a representative of a temporary edaphone initial ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) survives in the soil. For this reason, the research focused on the soil pH as an important environmental factor that can influence the development and abundance of tick. The research was carried out on the plots with tick high abundance in the Veľká Fatra Mts at an altitude of - 760 meters asl. We found that mull humus form with a thin film of last year’s litter fall (the Oon necrotic subhorizon) with a pH narrow range of 5.9–6.0 (rounded) was convenient for developmental stages of this tick. Below this horizon the soil type of cambisol with pH values in the upper range of 5.45–5.79 was produced. The soil reaction was therefore a slight acid. In this environment, a relatively high density of tick was in May, with the secondary mild autumn peak.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tick Ixodes ricinus is a carrier of several diseases. At present, its activity in Slovakia was discovered in the winter months. It also extends to higher altitudes. Therefore it is necessary to know the ecology and optimal conditions suitable for its existence. Although considerable attention is devoted to the health research of tick, little is known about its claim on the soil environment, because as a representative of a temporary edaphone initial ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) survives in the soil. For this reason, the research focused on the soil pH as an important environmental factor that can influence the development and abundance of tick. The research was carried out on the plots with tick high abundance in the Veľká Fatra Mts at an altitude of - 760 meters asl. We found that mull humus form with a thin film of last year’s litter fall (the Oon necrotic subhorizon) with a pH narrow range of 5.9–6.0 (rounded) was convenient for developmental stages of this tick. Below this horizon the soil type of cambisol with pH values in the upper range of 5.45–5.79 was produced. The soil reaction was therefore a slight acid. In this environment, a relatively high density of tick was in May, with the secondary mild autumn peak. |
Kinga-Buza, A; Divos, F Spruce tree fighting back – study of honey fungus infection Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 204-207, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kinga-Buza2016, title = {Spruce tree fighting back – study of honey fungus infection}, author = {A. Kinga-Buza and F. Divos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_204to207.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {204-207}, abstract = {Fungi infection is a common disease, problem for trees. Becoming fearful of the presence of fungi is obvious, although the effects of the infection are variable widely. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is considered to be dangerous species weakening the trees. A honey fungus attacked spruce could be measured repeatedly for three years with acoustic tomography while pulling tests were performed as well. The research goes on, although the results interestingly show us the tree “fighting back”. The safety and stability of the examined spruce is very good, the conditions of the root system are – surprisingly – getting better.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fungi infection is a common disease, problem for trees. Becoming fearful of the presence of fungi is obvious, although the effects of the infection are variable widely. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is considered to be dangerous species weakening the trees. A honey fungus attacked spruce could be measured repeatedly for three years with acoustic tomography while pulling tests were performed as well. The research goes on, although the results interestingly show us the tree “fighting back”. The safety and stability of the examined spruce is very good, the conditions of the root system are – surprisingly – getting better. |
Machava, J; Timko, Ľ; Šustek, Z; Bublinec, E State of Carabid assemblages in forest ecosystem previously affected by high levels of heavy metals Cu and Pb Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 208-212, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Machava2016, title = {State of Carabid assemblages in forest ecosystem previously affected by high levels of heavy metals Cu and Pb}, author = {J. Machava and Ľ. Timko and Z. Šustek and E. Bublinec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_208to212.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {208-212}, abstract = {Human activities in industrial areas have released into the atmosphere solids of different nature, including heavy metals. The center of the Spiš region belongs to the foremost polluted areas in Slovakia. The Copper Smelting Plant Krompachy contaminated surrounding areas around this town by metals mainly by copper and lead. Despite significant improvement of environmental situation in the 1990s, resistant pollutant load from the mentioned pollution source continues to negatively impact on the surrounding countryside. The residual pollutant load has persisted for more than 20 years. Species diversity and cumulative abundance of Carabids in all stands in the contaminated environment was extremely low due to synergic effect of three factors, acidity of substrate, southern exposition and discontinuity of the vegetation coverage that resulted in forming of two assemblages. The open stands were inhabited by heliophilous species of genera Cicindela, Harpalus and Microlestes. The characteristic forest species did not occur there or penetrated here only rarely. In the closed stand, only three mesohygrohilous forest species Carabus violaceus, Carabus hortensis and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Human activities in industrial areas have released into the atmosphere solids of different nature, including heavy metals. The center of the Spiš region belongs to the foremost polluted areas in Slovakia. The Copper Smelting Plant Krompachy contaminated surrounding areas around this town by metals mainly by copper and lead. Despite significant improvement of environmental situation in the 1990s, resistant pollutant load from the mentioned pollution source continues to negatively impact on the surrounding countryside. The residual pollutant load has persisted for more than 20 years. Species diversity and cumulative abundance of Carabids in all stands in the contaminated environment was extremely low due to synergic effect of three factors, acidity of substrate, southern exposition and discontinuity of the vegetation coverage that resulted in forming of two assemblages. The open stands were inhabited by heliophilous species of genera Cicindela, Harpalus and Microlestes. The characteristic forest species did not occur there or penetrated here only rarely. In the closed stand, only three mesohygrohilous forest species Carabus violaceus, Carabus hortensis and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were recorded. |
Gömöryová, E; Tóthová, S; Pichler, V; Homolák, M; Kriššák, V; Gömöry, D Wood ash effect on chemical and microbiological properties of topsoil in a Norway spruce stand one year after the treatment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 156-163, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gömöryová2016, title = {Wood ash effect on chemical and microbiological properties of topsoil in a Norway spruce stand one year after the treatment}, author = {E. Gömöryová and S. Tóthová and V. Pichler and M. Homolák and V. Kriššák and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_156to163.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {156-163}, abstract = {Changes of soil chemical and microbial characteristics in the forest floor and in the A-horizon caused by the application of wood ash (WA) on the soil surface were studied one year after the WA application. Soil sampling was performed at three plots in a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand in Central Slovakia – at the control plot (CP) and at the plots with WA application in the spring (P1) and the autumn (P2) 2010. Soil samples were taken from the litter (L), fermentation (F), humic (H) forest floor horizons and from the A-horizon (the depth of 0−10 cm). In soil samples chemical attributes (pH, C and N concentration, extractable C and base cations concentration) as well as microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, basal respiration, catalase activity, richness and diversity of soil microbial functional groups) were analysed. WA application was reflected in the changes of chemical properties (soil reaction, C, N and Ca2+ concentration) only in the forest floor horizons but not in the A-horizon one year after the treatment. No significant differences between plots were found in microbial characteristics throughout the topsoil horizons. The most distinct differences in decreased C and N content compared to control plot were observed in the H-horizon. Soil acidity differed especially in the F-horizon, where the increase of pH-H2O from 4.76 to 6.85 at P1 was recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes of soil chemical and microbial characteristics in the forest floor and in the A-horizon caused by the application of wood ash (WA) on the soil surface were studied one year after the WA application. Soil sampling was performed at three plots in a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand in Central Slovakia – at the control plot (CP) and at the plots with WA application in the spring (P1) and the autumn (P2) 2010. Soil samples were taken from the litter (L), fermentation (F), humic (H) forest floor horizons and from the A-horizon (the depth of 0−10 cm). In soil samples chemical attributes (pH, C and N concentration, extractable C and base cations concentration) as well as microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, basal respiration, catalase activity, richness and diversity of soil microbial functional groups) were analysed. WA application was reflected in the changes of chemical properties (soil reaction, C, N and Ca2+ concentration) only in the forest floor horizons but not in the A-horizon one year after the treatment. No significant differences between plots were found in microbial characteristics throughout the topsoil horizons. The most distinct differences in decreased C and N content compared to control plot were observed in the H-horizon. Soil acidity differed especially in the F-horizon, where the increase of pH-H2O from 4.76 to 6.85 at P1 was recorded. |
➤ Volume 43(1) 2016 - Special Issue: A Tribute to FJT
Dorková, M; Kocianová-Adamcová, M; Pristaš, P; Klinga, P Phylogenetic status of endemic Chionomys nivalis mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 3-11, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Dorková2016b, title = {Phylogenetic status of endemic \textit{Chionomys nivalis mirhanreini} in the Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Dorková and M. Kocianová-Adamcová and P. Pristaš and P. Klinga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iis1_3to11.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {3-11}, abstract = {The Snow vole has a fragmented distribution restricted to the mountain and rocky regions from the southwestern Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East. Several subspecies have been described on the basis of dental characters. In this study we provide more detail insight into phylogenetic status of the Snow vole Chionomys nivalis occurring in the Western Carpathians compared to its populations within Eurasia. We analysed 588 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in samples collected in the two isolated populations within the High Tatras and Low Tatras Mountains. Our results indicate Western Carpathians as the long term isolated refugia for C. nivalis and support the subspecies status of C. n. mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians. The European populations are formed by two southern phylogenetic lineages – the first originates in Iberian Peninsula and the other expanding from Balkans to the Eastern Carpathians is also visible.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Snow vole has a fragmented distribution restricted to the mountain and rocky regions from the southwestern Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East. Several subspecies have been described on the basis of dental characters. In this study we provide more detail insight into phylogenetic status of the Snow vole Chionomys nivalis occurring in the Western Carpathians compared to its populations within Eurasia. We analysed 588 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in samples collected in the two isolated populations within the High Tatras and Low Tatras Mountains. Our results indicate Western Carpathians as the long term isolated refugia for C. nivalis and support the subspecies status of C. n. mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians. The European populations are formed by two southern phylogenetic lineages – the first originates in Iberian Peninsula and the other expanding from Balkans to the Eastern Carpathians is also visible. |
Hlôška, L; Chovancová, B; Chovancová, G; Fleischer, P Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 12-20, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hlôška2016, title = {Influence of climatic factors on the population dynamics of small mammals (Rodentia, Soricomorpha) on the sites affected by windthrow in the High Tatra Mts}, author = {L. Hlôška and B. Chovancová and G. Chovancová and P. Fleischer}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_12to20.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {12-20}, abstract = {Climatic factors and related changes of the temperature, humidity and sunshine demonstrably affect the population dynamics of small mammals. This complex influence gets more intense in the case of natural and anthropic disturbances which occurred in the forest ecosystems of the High Tatra Mts in 2014 (wind calamity) and in 2015 (forest fire). During the period of research in 2005–2015, we were observing successive changes in the species composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of small mammals on the seven permanent research areas by using the CMR method. Besides the changes of selected habitat variables, we were also continually measuring values of meteorological elements (such as air and soil temperature, relative air and soil humidity, thickness and duration of snow cover). Statistical testing of the thickness and duration of snow cover proved significant influence of these factors on the population dynamics of small rodents (Rodentia) and shrews (Soricomorpha). Winters with a thicker snow cover and longer snow periods had a positive effect on the reproduction and surviving of both taxonomic groups in the subsequent vegetation season. We have discovered the positive correlation between the temperature and the quantity dynamics of dominant small rodents while shrews responded to higher temperatures with less spatio-temporal activity. Gradient analysis of the complex influence of measured meteorological elements proved species-specific differences in the responses of small mammals to the current and conditions of weather indicated by ecological requirements of plant species within a specific habitat.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Climatic factors and related changes of the temperature, humidity and sunshine demonstrably affect the population dynamics of small mammals. This complex influence gets more intense in the case of natural and anthropic disturbances which occurred in the forest ecosystems of the High Tatra Mts in 2014 (wind calamity) and in 2015 (forest fire). During the period of research in 2005–2015, we were observing successive changes in the species composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of small mammals on the seven permanent research areas by using the CMR method. Besides the changes of selected habitat variables, we were also continually measuring values of meteorological elements (such as air and soil temperature, relative air and soil humidity, thickness and duration of snow cover). Statistical testing of the thickness and duration of snow cover proved significant influence of these factors on the population dynamics of small rodents (Rodentia) and shrews (Soricomorpha). Winters with a thicker snow cover and longer snow periods had a positive effect on the reproduction and surviving of both taxonomic groups in the subsequent vegetation season. We have discovered the positive correlation between the temperature and the quantity dynamics of dominant small rodents while shrews responded to higher temperatures with less spatio-temporal activity. Gradient analysis of the complex influence of measured meteorological elements proved species-specific differences in the responses of small mammals to the current and conditions of weather indicated by ecological requirements of plant species within a specific habitat. |
Korňan, M; Korňan, J Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 21-32, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Korňan2016, title = {Null model analysis of spatial species associations in spruce, tree line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages in the High Tatras, the Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Korňan and J. Korňan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_21to32.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {21-32}, abstract = {Jared Diamond proposed several assembly rules based on the assumption of competitive interactions among species. The first Diamond’s rule proposes that communities are formed of certain permissible combinations of species that can co-exist. The fifth assembly rule states that some pairs of species never co-occur, forming so called “checkerboard” or complementary distributions. The objective of this study was to test these propositions on spruce, tree-line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages censused by the fixed radius point count method in the High Tatras, Slovakia. The null model simulations yielded no clear assembly patterns. The binary null models had tendency toward random associations, while quantitative null models suggested segregations. Presence/ absence null models showed tendency toward random associations in post-breeding and breeding spruce bird assemblages, while quantitative null models yielded half random and half segregations in post-breeding season and all types of associations were detected during the breeding with slight prevalence of segregation. All binary tests indicated random associations in the post-breeding bird assemblages in the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities, whereas quantitative models showed prevalence of segregation. Binary models indicated slight prevalence of random associations in the breeding bird assemblages of the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities from territorial records and prevalence of segregation from all records. Quantitative models did not show consistent results in these habitat types detecting prevalence of segregations. In summary, the first Diamond’s rule was not supported due to random patterns of unique species combinations and the fifth rule was supported partly by quantitative null model analyses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Jared Diamond proposed several assembly rules based on the assumption of competitive interactions among species. The first Diamond’s rule proposes that communities are formed of certain permissible combinations of species that can co-exist. The fifth assembly rule states that some pairs of species never co-occur, forming so called “checkerboard” or complementary distributions. The objective of this study was to test these propositions on spruce, tree-line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages censused by the fixed radius point count method in the High Tatras, Slovakia. The null model simulations yielded no clear assembly patterns. The binary null models had tendency toward random associations, while quantitative null models suggested segregations. Presence/ absence null models showed tendency toward random associations in post-breeding and breeding spruce bird assemblages, while quantitative null models yielded half random and half segregations in post-breeding season and all types of associations were detected during the breeding with slight prevalence of segregation. All binary tests indicated random associations in the post-breeding bird assemblages in the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities, whereas quantitative models showed prevalence of segregation. Binary models indicated slight prevalence of random associations in the breeding bird assemblages of the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities from territorial records and prevalence of segregation from all records. Quantitative models did not show consistent results in these habitat types detecting prevalence of segregations. In summary, the first Diamond’s rule was not supported due to random patterns of unique species combinations and the fifth rule was supported partly by quantitative null model analyses. |
Lešo, P Breeding bird assemblage of a fir-oak natural forest in Ponická dúbrava – the oldest Slovak nature reserve Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 33-41, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Lešo2016b, title = {Breeding bird assemblage of a fir-oak natural forest in Ponická dúbrava – the oldest Slovak nature reserve}, author = {P. Lešo}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_33to41.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {33-41}, abstract = {The bird assemblage of the Ponická dúbrava National Nature Reserve (13.3 ha), preserving a mixed nature forest composed mainly of fir, oak, spruce and beech was studied using a modified mapping method during the breeding period in 2015. The site is rather unique, containing elements of both lowland and mountain forests. The aims of the study were to determine the structure of the bird assemblage, compare it with other bird assemblages from oak-beech and mixed natural forests, and define the most important habitat indicator species. Altogether, 37 breeding bird species were recorded and the estimated rarefaction species number per 10 ha was 30.9. Total bird density reached 63.0 pairs/10 ha. Five species were found to be dominant (>5% of the total density): Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Periparus ater, Regulus regulus and Ficedula albicollis, representing 42.6% of the total density. Comparing with other eight bird assemblages from natural forests using a cluster analysis, the assemblage from the Ponická dúbrava clearly fits into those from mixed beech-fir-spruce forests. Factor analysis revealed six species separating the assemblage from oak-beech stands: Regulus regulus, Poecile montanus, Periparus ater, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Prunella modularis and Turdus viscivorus. Based on our data, the reserve represents a valuable rare natural habitat of very high bird species diversity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The bird assemblage of the Ponická dúbrava National Nature Reserve (13.3 ha), preserving a mixed nature forest composed mainly of fir, oak, spruce and beech was studied using a modified mapping method during the breeding period in 2015. The site is rather unique, containing elements of both lowland and mountain forests. The aims of the study were to determine the structure of the bird assemblage, compare it with other bird assemblages from oak-beech and mixed natural forests, and define the most important habitat indicator species. Altogether, 37 breeding bird species were recorded and the estimated rarefaction species number per 10 ha was 30.9. Total bird density reached 63.0 pairs/10 ha. Five species were found to be dominant (>5% of the total density): Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Periparus ater, Regulus regulus and Ficedula albicollis, representing 42.6% of the total density. Comparing with other eight bird assemblages from natural forests using a cluster analysis, the assemblage from the Ponická dúbrava clearly fits into those from mixed beech-fir-spruce forests. Factor analysis revealed six species separating the assemblage from oak-beech stands: Regulus regulus, Poecile montanus, Periparus ater, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Prunella modularis and Turdus viscivorus. Based on our data, the reserve represents a valuable rare natural habitat of very high bird species diversity. |
Puchala, P Bird community structure and population trends in the Little Carpathians Mts vineyard area Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 42-49, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Puchala2016, title = {Bird community structure and population trends in the Little Carpathians Mts vineyard area}, author = {P. Puchala}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_42to49.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {42-49}, abstract = {The birds of the vineyards on the eastern slopes of the Little Carpathians Mountains (south-western Slovakia) were studied during breeding seasons between the years 2010 and 2015. A point census method was used to count birds once or twice in May on two study sites (a transect in the vicinity of Modra town and a transect between Bratislava-Rača and Svätý Jur). The whole study area was designated as an Important Bird Area and established as a Special Protected Area according to the Bird Directive. Individual counting points were situated in different habitats including suburban areas, green lines with scrubs, the edges of small forest patches, forest edges, small gardens, cultivated vineyards, etc. 62 and 53 bird species were found in the first and the second transect, respectively (64 birds in total). The total number of all individuals was 2,383 at the Modra site and 972 at the Rača-Svätý Jur site. The most abundant species on both transects was Sturnus vulgaris (21 and 36%, respectively). Another abundant species at the Modra site (dominance between 5 and 7%) were Turdus merula, Passer montanus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum, while at the Rača-Svätý Jur site Fringilla coelebs and Apus apus were abundant. Several species with higher conservation importance were found: Upupa epops, Lullula arborea, Pernis apivorus, Jynx torquila, Lanius collurio and Sylvia nisoria. A decline of some species like Chloris chloris, Delichon urbicum, Emberiza citrinella, Fringilla coelebs, Saxicola torquata, Sylvia atricapilla and Upupa epops was recorded since the beginning of the study. Continuous and long-term monitoring may bring important data about the population status of birds in human-affected landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The birds of the vineyards on the eastern slopes of the Little Carpathians Mountains (south-western Slovakia) were studied during breeding seasons between the years 2010 and 2015. A point census method was used to count birds once or twice in May on two study sites (a transect in the vicinity of Modra town and a transect between Bratislava-Rača and Svätý Jur). The whole study area was designated as an Important Bird Area and established as a Special Protected Area according to the Bird Directive. Individual counting points were situated in different habitats including suburban areas, green lines with scrubs, the edges of small forest patches, forest edges, small gardens, cultivated vineyards, etc. 62 and 53 bird species were found in the first and the second transect, respectively (64 birds in total). The total number of all individuals was 2,383 at the Modra site and 972 at the Rača-Svätý Jur site. The most abundant species on both transects was Sturnus vulgaris (21 and 36%, respectively). Another abundant species at the Modra site (dominance between 5 and 7%) were Turdus merula, Passer montanus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum, while at the Rača-Svätý Jur site Fringilla coelebs and Apus apus were abundant. Several species with higher conservation importance were found: Upupa epops, Lullula arborea, Pernis apivorus, Jynx torquila, Lanius collurio and Sylvia nisoria. A decline of some species like Chloris chloris, Delichon urbicum, Emberiza citrinella, Fringilla coelebs, Saxicola torquata, Sylvia atricapilla and Upupa epops was recorded since the beginning of the study. Continuous and long-term monitoring may bring important data about the population status of birds in human-affected landscape. |
Ružičková, J; Lehotská, B; Kalivodová, E Assessment of ornithochory in the north-western part of the Podunajská nížina Lowland (SW Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 50-63, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ružičková2016, title = {Assessment of ornithochory in the north-western part of the Podunajská nížina Lowland (SW Slovakia)}, author = {J. Ružičková and B. Lehotská and E. Kalivodová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_50to63.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {50-63}, abstract = {Plant seeds and fruits can be dispersed in several ways; diaspore dispersal by ornithochory is common to many plant species. The aim of the study was to assess the birds’ potential in dispersal of woody species which are present in the riparian vegetation of two streams with tributaries in the lowland of SW Slovakia. We examined three hypotheses related to riparian woody vegetation: (1) ornithochory plays an important role in the formation of riparian vegetation, (2) riparian vegetation serves as a food source for bird species in highly deforested lowland landscape, (3) there are differences among selected indication groups of woody plant species by types of diaspore dispersal. Four indication groups represent natural alluvial woody vegetation, adjacent forests, other autochtonous woody species and non-native species. Characteristics, such as diaspore type, weight, maturity, and dispersal patterns within four indication groups of woody species were analysed. The occurrence of bird species, feeding strategy and weight categories of birds were assessed. In addition to field research, the data were obtained from the work of Turček “Ecological relationships of birds and woody plants” and from the D3 Dispersal and Diaspore Database. The results show a high proportion (53%) of plants with fleshy fruits, consequently endozoochory (including ornithochory) appears to be the dominant pattern of diaspore dispersal of riparian woody species of the study area, and the second is anemochory. Evident differences in diaspore dispersal patterns were found within the indication groups. Five bird species participate in dispersal of more than 50% of the assessed woody plants. The analyses showed that a significant share of small-size birds (50–100 g) and large-size birds (500–1,000 g) spread riparian vegetation woody species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Plant seeds and fruits can be dispersed in several ways; diaspore dispersal by ornithochory is common to many plant species. The aim of the study was to assess the birds’ potential in dispersal of woody species which are present in the riparian vegetation of two streams with tributaries in the lowland of SW Slovakia. We examined three hypotheses related to riparian woody vegetation: (1) ornithochory plays an important role in the formation of riparian vegetation, (2) riparian vegetation serves as a food source for bird species in highly deforested lowland landscape, (3) there are differences among selected indication groups of woody plant species by types of diaspore dispersal. Four indication groups represent natural alluvial woody vegetation, adjacent forests, other autochtonous woody species and non-native species. Characteristics, such as diaspore type, weight, maturity, and dispersal patterns within four indication groups of woody species were analysed. The occurrence of bird species, feeding strategy and weight categories of birds were assessed. In addition to field research, the data were obtained from the work of Turček “Ecological relationships of birds and woody plants” and from the D3 Dispersal and Diaspore Database. The results show a high proportion (53%) of plants with fleshy fruits, consequently endozoochory (including ornithochory) appears to be the dominant pattern of diaspore dispersal of riparian woody species of the study area, and the second is anemochory. Evident differences in diaspore dispersal patterns were found within the indication groups. Five bird species participate in dispersal of more than 50% of the assessed woody plants. The analyses showed that a significant share of small-size birds (50–100 g) and large-size birds (500–1,000 g) spread riparian vegetation woody species. |
Tulis, F; Ambros, M; Baláž, I; Žiak, D; Hulejová-Sládkovičová, V; Miklós, P; Dudich, A; Stollmann, A; Klimant, P; Somogyi, B; Horváth, G Expansion of the Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in the south-western Slovakia during 2010–2015 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 64-73, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tulis2016, title = {Expansion of the Striped field mouse (\textit{Apodemus agrarius}) in the south-western Slovakia during 2010–2015}, author = {F. Tulis and M. Ambros and I. Baláž and D. Žiak and V. Hulejová-Sládkovičová and P. Miklós and A. Dudich and A. Stollmann and P. Klimant and B. Somogyi and G. Horváth}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_64to73.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {64-73}, abstract = {Population of the Striped field mouse spread out into unoccupied territories leading to the rapid enlargement of their range of distribution is defined as an expansion. In 2010, the presence of the species in south-western Slovakia was recorded for the first time. During monitoring of this expansion (from 2010 to 2015) 59 new localities in south-western Slovakia were recorded, representing confirmation of the presence of A. agrarius in 18 new quadrates of Databank of Slovak fauna. Thus in 2015, marginal points of the distribution area were the Danube River in south-western Slovakia, the Šur National Nature Reserve in the west, the wetland near Tešmak in the east and the Jasová water reservoir in the north. The impact of this expansion on the quantitative composition of the small mammal’s community has been evaluated for three sites (Čiližská mokraď wetland, Okoličianska mokraď wetland, Martovská mokraď wetland) and one larger area (south-western corner of Danubian lowland). In all the observed sites the expansion of A. agrarius was related to rapid increase of its abundance. However its representation in the small mammal’s community was significantly growing only in the site Čiližská mokraď wetland and Martovská mokraď wetland. In general, the rapid increase of the abundance of Apodemus agrarius in the small mammal’s community in the observed sites led to the significant decrease of the abundance of several species of small mammals, mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Population of the Striped field mouse spread out into unoccupied territories leading to the rapid enlargement of their range of distribution is defined as an expansion. In 2010, the presence of the species in south-western Slovakia was recorded for the first time. During monitoring of this expansion (from 2010 to 2015) 59 new localities in south-western Slovakia were recorded, representing confirmation of the presence of A. agrarius in 18 new quadrates of Databank of Slovak fauna. Thus in 2015, marginal points of the distribution area were the Danube River in south-western Slovakia, the Šur National Nature Reserve in the west, the wetland near Tešmak in the east and the Jasová water reservoir in the north. The impact of this expansion on the quantitative composition of the small mammal’s community has been evaluated for three sites (Čiližská mokraď wetland, Okoličianska mokraď wetland, Martovská mokraď wetland) and one larger area (south-western corner of Danubian lowland). In all the observed sites the expansion of A. agrarius was related to rapid increase of its abundance. However its representation in the small mammal’s community was significantly growing only in the site Čiližská mokraď wetland and Martovská mokraď wetland. In general, the rapid increase of the abundance of Apodemus agrarius in the small mammal’s community in the observed sites led to the significant decrease of the abundance of several species of small mammals, mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus. |
Turčoková, L; Melišková, M; Balážová, M Nest site location and breeding success of Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Danube river system Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 74-82, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Turčoková2016, title = {Nest site location and breeding success of Common kingfisher (\textit{Alcedo atthis}) in the Danube river system}, author = {L. Turčoková and M. Melišková and M. Balážová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_74to82.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {74-82}, abstract = {Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis is a fish-eating species that preferentially breeds alongside natural watercourses or smaller water bodies. During the seasons 2012, 2014 and 2015, we monitored the density of kingfisher population, nest site location and its breeding success in the Danube river system from Bratislava to Gabčíkovo (Slovakia). Population density was estimated on 23–27 pairs/55 km of the length of river branches. Average distance between nesting holes occupied by different breeding pairs was 816 m ± 421 SD. Kingfishers used river banks and wind throws to dig a burrow. The nest site location, but not nest parameters, was affected by the maximal height of the suitable area of the wall. As wind throws had larger suitable area, the location of nests in wind throws differed from the location in riverbanks. Breeding attempts were successful in 86% cases. The reason of unsuccessful breeding was mainly predation. Almost 72% of pairs bred two times per season, 17.9% of pairs three times and 10.7% of pairs four times per season. The most successful were the second and the third breeding attempts. Breeding pairs produced on average 6.43 young per successful breeding and 14.95 young per season. In total, 58% of pairs alternated breeding attempts. The rest of pairs overlapped attempts using different holes. Average distance between the holes concurrently used by a pair was 113.73 m (min = 0.3 m; max = 372 m). Neither this parameter nor the date of the first egg-lying in previous attempt affected the duration of the overlapping.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis is a fish-eating species that preferentially breeds alongside natural watercourses or smaller water bodies. During the seasons 2012, 2014 and 2015, we monitored the density of kingfisher population, nest site location and its breeding success in the Danube river system from Bratislava to Gabčíkovo (Slovakia). Population density was estimated on 23–27 pairs/55 km of the length of river branches. Average distance between nesting holes occupied by different breeding pairs was 816 m ± 421 SD. Kingfishers used river banks and wind throws to dig a burrow. The nest site location, but not nest parameters, was affected by the maximal height of the suitable area of the wall. As wind throws had larger suitable area, the location of nests in wind throws differed from the location in riverbanks. Breeding attempts were successful in 86% cases. The reason of unsuccessful breeding was mainly predation. Almost 72% of pairs bred two times per season, 17.9% of pairs three times and 10.7% of pairs four times per season. The most successful were the second and the third breeding attempts. Breeding pairs produced on average 6.43 young per successful breeding and 14.95 young per season. In total, 58% of pairs alternated breeding attempts. The rest of pairs overlapped attempts using different holes. Average distance between the holes concurrently used by a pair was 113.73 m (min = 0.3 m; max = 372 m). Neither this parameter nor the date of the first egg-lying in previous attempt affected the duration of the overlapping. |
Ambros, M; Baláž, I; Klimant, P; Tulis, F; Dudich, A; Stollmann, A; Somogyi, B; Horváth, G The occurrence of Pannonian root vole (Microtus oeconomus mehelyi) in small mammals’ communities in Danubian Plain Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 83-88, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ambros2016, title = {The occurrence of Pannonian root vole (\textit{Microtus oeconomus mehelyi}) in small mammals’ communities in Danubian Plain}, author = {M. Ambros and I. Baláž and P. Klimant and F. Tulis and A. Dudich and A. Stollmann and B. Somogyi and G. Horváth}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_83to88.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {83-88}, abstract = {Two orographic units, Podunajská rovina (Danubian Plain) and Hronská pahorkatina Highlands represent the border of Pannonian root vole’s central European population distribution area, where it colonises wet habitats. Communities of small mammals, especially the occurrence of Root vole, were investigated during the period 1981–2015 along the rivers Danube, Váh, Nitra, Žitava and Ipeľ. We investigated 146 sites and the occurrence of Root vole was confirmed in 39 localities (177 ind.), where it occurred together with other 18 small mammal species (1610 ind.). Root vole, Bank vole and the Common shrew were eudominant species in these communities. The character of recent Root vole population in these areas is not well studied. The isolation of habitats, recent knowledge about dynamics of its demography or possibilities and abilities for migration, indicate a prospect of metapopulation structure of this population. The answers to these questions will provide fundamental consequences for modifying or changing the conservation management strategy of this species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two orographic units, Podunajská rovina (Danubian Plain) and Hronská pahorkatina Highlands represent the border of Pannonian root vole’s central European population distribution area, where it colonises wet habitats. Communities of small mammals, especially the occurrence of Root vole, were investigated during the period 1981–2015 along the rivers Danube, Váh, Nitra, Žitava and Ipeľ. We investigated 146 sites and the occurrence of Root vole was confirmed in 39 localities (177 ind.), where it occurred together with other 18 small mammal species (1610 ind.). Root vole, Bank vole and the Common shrew were eudominant species in these communities. The character of recent Root vole population in these areas is not well studied. The isolation of habitats, recent knowledge about dynamics of its demography or possibilities and abilities for migration, indicate a prospect of metapopulation structure of this population. The answers to these questions will provide fundamental consequences for modifying or changing the conservation management strategy of this species. |
Bačkor, P The activity of bats in the Badínsky prales primeval forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 89-94, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bačkor2016, title = {The activity of bats in the Badínsky prales primeval forest}, author = {P. Bačkor}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_89to94.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {89-94}, abstract = {Primeval forests with their large heterogeneity with regard to composition of tree species, age of trees or canopy coverage are excellent locations for studying various animals, especially bats. In Slovakia, where primeval forests comprise just 0.48% of total forest area any coherent knowledge about basic composition of bat species is lacking. To contribute to knowledge about the occurrence of bat species in Slovakia’s natural (primeval or old grown) forests, this study presents a first summary overview of bat species composition with regard to vertical utilization of their foraging habitat. We collected data in the Western Carpathian (Kremnické vrchy Mts) in old-grown primeval beech forest (>200 years) using the passive automatic bat-detector. The device was set up to the tree trunk in 5, 10 and 15 meters above the ground. Altogether was recorded 72 minutes (n = 22,544 bat calls, 311 records in average per night). The total of 10 bat species was determined. The number of recording varied according to height. Number of Myotis-group calls did significantly differ in individual recording heights but only between 5 and 15 meters, however such differences were absent in the case of non-Myotis group calls, as well as in both types’ calls merged together. Calls of Myotis-group were the most abundant whereas they represented 96.5% from all determined calls at 5 m above ground, but only 22.7% at height of 15 meters. The family Rhinolophidae (CF; frequency > 80 kHz) was not recorded. Only a small percentages of fast hawking species Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri (≤1%) was recorded. In general, the results are in accordance with similar studies dealing with activity of bats in forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Primeval forests with their large heterogeneity with regard to composition of tree species, age of trees or canopy coverage are excellent locations for studying various animals, especially bats. In Slovakia, where primeval forests comprise just 0.48% of total forest area any coherent knowledge about basic composition of bat species is lacking. To contribute to knowledge about the occurrence of bat species in Slovakia’s natural (primeval or old grown) forests, this study presents a first summary overview of bat species composition with regard to vertical utilization of their foraging habitat. We collected data in the Western Carpathian (Kremnické vrchy Mts) in old-grown primeval beech forest (>200 years) using the passive automatic bat-detector. The device was set up to the tree trunk in 5, 10 and 15 meters above the ground. Altogether was recorded 72 minutes (n = 22,544 bat calls, 311 records in average per night). The total of 10 bat species was determined. The number of recording varied according to height. Number of Myotis-group calls did significantly differ in individual recording heights but only between 5 and 15 meters, however such differences were absent in the case of non-Myotis group calls, as well as in both types’ calls merged together. Calls of Myotis-group were the most abundant whereas they represented 96.5% from all determined calls at 5 m above ground, but only 22.7% at height of 15 meters. The family Rhinolophidae (CF; frequency > 80 kHz) was not recorded. Only a small percentages of fast hawking species Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri (≤1%) was recorded. In general, the results are in accordance with similar studies dealing with activity of bats in forests. |
Slamka, M Winter activity of European badger (Meles meles) in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 95-100, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Slamka2016, title = {Winter activity of European badger (\textit{Meles meles}) in Slovakia}, author = {M. Slamka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_95to100.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {95-100}, abstract = {In wide geographical distribution, the European badger is adapted to various climates, habitats and feeding conditions. At latitudes with severe winters, badgers build fat reserves in autumn and rest in winter. The effect of different temperature and climate to winter diurnal activity of badgers was studied in seven sites of the Javorie Mts and Pliešovská kotlina Valley in central Slovakia. Data were obtained from camera traps installed at badger setts and from snow tracking in three consecutive winters 2012–2015. As the considerable differences of weather conditions were found, also differences in diurnal activity in different winters appeared. The result shows that winter diurnal activity of badgers strongly depends on climate and air temperature. In average, badgers on five different setts were active more than 50% of days during January 2015 (average temperature –0.4 °C). Badgers were mainly nocturnal in winter months. Few cases of daylight activity were recorded only in second half of February, when also mating was recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In wide geographical distribution, the European badger is adapted to various climates, habitats and feeding conditions. At latitudes with severe winters, badgers build fat reserves in autumn and rest in winter. The effect of different temperature and climate to winter diurnal activity of badgers was studied in seven sites of the Javorie Mts and Pliešovská kotlina Valley in central Slovakia. Data were obtained from camera traps installed at badger setts and from snow tracking in three consecutive winters 2012–2015. As the considerable differences of weather conditions were found, also differences in diurnal activity in different winters appeared. The result shows that winter diurnal activity of badgers strongly depends on climate and air temperature. In average, badgers on five different setts were active more than 50% of days during January 2015 (average temperature –0.4 °C). Badgers were mainly nocturnal in winter months. Few cases of daylight activity were recorded only in second half of February, when also mating was recorded. |
➤ Volume 42(2) 2015
Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 75-88, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2015, title = {Evaluation of the ecological niche of some abundant species of the subfamily Platyninae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) against the background of eight ecological factors}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_75to88.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {75-88}, abstract = {Based on the results of 15 years of research in five regions in the steppe zone of Ukraine we have analysed the relationship between species of the subfamily Platyninae and the eight most significant ecological factors for litter macrofauna in forest ecosystems. In the forests of Ukraine Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) is a typical mesophile, with a slight preference for pine forests. C. erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) is at its most numerous in xeromesophilous moisture conditions with an average abundance of ants. C. fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) favours broad-leaved forests with 40–80% tree crown density, a sparse herbaceous layer, and clay soil with high salinity. C. melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) is at its most numerous in forests with a deep litter layer with average soil salinity. Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) is often found in forests with of low crown density and favours areas with high salinity. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) favours plots with scattered trees, thick grass, mesophilous moisture conditions and low abundance of ants. Limodromus krynickii (Sperk, 1835) inhabits forests with a thin litter layer, hygrophilous moisture conditions and soils with low salinity. Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) inhabits moist areas of forests with acid, sandy soil. The methods used in this research allow a quantitative multiple level assessment of the ecological niches of different species of litter invertebrate to be made.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the results of 15 years of research in five regions in the steppe zone of Ukraine we have analysed the relationship between species of the subfamily Platyninae and the eight most significant ecological factors for litter macrofauna in forest ecosystems. In the forests of Ukraine Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) is a typical mesophile, with a slight preference for pine forests. C. erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) is at its most numerous in xeromesophilous moisture conditions with an average abundance of ants. C. fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) favours broad-leaved forests with 40–80% tree crown density, a sparse herbaceous layer, and clay soil with high salinity. C. melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) is at its most numerous in forests with a deep litter layer with average soil salinity. Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) is often found in forests with of low crown density and favours areas with high salinity. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) favours plots with scattered trees, thick grass, mesophilous moisture conditions and low abundance of ants. Limodromus krynickii (Sperk, 1835) inhabits forests with a thin litter layer, hygrophilous moisture conditions and soils with low salinity. Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) inhabits moist areas of forests with acid, sandy soil. The methods used in this research allow a quantitative multiple level assessment of the ecological niches of different species of litter invertebrate to be made. |
Hudec, M; Tulis, F; Feszterová, M; Hreško, J Comparison of the andosols properties of forest and meadow ecosystems on the neovolcanic rocks of the Central Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 89-102, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hudec2015, title = {Comparison of the andosols properties of forest and meadow ecosystems on the neovolcanic rocks of the Central Slovakia}, author = {M. Hudec and F. Tulis and M. Feszterová and J. Hreško}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_89to102.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {The aim of the paper was to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixed forest soils and to compare their characteristics with meadow soils (mowed and xerothermic) situated at selected volcanic mountains of Central Slovakia. The andosols analysed were taken from the Kremnické and the Štiavnické mountains. The chemical and physical characteristics of andosols have been monitored. It was proved that in the mixed forests there is a constant input of fresh organic matter which affects the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and keeps it at a steady level. The highest value variability of TOC among seasons and the highest average value of TOC were proved to be in xerothermic meadows (8.93 ± 4.49%). The land use has a statistically significant impact on the differences between the values of active pH (F = 7.5001, p = 0.001) and exchangeable soil reaction (F = 18.8866, p = 0.000). Total nitrogen (NT) was affected by land use and was decreasing from xerothermic meadows to mixed forests (p < 0.001) in linear dependence similar to the TOC content (F = 11.7573, p = 0.000). The value variabilities of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basic cation (S) between soils of mixed forest and mowed and xerothermic meadows were statistically significant. The content of TOC negatively correlated with the sand fraction (soils of the mixed forest and xerothermic meadow) and the clay fraction (soils of monitored ecosystems).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the paper was to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixed forest soils and to compare their characteristics with meadow soils (mowed and xerothermic) situated at selected volcanic mountains of Central Slovakia. The andosols analysed were taken from the Kremnické and the Štiavnické mountains. The chemical and physical characteristics of andosols have been monitored. It was proved that in the mixed forests there is a constant input of fresh organic matter which affects the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and keeps it at a steady level. The highest value variability of TOC among seasons and the highest average value of TOC were proved to be in xerothermic meadows (8.93 ± 4.49%). The land use has a statistically significant impact on the differences between the values of active pH (F = 7.5001, p = 0.001) and exchangeable soil reaction (F = 18.8866, p = 0.000). Total nitrogen (NT) was affected by land use and was decreasing from xerothermic meadows to mixed forests (p < 0.001) in linear dependence similar to the TOC content (F = 11.7573, p = 0.000). The value variabilities of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basic cation (S) between soils of mixed forest and mowed and xerothermic meadows were statistically significant. The content of TOC negatively correlated with the sand fraction (soils of the mixed forest and xerothermic meadow) and the clay fraction (soils of monitored ecosystems). |
Lazorík, M; Kula, E Impact of weather and habitat on the occurrence of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods in mountain spruce forests Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 103-112, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Lazorík2015, title = {Impact of weather and habitat on the occurrence of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods in mountain spruce forests}, author = {M. Lazorík and E. Kula}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_103to112.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {103-112}, abstract = {Microclimatic factors (air temperature, soil temperature and moisture in the Ah and B horizons) were determined using AMET weather stations and VIRRIB sensors on four sites in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Republic) in 2007–2014. Simultaneously, pitfall traps were installed to monitor epigeic activity of myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea). No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of epigeic macrofauna and the microclimate of the studied forest stands. A linear curve was fitted to the data, demonstrating an increase in air temperature by 2.9 °C and a decrease in moisture by 4.49% over the eight years of monitoring. In this period, the catch of the studied groups of macrofauna decreased while the diversity of the monitored communities increased. Increasing temperature led to the occurrence of synanthropic species Porcellio scaber and the decline of montane centipede species such as Lithobius tenebrosus and Lithobius borealis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microclimatic factors (air temperature, soil temperature and moisture in the Ah and B horizons) were determined using AMET weather stations and VIRRIB sensors on four sites in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Republic) in 2007–2014. Simultaneously, pitfall traps were installed to monitor epigeic activity of myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea). No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of epigeic macrofauna and the microclimate of the studied forest stands. A linear curve was fitted to the data, demonstrating an increase in air temperature by 2.9 °C and a decrease in moisture by 4.49% over the eight years of monitoring. In this period, the catch of the studied groups of macrofauna decreased while the diversity of the monitored communities increased. Increasing temperature led to the occurrence of synanthropic species Porcellio scaber and the decline of montane centipede species such as Lithobius tenebrosus and Lithobius borealis. |
Muchová, Z; Bažík, J; Petrovič, F; Hreško, J; Konc, Ľ; Michal, P Perception of land consolidation by land owners: a case study Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 113-121, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Muchová2015, title = {Perception of land consolidation by land owners: a case study}, author = {Z. Muchová and J. Bažík and F. Petrovič and J. Hreško and Ľ. Konc and P. Michal}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_113to121.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {113-121}, abstract = {Land consolidation in Slovak Republic is claimed to be negatively perceived, although, there is no empirical evidence of this. This is used by administration to interfere with land consolidation. Based on owners’ opinion in cadastral area of Malý Báb, where land consolidation was carried out, we show that a positive view on land consolidation prevails (almost 80%). Groups of respondents with inclination to a negative perception (e.g. the seniors with bad experiences in the past, ignorant juniors) were identified, problematic areas (e.g. communication, mistrust, contributions to environmental measures) and lack of information (e.g. people with a lower education and juniors) highlighted. It seems that a positive attitude on land consolidation could be achieved with well-informed owners, provided their views and concerns will be respected.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Land consolidation in Slovak Republic is claimed to be negatively perceived, although, there is no empirical evidence of this. This is used by administration to interfere with land consolidation. Based on owners’ opinion in cadastral area of Malý Báb, where land consolidation was carried out, we show that a positive view on land consolidation prevails (almost 80%). Groups of respondents with inclination to a negative perception (e.g. the seniors with bad experiences in the past, ignorant juniors) were identified, problematic areas (e.g. communication, mistrust, contributions to environmental measures) and lack of information (e.g. people with a lower education and juniors) highlighted. It seems that a positive attitude on land consolidation could be achieved with well-informed owners, provided their views and concerns will be respected. |
Schneider, J; Vyskot, I; Redlichová, R The influence of age on the functional effect of forest stands with simplified spatial structure Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 122-129, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schneider2015, title = {The influence of age on the functional effect of forest stands with simplified spatial structure}, author = {J. Schneider and I. Vyskot and R. Redlichová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_122to129.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {122-129}, abstract = {The aim of this article is to present research on the relationship between forest stand age and its functional effect. Forest ecosystem (forest stand) age together with its stocking and health condition is specified as criterion characterizing forest stand (with simplified structure) actual stage, dynamics and functional effect on a base of realized analysis of wide spatial and time forest stand parameters data set. The criterion “forest ecosystem development phases” is used for forest age structure expression. It represents the percentage of forest stand age from a predicated period of its existence – rotation period. There were realized development dynamics analyses of particular forest functions and actual functional effects; forest stand age weight development as a reducing criterion for different forest stand conditions and model real effect of the forest functions development for chosen stand types. Research was carried out at the state enterprise Lesy ČR, s.p., organization unit Židlochovice. The results present a synergistic effect of functional reduction criterion on the real effect of forest stand functions. Simultaneously, the higher the forest stand age, the higher the importance of the forest stand condition and stocking.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this article is to present research on the relationship between forest stand age and its functional effect. Forest ecosystem (forest stand) age together with its stocking and health condition is specified as criterion characterizing forest stand (with simplified structure) actual stage, dynamics and functional effect on a base of realized analysis of wide spatial and time forest stand parameters data set. The criterion “forest ecosystem development phases” is used for forest age structure expression. It represents the percentage of forest stand age from a predicated period of its existence – rotation period. There were realized development dynamics analyses of particular forest functions and actual functional effects; forest stand age weight development as a reducing criterion for different forest stand conditions and model real effect of the forest functions development for chosen stand types. Research was carried out at the state enterprise Lesy ČR, s.p., organization unit Židlochovice. The results present a synergistic effect of functional reduction criterion on the real effect of forest stand functions. Simultaneously, the higher the forest stand age, the higher the importance of the forest stand condition and stocking. |
Šebestová, M; Holecová, M; Hollá, K; Šestáková, A Winter occurrence of diprionid larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) on pines in Central Europe: an effect of global warming? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 130-133, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Šebestová2015, title = {Winter occurrence of diprionid larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) on pines in Central Europe: an effect of global warming?}, author = {M. Šebestová and M. Holecová and K. Hollá and A. Šestáková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_130to133.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {130-133}, abstract = {During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collected insects from branches of Scotch pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (western Slovakia) using beating method. Four hymenopteran species in the larval stage were recorded in December 2013: Diprion similis (Hartig, 1834), Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793), Gilpinia pallida (Klug, 1812) and Gilpinia variegata (Hartig, 1834). The occurrence of diprionid larvae in the non-growing season has not been so far reported from Central Europe and may be a result of global warming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collected insects from branches of Scotch pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (western Slovakia) using beating method. Four hymenopteran species in the larval stage were recorded in December 2013: Diprion similis (Hartig, 1834), Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793), Gilpinia pallida (Klug, 1812) and Gilpinia variegata (Hartig, 1834). The occurrence of diprionid larvae in the non-growing season has not been so far reported from Central Europe and may be a result of global warming. |
➤ Volume 42(1) 2015
Boitsova, L; Zinczuk, E; Neprimerova, S; Balashov, E Distribution of total and clay-associated organic matter in profiles of arable loamy sand Spodosol Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 1-9, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Boitsova2015, title = {Distribution of total and clay-associated organic matter in profiles of arable loamy sand Spodosol}, author = {L. Boitsova and E. Zinczuk and S. Neprimerova and E. Balashov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_1to9.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {Stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) in clay particles is important when the effect of management practices on organic carbon sequestration is being assessed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in total SOM content in bulk soils and clay particles along four soil profiles under perennial grass-red clover and vetch-oat mixtures with and without farmyard manure (FYM) amendment. The results have shown that the highest accumulation of total SOM in bulk soil was observed in top horizons of soils amended with FYM for both crops. The total SOM content in bulk soil decreased down the soil profile but on average it was higher in the FYM-amended soils. Primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), as compared to phyllosilicates (micas and chlorite), dominated in clay-sized fractions of soils. The highest clay-associated SOM content was also determined in the topsoil horizons. A more pronounced effect of FYM on the content of clay-associated SOM was observed in the topsoil under vetch-oat mixture. The clay-associated SOM content decreased with soil depth and negatively correlated to abundance of micas (r = –0.50 to –0.99).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) in clay particles is important when the effect of management practices on organic carbon sequestration is being assessed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in total SOM content in bulk soils and clay particles along four soil profiles under perennial grass-red clover and vetch-oat mixtures with and without farmyard manure (FYM) amendment. The results have shown that the highest accumulation of total SOM in bulk soil was observed in top horizons of soils amended with FYM for both crops. The total SOM content in bulk soil decreased down the soil profile but on average it was higher in the FYM-amended soils. Primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), as compared to phyllosilicates (micas and chlorite), dominated in clay-sized fractions of soils. The highest clay-associated SOM content was also determined in the topsoil horizons. A more pronounced effect of FYM on the content of clay-associated SOM was observed in the topsoil under vetch-oat mixture. The clay-associated SOM content decreased with soil depth and negatively correlated to abundance of micas (r = –0.50 to –0.99). |
Brygadyrenko, V V; Svyrydchenko, A O Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 10-20, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2015b, title = {Influence of the gregarine \textit{Stenophora julipusilli} (Eugregarinorida, Stenophoridae) on the trophic activity of \textit{Rossiulus kessleri} (Diplopoda, Julidae)}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko and A.O. Svyrydchenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_10to20.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {10-20}, abstract = {Analysis of the contents of the intestines of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) revealed presence of gamonts of Stenophora daulphinia Watson, 1916, S. juli (Frantzius, 1846) Labbe, 1899 and S. julipusilli (Leidy, 1853) Crawley, 1903. For the analysis of the consumption of leaves of Acer negundo L. in the course of a two week laboratory experiment 122 specimens of R. kessleri infested with S. julipusilli, and 32 specimens not infested with gregarines were investigated. The initial and final body weight of each millipede was determined as well as the mass of food consumed, the amount of excrement produced and the extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli. No relationship between the amount of food consumed and initial weight of R. kessleri specimens was found. Nor was any dependence between the amount of excrement, amount of food consumed and change in body mass established. S. julipusilli gamonts and syzygys were found in 79.2% of millipede specimens. The infestation with gamonts of younger R. kessleri specimens was significantly lower than with average to large specimens of millipedes. The sex of the host was not found to influence food consumption, change in body mass or in mass of faeces. The extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli did not significantly differ between males and females of R. kessleri. In specimens not infested with gregarine gamonts the food consumption during the two-week experiment was at a high level, in those with a slight infestation (1–8 gamonts) it increased by 29%, in those with average and high extent of infestation it decreased by 8% compared with uninfested individuals. During the experiment influence of the number of S. julipusilli gamonts upon change in body mass and production of excrement by R. kessleri was not observed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Analysis of the contents of the intestines of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) revealed presence of gamonts of Stenophora daulphinia Watson, 1916, S. juli (Frantzius, 1846) Labbe, 1899 and S. julipusilli (Leidy, 1853) Crawley, 1903. For the analysis of the consumption of leaves of Acer negundo L. in the course of a two week laboratory experiment 122 specimens of R. kessleri infested with S. julipusilli, and 32 specimens not infested with gregarines were investigated. The initial and final body weight of each millipede was determined as well as the mass of food consumed, the amount of excrement produced and the extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli. No relationship between the amount of food consumed and initial weight of R. kessleri specimens was found. Nor was any dependence between the amount of excrement, amount of food consumed and change in body mass established. S. julipusilli gamonts and syzygys were found in 79.2% of millipede specimens. The infestation with gamonts of younger R. kessleri specimens was significantly lower than with average to large specimens of millipedes. The sex of the host was not found to influence food consumption, change in body mass or in mass of faeces. The extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli did not significantly differ between males and females of R. kessleri. In specimens not infested with gregarine gamonts the food consumption during the two-week experiment was at a high level, in those with a slight infestation (1–8 gamonts) it increased by 29%, in those with average and high extent of infestation it decreased by 8% compared with uninfested individuals. During the experiment influence of the number of S. julipusilli gamonts upon change in body mass and production of excrement by R. kessleri was not observed. |
Igondová, E; Majzlan, O Assemblages of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in peatland habitat, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 21-28, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Igondová2015, title = {Assemblages of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in peatland habitat, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows}, author = {E. Igondová and O. Majzlan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_21to28.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, abstract = {This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground beetles in peatland, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows in the Šuja peatbog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The main aim was to classify assemblages of beetles into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Carabids were sampled between May and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps and 1,627 individuals belonging to 55 species were registered in total. All features such as diversity, equitability, species composition, their preference for humidity and vegetation cover, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association and community index of the ground beetles were used to characterize ground beetle communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the carabid beetles at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. The scatter of species formed four groups of species associated with dry open lowland habitats, wetter woodland habitats, hygrofil wetland habitats and dry to semi wet unshaded habitats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground beetles in peatland, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows in the Šuja peatbog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The main aim was to classify assemblages of beetles into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Carabids were sampled between May and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps and 1,627 individuals belonging to 55 species were registered in total. All features such as diversity, equitability, species composition, their preference for humidity and vegetation cover, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association and community index of the ground beetles were used to characterize ground beetle communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the carabid beetles at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. The scatter of species formed four groups of species associated with dry open lowland habitats, wetter woodland habitats, hygrofil wetland habitats and dry to semi wet unshaded habitats. |
Polláková, N; Šimanský, V; Ložek, O; Hanáčková, E; Candráková, E The changes of nutrient and risk elements of top soil layers under canopy of different tree species and grassland in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 29-34, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2015, title = {The changes of nutrient and risk elements of top soil layers under canopy of different tree species and grassland in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková and V. Šimanský and O. Ložek and E. Hanáčková and E. Candráková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_29to34.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {29-34}, abstract = {Litter represents the input-output system of nutrients in forests. Since the aim of study was to extent the knowledge of nutrient and risk elements cycling in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovak Republic), we investigated the contents of selected elements in the litter of tree species and grassland, and compared them with the contents of elements in the surface soil layers (0–10 cm). Results showed that the richest on N, P, K macro-elements were sod of grass, rich was litter of maple, oak and surprisingly also yew. The correlation between quantity of exchange calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, copper and iron in the surface soil layers and litters was not significant. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations were found in case of zinc and manganese in litter and their available ions in the surface soil layers (Zn: r = 0.884, P < 0.001; Mn: r = 0.501, P < 0.05). Limit values of available cadmium and zinc content were exceeded in the soil for yews, Cd for Himalayan pines and lead for spruces. Higher contents of mentioned heavy metals in soil were attributed to bioaccumulation, as well as to atmospheric deposition.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Litter represents the input-output system of nutrients in forests. Since the aim of study was to extent the knowledge of nutrient and risk elements cycling in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovak Republic), we investigated the contents of selected elements in the litter of tree species and grassland, and compared them with the contents of elements in the surface soil layers (0–10 cm). Results showed that the richest on N, P, K macro-elements were sod of grass, rich was litter of maple, oak and surprisingly also yew. The correlation between quantity of exchange calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, copper and iron in the surface soil layers and litters was not significant. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations were found in case of zinc and manganese in litter and their available ions in the surface soil layers (Zn: r = 0.884, P < 0.001; Mn: r = 0.501, P < 0.05). Limit values of available cadmium and zinc content were exceeded in the soil for yews, Cd for Himalayan pines and lead for spruces. Higher contents of mentioned heavy metals in soil were attributed to bioaccumulation, as well as to atmospheric deposition. |
Schieber, B; Kubov, M; Pavelka, M; Janík, R Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 35-45, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schieber2015, title = {Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest}, author = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov and M. Pavelka and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_35to45.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {35-45}, abstract = {Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sampling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sampling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found. |
Tobiašova, E; Dębska, B; Drag, M The assessment of the soil organic matter of different ecosystems according to parameters of carbon Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 46-53, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tobiašova2015, title = {The assessment of the soil organic matter of different ecosystems according to parameters of carbon}, author = {E. Tobiašova and B. Dębska and M. Drag}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_46to53.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {In this study, the differences in the assessment of the soil organic matter (SOM) of 8 soils (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Regosol, and Dystric Planosol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) in Slovakia were compared. The quantity and quality of the SOM was assessed through the parameters of carbon in the total volume of soil and in the fractions of soil aggregates. The significant differences in the parameters of carbon between the ecosystems are more visible in the case of its assessment in the soil aggregates than in the total volume of soil and the results are influenced by the nature of SOM stabilization. The highest contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and labile carbon (CL) in the total volume of soil were in the forest ecosystem, but more significant differences in the contents of TOC and CL between the other ecosystems were determined only in the soil aggregates. The urban ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > agro-ecosystem followed then, and the most stabilized carbon was in the urban ecosystem. TOC and CL had higher portions in larger fractions of aggregates (>2 mm) that had the highest proportion in the meadow ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, the differences in the assessment of the soil organic matter (SOM) of 8 soils (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Regosol, and Dystric Planosol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) in Slovakia were compared. The quantity and quality of the SOM was assessed through the parameters of carbon in the total volume of soil and in the fractions of soil aggregates. The significant differences in the parameters of carbon between the ecosystems are more visible in the case of its assessment in the soil aggregates than in the total volume of soil and the results are influenced by the nature of SOM stabilization. The highest contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and labile carbon (CL) in the total volume of soil were in the forest ecosystem, but more significant differences in the contents of TOC and CL between the other ecosystems were determined only in the soil aggregates. The urban ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > agro-ecosystem followed then, and the most stabilized carbon was in the urban ecosystem. TOC and CL had higher portions in larger fractions of aggregates (>2 mm) that had the highest proportion in the meadow ecosystems. |
Vadel, Ľ; Dražil, T Vegetation characteristics of species-rich grasslands in the National Park Slovenský raj, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 54-66, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Vadel2015, title = {Vegetation characteristics of species-rich grasslands in the National Park Slovenský raj, Slovakia}, author = {Ľ. Vadel and T. Dražil}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_54to66.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {54-66}, abstract = {The paper presents phytosociological data of grassland communities in Kopanecké lúky in the National park Slovenský raj. Regarding the species richness, the studied meadows are extraordinary valuable and contain one of the highest number of vascular plant species at small scales in Europe. In 2012, we recorded 100 vascular plant species in the area of 25 m2. Within the study area, eight plant communities or vegetation types (characterised by specific species combination and species dominance) were ordered into the alliances Arrhenatherion elatioris, Violion caninae, Nardo strictae-Agrostion tenuis, Polygono bistortae-Trisetion flavescentis. All types of recorded vegetation represent transitional and successional stages. After 13–17 years the vegetation studied on permanent monitoring plots 5 × 5 m showed some changes. Meadows which have been regularly managed since 1990 have relatively stable species composition and species diversity. Abandoned plots experienced decrease in the total number of species and the emergence of expansive grasses like Calamagrostis varia (mesic and subxerophilic sites), Brachypodium pinnatum (wetter, mesic and subxerophilic sites) and Calamagrostis arundinaceae (mesic oligotrophic and acidic sites). In areas where cutting of trees, restoration or irregular mowing of meadows took place the number of species slightly increased. On the present, the plots are still threatened by expansion of Calamagrostis arundinacea species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents phytosociological data of grassland communities in Kopanecké lúky in the National park Slovenský raj. Regarding the species richness, the studied meadows are extraordinary valuable and contain one of the highest number of vascular plant species at small scales in Europe. In 2012, we recorded 100 vascular plant species in the area of 25 m2. Within the study area, eight plant communities or vegetation types (characterised by specific species combination and species dominance) were ordered into the alliances Arrhenatherion elatioris, Violion caninae, Nardo strictae-Agrostion tenuis, Polygono bistortae-Trisetion flavescentis. All types of recorded vegetation represent transitional and successional stages. After 13–17 years the vegetation studied on permanent monitoring plots 5 × 5 m showed some changes. Meadows which have been regularly managed since 1990 have relatively stable species composition and species diversity. Abandoned plots experienced decrease in the total number of species and the emergence of expansive grasses like Calamagrostis varia (mesic and subxerophilic sites), Brachypodium pinnatum (wetter, mesic and subxerophilic sites) and Calamagrostis arundinaceae (mesic oligotrophic and acidic sites). In areas where cutting of trees, restoration or irregular mowing of meadows took place the number of species slightly increased. On the present, the plots are still threatened by expansion of Calamagrostis arundinacea species. |
Ivanová, H Sordaria fimicola (Ascomycota, Sordariales) on Acer palmatum Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 67-71, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2015b, title = {\textit{Sordaria fimicola} (Ascomycota, Sordariales) on \textit{Acer palmatum}}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_67to71.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {67-71}, abstract = {During an investigation of the mycoflora of Japanese red maple trees growing in an urbanized area of Nitra, Slovakia, Sordaria fimicola (Roberge ex Desm.) Ces. & De Not) was isolated from affected leaves and branches of Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ L. This fungus was associated with symptoms of brown wood discoloration and leaf spottiness of these trees. Sordaria fimicola was recorded for the first time on Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ in Slovakia. The fungus is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci, and olivaceous to olivaceous-brown, one-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled ascospores with a colourless basal germ pore and surrounded by a gelatinous sheath.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During an investigation of the mycoflora of Japanese red maple trees growing in an urbanized area of Nitra, Slovakia, Sordaria fimicola (Roberge ex Desm.) Ces. & De Not) was isolated from affected leaves and branches of Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ L. This fungus was associated with symptoms of brown wood discoloration and leaf spottiness of these trees. Sordaria fimicola was recorded for the first time on Acer palmatum ´Atropurpureum´ in Slovakia. The fungus is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci, and olivaceous to olivaceous-brown, one-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled ascospores with a colourless basal germ pore and surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. |
➤ Volume 41(2) 2014
Brygadyrenko, V V; Reshetniak, D Y Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 109-133, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2014, title = {Morphological variability among populations of \textit{Harpalus rufipes} (Coleoptera, Carabidae): What is more important – the mean values or statistical peculiarities of distribution in the population?}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko and D.Y. Reshetniak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_109to133.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {109-133}, abstract = {The paper analyzes the variability of 19 characteristics (14 linear measurements, 4 angular characteristics and density of elytra downiness), as well as 8 morphometric indices for 391 imagoes of Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) collected in 9 forest, field and steppe ecosystems under various degrees of anthropogenic pressure in four administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine. The presence of significant (P < 0.001) negative asymmetry in females and absence thereof (P > 0.05) in males is typical for body length, head length, elytra length, distance between eyes, head width, prothorax width between the front angle and the back angle, elytra width between humeral angles, and maximum elytra width. For all these characteristics, the excess in males is not significant (P > 0.05), while in females in most cases it is significantly positive (P < 0.05), which is evidence that there is a large number of females with a greater length of the body and greater width of the head, prothorax and elytra. The absence of significant asymmetry (P > 0.05) in males and females proves the absence of directional selection in the populations of H. rufipes on the density of elytra downiness and value of the prothorax back angle. A significant negative asymmetry was recorded both in males and females for the maximum width of prothorax (P < 0.001) and body height (P < 0.05), i.е. unidirectional increase in these characteristics takes place in specimens of both sexes. As distinct from the linear measurements, for all 8 considered proportions of the body in specimens of both sexes the excess is significantly positive (P < 0.001), suggesting higher constancy of bodily proportions in H. rufipes than of absolute size. For most of the linear characteristics, a significant (P < 0.001) sexual dimorphism is recorded. No marked differences between the 9 populations studied within the groups of specimens of the same sex are recorded. In the areas where the annual burning of crop residues and litter is observed, differences between males and females in length are two times higher than the differences between males and females for the ecosystems with no such burning. In the driest areas, maximum elytra width – prothorax width ratio is observed in females. The vertex angle of elytra significantly differs in the populations of the various administrative districts. The average density of elytra downiness in males is 13.3% lower than in females. The results of PCA (principal component analysis) have shown that most of the linear characteristics were connected with the sex of the beetle, while variations in the angular characteristics and degree of elytra downiness bore no relationship to the sex of the H. rufipes specimens. The results of our research suggest that the mean values of morphometric characteristics in environmental studies may have less diagnostic value than the type of their distribution in the population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper analyzes the variability of 19 characteristics (14 linear measurements, 4 angular characteristics and density of elytra downiness), as well as 8 morphometric indices for 391 imagoes of Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) collected in 9 forest, field and steppe ecosystems under various degrees of anthropogenic pressure in four administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine. The presence of significant (P < 0.001) negative asymmetry in females and absence thereof (P > 0.05) in males is typical for body length, head length, elytra length, distance between eyes, head width, prothorax width between the front angle and the back angle, elytra width between humeral angles, and maximum elytra width. For all these characteristics, the excess in males is not significant (P > 0.05), while in females in most cases it is significantly positive (P < 0.05), which is evidence that there is a large number of females with a greater length of the body and greater width of the head, prothorax and elytra. The absence of significant asymmetry (P > 0.05) in males and females proves the absence of directional selection in the populations of H. rufipes on the density of elytra downiness and value of the prothorax back angle. A significant negative asymmetry was recorded both in males and females for the maximum width of prothorax (P < 0.001) and body height (P < 0.05), i.е. unidirectional increase in these characteristics takes place in specimens of both sexes. As distinct from the linear measurements, for all 8 considered proportions of the body in specimens of both sexes the excess is significantly positive (P < 0.001), suggesting higher constancy of bodily proportions in H. rufipes than of absolute size. For most of the linear characteristics, a significant (P < 0.001) sexual dimorphism is recorded. No marked differences between the 9 populations studied within the groups of specimens of the same sex are recorded. In the areas where the annual burning of crop residues and litter is observed, differences between males and females in length are two times higher than the differences between males and females for the ecosystems with no such burning. In the driest areas, maximum elytra width – prothorax width ratio is observed in females. The vertex angle of elytra significantly differs in the populations of the various administrative districts. The average density of elytra downiness in males is 13.3% lower than in females. The results of PCA (principal component analysis) have shown that most of the linear characteristics were connected with the sex of the beetle, while variations in the angular characteristics and degree of elytra downiness bore no relationship to the sex of the H. rufipes specimens. The results of our research suggest that the mean values of morphometric characteristics in environmental studies may have less diagnostic value than the type of their distribution in the population. |
Ivanová, H Birch necrotic leaf spots caused by fungal pathogens Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 134-140, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2014b, title = {Birch necrotic leaf spots caused by fungal pathogens}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_134to140.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {134-140}, abstract = {Microscopic fungi associated with lesions on the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. species growing in different greenery types of Nitra town are causal factors weakening the health state and vitality of these trees. Many of them caused anthracnose and formed small, irregular, circular brown spots with dark brown margins or broad necrotic blotches. Disease symptoms begin as a large spots or blotches, which rapidly widen and join, resulting in large areas of dead tissue. The fungi overwinter on infected fallen leaves. Sporulation begins when spring conditions become warm and wet. During the study of the mycoflora of birch leaves ten fungal species were recorded: Asteroma microspermum, Cryptocline betularum, Discula betulae, Marssonina betulae, Melanconium betulinum, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., Phyllosticta betulina, Pyrenopeziza betulicola, Stemphylium sp. In this work were described disease symptoms and some distinctive morphological features.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microscopic fungi associated with lesions on the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. species growing in different greenery types of Nitra town are causal factors weakening the health state and vitality of these trees. Many of them caused anthracnose and formed small, irregular, circular brown spots with dark brown margins or broad necrotic blotches. Disease symptoms begin as a large spots or blotches, which rapidly widen and join, resulting in large areas of dead tissue. The fungi overwinter on infected fallen leaves. Sporulation begins when spring conditions become warm and wet. During the study of the mycoflora of birch leaves ten fungal species were recorded: Asteroma microspermum, Cryptocline betularum, Discula betulae, Marssonina betulae, Melanconium betulinum, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., Phyllosticta betulina, Pyrenopeziza betulicola, Stemphylium sp. In this work were described disease symptoms and some distinctive morphological features. |
Janík, R; Bublinec, E; Dubová, M Space-time patterns of soil pH and conductivity in submountain beech ecosystems in the West Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 141-145, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Janík2014, title = {Space-time patterns of soil pH and conductivity in submountain beech ecosystems in the West Carpathians}, author = {R. Janík and E. Bublinec and M. Dubová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_141to145.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {141-145}, abstract = {In this work are summarised the results of a monitoring of pH values and conductivity which we have performed for 13 years in the localities of Kremnické vrchy Mts. The study locality, situated in the Western Carpathians Mts, was previously exposed to a moderate pollution only, and the pH values we obtained on a deforested plot in this locality were: 6.08 for precipitation water, 6.05 for the surface humus and 6.36 at a soil depth of 0.1 m. In a forest stand in the same locality we recorded 6.11 in the cover humus and then the values decreased down to 5.99 at 0.25m. The electric conductivity values showed a similar trend.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work are summarised the results of a monitoring of pH values and conductivity which we have performed for 13 years in the localities of Kremnické vrchy Mts. The study locality, situated in the Western Carpathians Mts, was previously exposed to a moderate pollution only, and the pH values we obtained on a deforested plot in this locality were: 6.08 for precipitation water, 6.05 for the surface humus and 6.36 at a soil depth of 0.1 m. In a forest stand in the same locality we recorded 6.11 in the cover humus and then the values decreased down to 5.99 at 0.25m. The electric conductivity values showed a similar trend. |
Kellerová, D; Janík, R Analysis of ambient ozone in a foothill area in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 146-152, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kellerová2014, title = {Analysis of ambient ozone in a foothill area in the Western Carpathians}, author = {D. Kellerová and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_146to152.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {146-152}, abstract = {This work analyses the ambient ozone concentrations measured during 1999–2008, parallel on two research plots differing in their vegetation cover (beech forest stand and open plot), situated in a rural area. There was detected a difference in the ozone concentration values between the two plots due to their spatial arrangement, but this difference was not significant. On the other hand, a noticeable statistically significant difference in ozone concentrations and differences in selected climatic variables were observed. The influence of average temperature and of rainfall sum was very significant, at p < 0.0001. The variability of the measured ambient ozone values ranged from 50.01% in the stand to 57.36% on the open plot. Ozone maxima occurred frequently, mainly after the year 2004. The increase in ozone concentrations, primarily in form of extreme events, means a serious risk for the environment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work analyses the ambient ozone concentrations measured during 1999–2008, parallel on two research plots differing in their vegetation cover (beech forest stand and open plot), situated in a rural area. There was detected a difference in the ozone concentration values between the two plots due to their spatial arrangement, but this difference was not significant. On the other hand, a noticeable statistically significant difference in ozone concentrations and differences in selected climatic variables were observed. The influence of average temperature and of rainfall sum was very significant, at p < 0.0001. The variability of the measured ambient ozone values ranged from 50.01% in the stand to 57.36% on the open plot. Ozone maxima occurred frequently, mainly after the year 2004. The increase in ozone concentrations, primarily in form of extreme events, means a serious risk for the environment. |
Mihál, I; Blanár, D Fungi and slime molds of alder and willow alluvial forests of the upper part of the Muránka river (central Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 153-172, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2014, title = {Fungi and slime molds of alder and willow alluvial forests of the upper part of the Muránka river (central Slovakia)}, author = {I. Mihál and D. Blanár}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_153to172.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {153-172}, abstract = {Mycological and floristic research was carried out in alluvial forests (alliances Alnion incanae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 and Salicion albae Soó 1930) in the alluvium of the Muránka river in the north-western part of the Gemer region in central Slovakia during 2009–2012. In the studied forest stands the authors identified altogether 236 macromycetes and 13 slime molds (in total 249 taxa). As the first records for Slovakia following specimens were found out: Diderma globosum var. europaeum, Fuligo laeviderma (Myxomycota), Entomophthora coleopterorum (Zygomycota), Acrospermum compressum, Belonopsis filispora, Echnoa infernalis, Xylaria digitata (Ascomycota) and Hohenbuehelia angustata, Melampsora amygdalinae (Basidiomycota). The highest number of taxa belong among lignicolous saprotrophes (158 species) and terrestric saprotrophes (51 species), this might be because of enough dead wood substrate and rich humus litter layer on alluvial soils in the habitats. On the other hand, the number of lignicolous parasites (13 taxa) and ectomycorrhizal symbionts (11 taxa) were rather low.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mycological and floristic research was carried out in alluvial forests (alliances Alnion incanae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 and Salicion albae Soó 1930) in the alluvium of the Muránka river in the north-western part of the Gemer region in central Slovakia during 2009–2012. In the studied forest stands the authors identified altogether 236 macromycetes and 13 slime molds (in total 249 taxa). As the first records for Slovakia following specimens were found out: Diderma globosum var. europaeum, Fuligo laeviderma (Myxomycota), Entomophthora coleopterorum (Zygomycota), Acrospermum compressum, Belonopsis filispora, Echnoa infernalis, Xylaria digitata (Ascomycota) and Hohenbuehelia angustata, Melampsora amygdalinae (Basidiomycota). The highest number of taxa belong among lignicolous saprotrophes (158 species) and terrestric saprotrophes (51 species), this might be because of enough dead wood substrate and rich humus litter layer on alluvial soils in the habitats. On the other hand, the number of lignicolous parasites (13 taxa) and ectomycorrhizal symbionts (11 taxa) were rather low. |
Pástorová, A; Škvareninová, J; Střelcová, K; Leštianska, A Temporal variability of spring phenological phases and diameter increment of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) provenances Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 173-183, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pástorová2014, title = {Temporal variability of spring phenological phases and diameter increment of Norway spruce (\textit{Picea abies} /L./ Karst.) provenances}, author = {A. Pástorová and J. Škvareninová and K. Střelcová and A. Leštianska}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_173to183.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {173-183}, abstract = {The presented paper analyses temporal variability of the beginning, end, and the length of growth, and of the selected spring phenological phases of Norway spruce. The experiment was performed on three provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) originating from the orographical unit of Volovské vrchy, and growing in Borová hora arboretum, during the three years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The examined provenances were selected on the base of the elevation gradient from three elevations: 500 m a.s.l., 750 m a.s.l. and 1,100 m a.s.l. Tree stem circumference changes were continuously measured, and spring phenological phases were assessed. Our results proved that a significant temporal shift in the onset of the phenophases to a later period occurs in provenances originating from higher elevation. We found that during the period from 2010 to 2012, the sum of the effective air and soil temperatures needed for the onset of the phenological phases decreased from one year to another. The highest effective sums of air and soil temperatures were required for the provenance originating from the highest elevation (1,100 m). The analysis of diameter increment showed that the lowest increment value equal to 4.35% was recorded in April 2010, while the increment in April 2011 was 13.11% and in 2012 it was 10.09% of the overall increment of the stem diameter in growing season. This was caused by the later onset of spring phenophases in April 2010 caused by lower air temperatures in this month.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The presented paper analyses temporal variability of the beginning, end, and the length of growth, and of the selected spring phenological phases of Norway spruce. The experiment was performed on three provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) originating from the orographical unit of Volovské vrchy, and growing in Borová hora arboretum, during the three years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The examined provenances were selected on the base of the elevation gradient from three elevations: 500 m a.s.l., 750 m a.s.l. and 1,100 m a.s.l. Tree stem circumference changes were continuously measured, and spring phenological phases were assessed. Our results proved that a significant temporal shift in the onset of the phenophases to a later period occurs in provenances originating from higher elevation. We found that during the period from 2010 to 2012, the sum of the effective air and soil temperatures needed for the onset of the phenological phases decreased from one year to another. The highest effective sums of air and soil temperatures were required for the provenance originating from the highest elevation (1,100 m). The analysis of diameter increment showed that the lowest increment value equal to 4.35% was recorded in April 2010, while the increment in April 2011 was 13.11% and in 2012 it was 10.09% of the overall increment of the stem diameter in growing season. This was caused by the later onset of spring phenophases in April 2010 caused by lower air temperatures in this month. |
Pepich, P; Krajmerová, D; Saniga, M Using noninvasive DNA sampling to estimate abundance and some genetic properties of the Brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 184-194, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Pepich2014, title = {Using noninvasive DNA sampling to estimate abundance and some genetic properties of the Brown bear (\textit{Ursus arctos}) in the Western Carpathians}, author = {P. Pepich and D. Krajmerová and M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_184to194.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {184-194}, abstract = {In Slovakia, there is a constant need for scientifically based information to manage its bear population after it has been allowed to increase in size and range. In this study we assessed population size, sex structure and genetic variability of a local brown bear population in Strážovské vrchy Mts (North-western Slovakia). This goal has been achieved by using noninvasive method of genetic sampling in 2011–2012. Brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 94 out of 232 samples (41%), among which 24 unique genotypes were identified. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.56 in 2011 and 0.63 in 2012. Minimum population size was determined from the number of unique genotypes and population size estimates were calculated via Lincoln-Peterson CMR method (n = 38) and Rarefaction models according Kohn method (n = 36), Eggert method (n = 25) and Chessel’s equation (n = 19). Additionally, relative spatial activity and movement pattern of some individuals have been inferred from the distribution of typed samples.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Slovakia, there is a constant need for scientifically based information to manage its bear population after it has been allowed to increase in size and range. In this study we assessed population size, sex structure and genetic variability of a local brown bear population in Strážovské vrchy Mts (North-western Slovakia). This goal has been achieved by using noninvasive method of genetic sampling in 2011–2012. Brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 94 out of 232 samples (41%), among which 24 unique genotypes were identified. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.56 in 2011 and 0.63 in 2012. Minimum population size was determined from the number of unique genotypes and population size estimates were calculated via Lincoln-Peterson CMR method (n = 38) and Rarefaction models according Kohn method (n = 36), Eggert method (n = 25) and Chessel’s equation (n = 19). Additionally, relative spatial activity and movement pattern of some individuals have been inferred from the distribution of typed samples. |
Stašiov, S; Svitok, M The influence of stand density on the structure of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities in the submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 195-201, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Stašiov2014, title = {The influence of stand density on the structure of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities in the submountain beech forest}, author = {S. Stašiov and M. Svitok}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_195to201.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {195-201}, abstract = {The paper deals with the effect of stand density on the community composition of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities. The study was conducted in Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998 by pitfall trapping. In total, 17 species of centipedes from 4 families and 7 species of millipedes from 6 families were recorded. The intensity of previous thinning influenced the species structure of both studied communities. Species richness increased with increasing intensity of past thinning, especially for centipede communities. The effect of stand density was apparent for all but eurythopic species, namely: Lithobius forficatus, Lithobius mutabilis (Chilopoda) and Unciger foetidus, Polydesmus complanatus (Diplopoda).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper deals with the effect of stand density on the community composition of centipede (Chilopoda) and millipede (Diplopoda) communities. The study was conducted in Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998 by pitfall trapping. In total, 17 species of centipedes from 4 families and 7 species of millipedes from 6 families were recorded. The intensity of previous thinning influenced the species structure of both studied communities. Species richness increased with increasing intensity of past thinning, especially for centipede communities. The effect of stand density was apparent for all but eurythopic species, namely: Lithobius forficatus, Lithobius mutabilis (Chilopoda) and Unciger foetidus, Polydesmus complanatus (Diplopoda). |
Svyrydchenko, A O; Brygadyrenko, V V Trophic preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (2), pp. 202-212, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Svyrydchenko2014, title = {Trophic preferences of \textit{Rossiulus kessleri} (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species}, author = {A.O. Svyrydchenko and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss2_202to212.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {202-212}, abstract = {This article analyses the results of a 10-day laboratory experiment investigating the consumption preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohm.) when the leaf litter of 16 tree species was offered. During this experiment the rate of microbiological decay of the leaves of each tree species in the litter varied from 0.6 to 4.1% per day. The maximum rate of litter consumption by R. kessleri was found for Acer negundo L. (0.75 mg/mg of body weight per day), Quercus robur L. (0.50), Malus domestica Borkh. (0.36) and Cerasus vulgaris L. (0.35). For other tree species under investigation it did not exceed 0.11 mg/mg of body weight per day. In the dynamics of acclimation of R. kessleri to a new diet there are three main tendencies: 1) sharp increase in body weight on the first day of the experiment and stabilization thereof at a high level on the next day (for Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. there was a 39% gain in weight, for Salix alba L. 29%, respectively); 2) decrease during the first three days of the experiment and further stabilization of body weight at a level not significantly different from the initial one (for Populus alba L., Acer platanoides L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Gleditsia triacanthos L. and Aesculus hippocastanum L.); 3) long-term acclimation of about one-week’s duration with return to initial (Quercus robur L., Ulmus laevis Pall.) or lower body weight (Populus nigra L. – 13% lower than initial weight, Acer negundo L. – 12% lower, A. pseudoplatanus L. – 9% lower, Pyrus communis L. – 8% lower, Pinus sylvestris L. – 7% lower). In the conditions of absence of food in the container, average body weight for 4 days decreased by 10%, while a 50% death rate of the starved millipedes was recorded on the 6th day. The maximum proportion of daily weight of faeces (dry weight) to live body weight was observed in R. kessleri fed on Pinus sylvestris L. (0.58%), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (0.57%), Pyrus communis L. (0.54%) and Populus alba L. (0.53%). The minimum average daily formation of faeces was recorded in millipedes fed on Acer pseudoplatanus L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Malus domestica Borkh. and Aesculus hippocastanum L. (0.20–0.23% of body weight). A discrepancy in rates of microbiological and zoogenic decomposition of litter was found for various tree species in the conditions of the laboratory experiment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article analyses the results of a 10-day laboratory experiment investigating the consumption preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohm.) when the leaf litter of 16 tree species was offered. During this experiment the rate of microbiological decay of the leaves of each tree species in the litter varied from 0.6 to 4.1% per day. The maximum rate of litter consumption by R. kessleri was found for Acer negundo L. (0.75 mg/mg of body weight per day), Quercus robur L. (0.50), Malus domestica Borkh. (0.36) and Cerasus vulgaris L. (0.35). For other tree species under investigation it did not exceed 0.11 mg/mg of body weight per day. In the dynamics of acclimation of R. kessleri to a new diet there are three main tendencies: 1) sharp increase in body weight on the first day of the experiment and stabilization thereof at a high level on the next day (for Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. there was a 39% gain in weight, for Salix alba L. 29%, respectively); 2) decrease during the first three days of the experiment and further stabilization of body weight at a level not significantly different from the initial one (for Populus alba L., Acer platanoides L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Gleditsia triacanthos L. and Aesculus hippocastanum L.); 3) long-term acclimation of about one-week’s duration with return to initial (Quercus robur L., Ulmus laevis Pall.) or lower body weight (Populus nigra L. – 13% lower than initial weight, Acer negundo L. – 12% lower, A. pseudoplatanus L. – 9% lower, Pyrus communis L. – 8% lower, Pinus sylvestris L. – 7% lower). In the conditions of absence of food in the container, average body weight for 4 days decreased by 10%, while a 50% death rate of the starved millipedes was recorded on the 6th day. The maximum proportion of daily weight of faeces (dry weight) to live body weight was observed in R. kessleri fed on Pinus sylvestris L. (0.58%), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (0.57%), Pyrus communis L. (0.54%) and Populus alba L. (0.53%). The minimum average daily formation of faeces was recorded in millipedes fed on Acer pseudoplatanus L., Cerasus vulgaris L., Malus domestica Borkh. and Aesculus hippocastanum L. (0.20–0.23% of body weight). A discrepancy in rates of microbiological and zoogenic decomposition of litter was found for various tree species in the conditions of the laboratory experiment. |
➤ Volume 41(1) 2014
Bolvanský, M; Adamčíková, K; Kobza, M Screening resistance to chestnut blight in young chestnut trees derived from Castanea sativa × C. crenata hybrids Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 1-7, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bolvanský2014c, title = {Screening resistance to chestnut blight in young chestnut trees derived from \textit{Castanea sativa} × \textit{C. crenata} hybrids}, author = {M. Bolvanský and K. Adamčíková and M. Kobza}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_1to7.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {In 2010, 2011 and 2012 four trials were carried out to prove a reliability of the new screening method for resistance to chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica. In the selected trees of hybrid origin (C. sativa × C. crenata)) 10 cm long cut-branch sections were inoculated with mycelia of three virulent isolates and one hypovirulent isolate (in two last trials) and cultivated for 7 days in the dark at 25 °C with 95% humidity. Then the bark of branch segments was peeled off and the size of necrotic lesions formed on the wood tissue around the inoculation place was measured. The size of necrotic areas varied by sampling date, type of fungus strains and tested trees. In all three summer trials necrotic lesions were larger than lesions in a spring trial of 2011, in which still dormant stem sections were used. Unlike the summer trials in the spring trial higher differences in the size of necrotic lesions among tested trees and among used virulent strains were observed. In the spring trial interactions between tested trees and fungal isolates were not so frequent like in summer trials where more trees exhibited different response to the same virulent strain. Majority of trees showed different susceptibility in particular trials. Observed high variation of reactions of tested trees to both virulent and hypovirulent isolates has pointed at the need to prove other screening methods, and to find such one, that would be highly effective to reveal an inherited resistance and/or a lower degree of susceptibility to chestnut blight.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2010, 2011 and 2012 four trials were carried out to prove a reliability of the new screening method for resistance to chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica. In the selected trees of hybrid origin (C. sativa × C. crenata)) 10 cm long cut-branch sections were inoculated with mycelia of three virulent isolates and one hypovirulent isolate (in two last trials) and cultivated for 7 days in the dark at 25 °C with 95% humidity. Then the bark of branch segments was peeled off and the size of necrotic lesions formed on the wood tissue around the inoculation place was measured. The size of necrotic areas varied by sampling date, type of fungus strains and tested trees. In all three summer trials necrotic lesions were larger than lesions in a spring trial of 2011, in which still dormant stem sections were used. Unlike the summer trials in the spring trial higher differences in the size of necrotic lesions among tested trees and among used virulent strains were observed. In the spring trial interactions between tested trees and fungal isolates were not so frequent like in summer trials where more trees exhibited different response to the same virulent strain. Majority of trees showed different susceptibility in particular trials. Observed high variation of reactions of tested trees to both virulent and hypovirulent isolates has pointed at the need to prove other screening methods, and to find such one, that would be highly effective to reveal an inherited resistance and/or a lower degree of susceptibility to chestnut blight. |
Brygadyrenko, V V Influence of soil moisture on litter invertebrate community structure of pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 8-16, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2014b, title = {Influence of soil moisture on litter invertebrate community structure of pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_8to16.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {8-16}, abstract = {An analysis of litter invertebrate community structure of 141 pine forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine in five moisture gradations has been carried out. The absolute number of macrofauna individuals in the pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine is on average 5 times lower than in the corresponding mois- ture conditions of deciduous forests. The average number of species and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index increases from mesoxerophilous to hygromesophilous conditions. The relative number of saprophages increases when the degree of moisture increases from mesoxerophilous through to mesohygrophilous conditions. Zoophages do not change their number with optimisation of moisture conditions; only the number of their species increases. The relative number of polyphages decreases as the soil humidity increases. It is possible to observe significant deviations in the size structure of pine forest macrofauna in comparison with that of steppe zone deciduous forests: the share of 4–7 mm size group increases and the number of individuals with >20 mm body length decreases in most moisture gradations. In pine forest litter, Formicidae occupy the first place among dominants, in hygromesophilous and mesohygrophilous forest types Porcellionidae make up more than a quarter of macrofauna, while Lycosidae and Carabidae dominate in all moisture gradations. The results of the studies allow us to assess the importance of pine forests in the steppe zone as low for preserving biological diversity of litter macrofauna.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An analysis of litter invertebrate community structure of 141 pine forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine in five moisture gradations has been carried out. The absolute number of macrofauna individuals in the pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine is on average 5 times lower than in the corresponding mois- ture conditions of deciduous forests. The average number of species and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index increases from mesoxerophilous to hygromesophilous conditions. The relative number of saprophages increases when the degree of moisture increases from mesoxerophilous through to mesohygrophilous conditions. Zoophages do not change their number with optimisation of moisture conditions; only the number of their species increases. The relative number of polyphages decreases as the soil humidity increases. It is possible to observe significant deviations in the size structure of pine forest macrofauna in comparison with that of steppe zone deciduous forests: the share of 4–7 mm size group increases and the number of individuals with >20 mm body length decreases in most moisture gradations. In pine forest litter, Formicidae occupy the first place among dominants, in hygromesophilous and mesohygrophilous forest types Porcellionidae make up more than a quarter of macrofauna, while Lycosidae and Carabidae dominate in all moisture gradations. The results of the studies allow us to assess the importance of pine forests in the steppe zone as low for preserving biological diversity of litter macrofauna. |
Gáper, J; Sliacka, I; Hvolková, L Diversity and ecology of polypores in urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 17-23, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gáper2014, title = {Diversity and ecology of polypores in urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia}, author = {J. Gáper and I. Sliacka and L. Hvolková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_17to23.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {17-23}, abstract = {During the years 2010–2011, we recorded 102 findings of polypores including 20 taxa in three different kinds of urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia. The most abundant taxa were Phellinus igniarius s. l. (16 findings) and Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. J. Kickx (11 findings). There was also a broad range of the host plants (15 genera, 22 species). The most abundant species of the host plants were Acer platanoides L. (12%), Cerasus serrulata (Lindl.) Loudon (11%) and Salix × sepulcralis ‘Tristis’ (10%). 53% of polypores colonized stem, fewer of them (21%) colonized branches. We observed the polypores in the town parks, street lines (alleys) and streamside stands. City parks and alleys were the most often habitats of polypore occurrences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the years 2010–2011, we recorded 102 findings of polypores including 20 taxa in three different kinds of urban vegetation of northern, central and southern Slovakia. The most abundant taxa were Phellinus igniarius s. l. (16 findings) and Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. J. Kickx (11 findings). There was also a broad range of the host plants (15 genera, 22 species). The most abundant species of the host plants were Acer platanoides L. (12%), Cerasus serrulata (Lindl.) Loudon (11%) and Salix × sepulcralis ‘Tristis’ (10%). 53% of polypores colonized stem, fewer of them (21%) colonized branches. We observed the polypores in the town parks, street lines (alleys) and streamside stands. City parks and alleys were the most often habitats of polypore occurrences. |
Harmath, J; Schmidt, G; Forrai, M; Szabó, V Influence of some growth retardants on growth, transpiration rate and CO2 fixation of Caryopteris incana ‘Heavenly Blue’ Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 24-33, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Harmath2014, title = {Influence of some growth retardants on growth, transpiration rate and CO_{2} fixation of \textit{Caryopteris incana} ‘Heavenly Blue’}, author = {J. Harmath and G. Schmidt and M. Forrai and V. Szabó}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_24to33.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {24-33}, abstract = {In an experiment between May and October 2011, the effect of growth retardants Alar 85 SP 0.4% and 1%, Bumper 25 EC 0.1% and 1%, Cultar 1% and 2%, Cycocel 0.3% and 1%, Mirage 45 EC 0.2% and 1% was tested on Caryopteris incana ‘Heavenly Blue’ young plants. The young plants were sprayed with the retardants three times during the summer. The influence of these retardants on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves was measured by LCi infrared gas analyzing instrument three times: first on the 1st day, second on the 24th day, and third on the 43rd day after the last spraying. The most effective growth retardant was Cultar used in 2% and 1% concentration (that gave the smallest plants), followed by Cycocel and Alar 85 SP; while the effect of Bumper 25 EC and Mirage 45 EC was minimal. The growth retardants affected not only the growth of the plants. They had also some (weak) effect on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves. In most cases Cultar 1% and/or 2% and in some cases Mirage 1% showed the lowest values in comparison with all the other treatments, but no statistical correlation was found between their dwarfing effect and the results from LCi measurements.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In an experiment between May and October 2011, the effect of growth retardants Alar 85 SP 0.4% and 1%, Bumper 25 EC 0.1% and 1%, Cultar 1% and 2%, Cycocel 0.3% and 1%, Mirage 45 EC 0.2% and 1% was tested on Caryopteris incana ‘Heavenly Blue’ young plants. The young plants were sprayed with the retardants three times during the summer. The influence of these retardants on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves was measured by LCi infrared gas analyzing instrument three times: first on the 1st day, second on the 24th day, and third on the 43rd day after the last spraying. The most effective growth retardant was Cultar used in 2% and 1% concentration (that gave the smallest plants), followed by Cycocel and Alar 85 SP; while the effect of Bumper 25 EC and Mirage 45 EC was minimal. The growth retardants affected not only the growth of the plants. They had also some (weak) effect on the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation of leaves. In most cases Cultar 1% and/or 2% and in some cases Mirage 1% showed the lowest values in comparison with all the other treatments, but no statistical correlation was found between their dwarfing effect and the results from LCi measurements. |
Korolev, O V; Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 34-43, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Korolev2014, title = {Influence of individual variation in the trophic spectra of \textit{Pterostichus melanarius} (Coleoptera, Carabidae) on the adaptation possibilities of its population}, author = {O.V. Korolev and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_34to43.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {34-43}, abstract = {Data on the selection of food items by Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) obtained under laboratory conditions are discussed. An average of 40 prey species was offered to each individual during each separate experiment. Individual P. melanarius in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine eat zoophages of the I, II, and III orders, phytosaprophages and phytophages. Most ground beetle individuals prefer phytophages (up to 85%) in laboratory experiments, but certain individuals eat mostly zoophages of the II order, which make up more than 90% in their ration. The trophic preferences of P. melanarius can be classified into 5 clusters. In each of the clusters, there are representatives of 3 or 4 orders that belong to different trophic groups. One third of P. melanarius individuals feed on the representatives of the Lumbricomorpha order, one quarter on prey items from the Coleoptera and Isopoda orders. In 30% of the individuals studied it is difficult to single out a dominant taxonomic group in the feeding spectrum. During our laboratory experiments half the P. melanarius individuals selected prey items with a body mass of less than their own weight, others selected prey items that exceeded their own size. No distinct dependence exists between the individual variation in the trophic spectra of P. melanarius and their morphometric characteristics. Thus, P. melanarius is able to influence differentially various trophic, size-and-weight and taxonomic groups of invertebrate animals, producing a significant effect on the structure of invertebrate animal communities of the leaf litter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Data on the selection of food items by Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) obtained under laboratory conditions are discussed. An average of 40 prey species was offered to each individual during each separate experiment. Individual P. melanarius in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine eat zoophages of the I, II, and III orders, phytosaprophages and phytophages. Most ground beetle individuals prefer phytophages (up to 85%) in laboratory experiments, but certain individuals eat mostly zoophages of the II order, which make up more than 90% in their ration. The trophic preferences of P. melanarius can be classified into 5 clusters. In each of the clusters, there are representatives of 3 or 4 orders that belong to different trophic groups. One third of P. melanarius individuals feed on the representatives of the Lumbricomorpha order, one quarter on prey items from the Coleoptera and Isopoda orders. In 30% of the individuals studied it is difficult to single out a dominant taxonomic group in the feeding spectrum. During our laboratory experiments half the P. melanarius individuals selected prey items with a body mass of less than their own weight, others selected prey items that exceeded their own size. No distinct dependence exists between the individual variation in the trophic spectra of P. melanarius and their morphometric characteristics. Thus, P. melanarius is able to influence differentially various trophic, size-and-weight and taxonomic groups of invertebrate animals, producing a significant effect on the structure of invertebrate animal communities of the leaf litter. |
Kubišta, R Evaluation of the greenery in historic park in Beladice-Beladice, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 44-52, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kubišta2014, title = {Evaluation of the greenery in historic park in Beladice-Beladice, Slovakia}, author = {R. Kubišta}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_44to52.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {44-52}, abstract = {The work is a part of broader research of historic parks in the South-western region of Slovakia. Beladice is a small village 20 km from Nitra; composed of 4 former villages; the largest one carries the name Beladice. In each of them there is a manor surrounded by a park. Late baroque styled manor rebuilt at the end of 19th century has had an added functionalistic wing since 20th century. Park laid out on 6.6 ha and 2.4 ha was last time treated by Michal Strnad in 1906-07. In 2012 a plant inventory of the whole park was made using an author’s method. 800 trees, 35 shrubs and 65 groups of natural seedlings have been evaluated. Altogether 67 taxa were identified; from which 36 are broad-leaved trees, 23 conifers and 8 shrub species. The result of the stock taking is felling proposal for the ill, dangerous and compositionally unsuitable trees. The average health state of the trees is 3.55; their average compositional value is 3.25 and 50% of the plants should be removed due to the overgrown outplantings and lack of maintenance for over last 20 years.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The work is a part of broader research of historic parks in the South-western region of Slovakia. Beladice is a small village 20 km from Nitra; composed of 4 former villages; the largest one carries the name Beladice. In each of them there is a manor surrounded by a park. Late baroque styled manor rebuilt at the end of 19th century has had an added functionalistic wing since 20th century. Park laid out on 6.6 ha and 2.4 ha was last time treated by Michal Strnad in 1906-07. In 2012 a plant inventory of the whole park was made using an author’s method. 800 trees, 35 shrubs and 65 groups of natural seedlings have been evaluated. Altogether 67 taxa were identified; from which 36 are broad-leaved trees, 23 conifers and 8 shrub species. The result of the stock taking is felling proposal for the ill, dangerous and compositionally unsuitable trees. The average health state of the trees is 3.55; their average compositional value is 3.25 and 50% of the plants should be removed due to the overgrown outplantings and lack of maintenance for over last 20 years. |
Kuklová, M; Hniličková, H; Hnilička, F; Kukla, J Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of dominant plant species in fir-beech ecosystems affected by air pollution Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 53-61, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kuklová2014b, title = {Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of dominant plant species in fir-beech ecosystems affected by air pollution}, author = {M. Kuklová and H. Hniličková and F. Hnilička and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_53to61.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {53-61}, abstract = {Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of assimilatory organs of 4 dominant plant species were studied in fir-beech ecosystems (80-100-year-old stand) and parallel clear-cut area (10-year-old stand) in locality Hliníky situated in the buffer zone of the Slovenský raj National Park. Studied ecosystems are located on the area affected by human activities. The achieved results showed that the influence of stand climate and habitat conditions differentiated the measured characteristics. Significantly higher photosynthesis was observed in assimilatory organs of F. sylvatica, R. idaeus, D. filix-mas and V. myrtillus species in the fir-beech stand (range 5.79–16.10 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1) compared to the clear-cut area (range 4.54–12.89 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). V. myrtillus and F. sylvatica species reacted sensitively with significantly lower values of stomatal conductance (0.24, respectively 0.26 mol m–2 s–1) in clear-cut area; R. idaeus and D. filix-mas showed significantly lower values (0.57, respectively 0.29 mol m–2 s–1) in the fir-beech stand. Reduction of Fv/Fm under physiological limit was found for F. sylvatica species growing in clear-cut area, where the file of habitat conditions was not probably optimal. Energy content in phytomass of studied plant species varied from 18,511 J g–1 (R. idaeus) to 20,551 J g–1 (V. myrtillus). Significantly higher was only the mean value found for D. filix-mas species growing in the fir-beech stand (19,049 J g–1) compared to the clear-cut area (18,561 J g–1).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Physiological reaction and energy accumulation of assimilatory organs of 4 dominant plant species were studied in fir-beech ecosystems (80-100-year-old stand) and parallel clear-cut area (10-year-old stand) in locality Hliníky situated in the buffer zone of the Slovenský raj National Park. Studied ecosystems are located on the area affected by human activities. The achieved results showed that the influence of stand climate and habitat conditions differentiated the measured characteristics. Significantly higher photosynthesis was observed in assimilatory organs of F. sylvatica, R. idaeus, D. filix-mas and V. myrtillus species in the fir-beech stand (range 5.79–16.10 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1) compared to the clear-cut area (range 4.54–12.89 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). V. myrtillus and F. sylvatica species reacted sensitively with significantly lower values of stomatal conductance (0.24, respectively 0.26 mol m–2 s–1) in clear-cut area; R. idaeus and D. filix-mas showed significantly lower values (0.57, respectively 0.29 mol m–2 s–1) in the fir-beech stand. Reduction of Fv/Fm under physiological limit was found for F. sylvatica species growing in clear-cut area, where the file of habitat conditions was not probably optimal. Energy content in phytomass of studied plant species varied from 18,511 J g–1 (R. idaeus) to 20,551 J g–1 (V. myrtillus). Significantly higher was only the mean value found for D. filix-mas species growing in the fir-beech stand (19,049 J g–1) compared to the clear-cut area (18,561 J g–1). |
Mihál, I; Cicák, A; Tsakov, H Selected biotic vectors transmitting beech bark necrotic disease in Central and South-Eastern Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 62-74, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mihál2014b, title = {Selected biotic vectors transmitting beech bark necrotic disease in Central and South-Eastern Europe}, author = {I. Mihál and A. Cicák and H. Tsakov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_62to74.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {62-74}, abstract = {The authors mapped occurrence of three biotic vectors of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark necrotic disease: beech lice Cryptococcus fagi Bärensp. and moths Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller and Ectoedemia liebwerdella Zim. in several countries in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The role of these species in European beech pathology is discussed. We have found a massive occurrence of C. fagi in all the localities, with frequency values reaching up to 100%. The occurrence of beech lice was not limited by the locality altitude. The butterfly E. liebwerdella generally occurred in most localities, with exception of Poland and Romania. In contrast to C. fagi, occurrence of E. liebwerdella was limited by altitude. The upper occurrence limit in Slovakia was 800 m a.s.l., in Bulgaria it was 1,220 m a.s.l. (32%) and infrequent in 1,380 m a.s.l. (only 4%). The butterfly B. ulmella occurred everywhere, apart from Poland. Its frequency was always lower than that of C. fagi and E. liebwerdella. The maximum value (91%) was found in Slovakia in a beech stand strongly affected with airborne pollutants in the past. Our results show that the upper occurrence limit for this species was 900 m a.s.l. in Slovakia and 1,250 m a.s.l. (4%) in Bulgaria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The authors mapped occurrence of three biotic vectors of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark necrotic disease: beech lice Cryptococcus fagi Bärensp. and moths Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller and Ectoedemia liebwerdella Zim. in several countries in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The role of these species in European beech pathology is discussed. We have found a massive occurrence of C. fagi in all the localities, with frequency values reaching up to 100%. The occurrence of beech lice was not limited by the locality altitude. The butterfly E. liebwerdella generally occurred in most localities, with exception of Poland and Romania. In contrast to C. fagi, occurrence of E. liebwerdella was limited by altitude. The upper occurrence limit in Slovakia was 800 m a.s.l., in Bulgaria it was 1,220 m a.s.l. (32%) and infrequent in 1,380 m a.s.l. (only 4%). The butterfly B. ulmella occurred everywhere, apart from Poland. Its frequency was always lower than that of C. fagi and E. liebwerdella. The maximum value (91%) was found in Slovakia in a beech stand strongly affected with airborne pollutants in the past. Our results show that the upper occurrence limit for this species was 900 m a.s.l. in Slovakia and 1,250 m a.s.l. (4%) in Bulgaria. |
Schieber, B Effect of altitude on phenology of selected forest plant species in Slovakia (Western Carpathians) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 75-81, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schieber2014, title = {Effect of altitude on phenology of selected forest plant species in Slovakia (Western Carpathians)}, author = {B. Schieber}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_75to81.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {75-81}, abstract = {Phenological response of selected forest plant species to different ecological conditions along the altitudinal gradient were studied during the period of 5 years (2007–2011). Leafing as well as flowering phenophases were investigated within two herb species (Dentaria bulbifera and Galium odoratum) and three shrubs (Prunus spinosa, Rubus idaeus and Sambucus nigra), respectively. Altitudinal gradient was expressed by different altitude sites situated in Burda Mts (200 m a.s.l.), in Kremnické vrchy Mts (500 m a.s.l.) and in Poľana Mts (≥900 m a.s.l.) belonging to Western Carpathians. On average, the earliest onset of the phenophases was found in the low-lying sites and vice versa. For vegetative phenophases, phenological gradient expressing the shift in onset of the phenophases along the gradient reached the mean values from +2.7 to +3.6 days per 100 m. In the case of generative phases (flowering) within the species, the gradient moved from +3.0 to +4.3 days per 100 m of an altitude increase. Interannual variability in onsets of phenophases was also determined.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phenological response of selected forest plant species to different ecological conditions along the altitudinal gradient were studied during the period of 5 years (2007–2011). Leafing as well as flowering phenophases were investigated within two herb species (Dentaria bulbifera and Galium odoratum) and three shrubs (Prunus spinosa, Rubus idaeus and Sambucus nigra), respectively. Altitudinal gradient was expressed by different altitude sites situated in Burda Mts (200 m a.s.l.), in Kremnické vrchy Mts (500 m a.s.l.) and in Poľana Mts (≥900 m a.s.l.) belonging to Western Carpathians. On average, the earliest onset of the phenophases was found in the low-lying sites and vice versa. For vegetative phenophases, phenological gradient expressing the shift in onset of the phenophases along the gradient reached the mean values from +2.7 to +3.6 days per 100 m. In the case of generative phases (flowering) within the species, the gradient moved from +3.0 to +4.3 days per 100 m of an altitude increase. Interannual variability in onsets of phenophases was also determined. |
Šimková, I; Kuklová, M; Kukla, J Accumulation of Ct and Nt in humus and mineral soil layers: the effect of change of tree species composition in nudal beech forests Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 82-91, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Šimková2014b, title = {Accumulation of C_{t} and N_{t} in humus and mineral soil layers: the effect of change of tree species composition in nudal beech forests}, author = {I. Šimková and M. Kuklová and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_82to91.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {82-91}, abstract = {The effect of change of tree species composition on the content of carbon and nitrogen in surface humus and mineral soil layers was studied in the Kremnické vrchy Mts, in the phytocoenoses of forest type group Fagetum pauper. Research was conducted in six forest stands, which represented the natural mature beech stand and five changed stands – birch, spruce, larch, pine and beech pole stage. The research results showed that change of tree species composition had a partial influence on the content of Ct and Nt in soil layers of analyzed phytocoenoses. It was reflected the most in surface humus and topsoil 0–5 cm layers. The highest Ct content was found in surface humus of coniferous stands; in the case of Nt it was in humus horizons of deciduous trees. In the mineral soil layers significantly higher contents of Ct and Nt were found in coniferous stands, in comparison with deciduous stands. Forest stands with changed tree species composition showed a higher content of studied elements in humus horizons as well as in mineral soil layers. In deciduous stands higher C/N ratio was found in mineral layers in comparison with coniferous stands. Stands with changed tree species composition had higher C / N ratio in the subhorizons Ool, and towards to the depth profiles it decreased. Statistically significant differences were found out only in the 0–5 cm soil layers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effect of change of tree species composition on the content of carbon and nitrogen in surface humus and mineral soil layers was studied in the Kremnické vrchy Mts, in the phytocoenoses of forest type group Fagetum pauper. Research was conducted in six forest stands, which represented the natural mature beech stand and five changed stands – birch, spruce, larch, pine and beech pole stage. The research results showed that change of tree species composition had a partial influence on the content of Ct and Nt in soil layers of analyzed phytocoenoses. It was reflected the most in surface humus and topsoil 0–5 cm layers. The highest Ct content was found in surface humus of coniferous stands; in the case of Nt it was in humus horizons of deciduous trees. In the mineral soil layers significantly higher contents of Ct and Nt were found in coniferous stands, in comparison with deciduous stands. Forest stands with changed tree species composition showed a higher content of studied elements in humus horizons as well as in mineral soil layers. In deciduous stands higher C/N ratio was found in mineral layers in comparison with coniferous stands. Stands with changed tree species composition had higher C / N ratio in the subhorizons Ool, and towards to the depth profiles it decreased. Statistically significant differences were found out only in the 0–5 cm soil layers. |
Tobiašová, E; Dębska, B; Banach-Szott, M Soil structure and soil organic matter of different ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 92-99, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Dębska2014, title = {Soil structure and soil organic matter of different ecosystems}, author = {E. Tobiašová and B. Dębska and M. Banach-Szott}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_92to99.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {92-99}, abstract = {In this study, the soil structure of six soils of different ecosystems in Slovakia was compared. The stability of organic matter inside of aggregates was assessed through the carbon parameters – the index of carbon lability (LIc), carbon pool index (CPI), and carbon management index (CMI). The soil structure of different ecosystems was compared through the proportion of water-resistant macro-aggregates (WMA) and the parameters of soil structure – the coefficient of vulnerability (Kv), aggregates stability index (Sw), critical soil organic matter content (St), and index of crusting (Ic). The quality of soil structure was decreasing in the following order: forest ecosystem (FE) > agro-ecosystem (AE) > meadow ecosystem (ME) > grassy urban ecosystem (UE). In the FE, the WMA of the 1–3 mm size fraction had the highest proportion and in case of AE the highest proportion had WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. The highest content of labile carbon was incorporated into aggregates of the FE and the highest stabi-lity of organic matter was in the aggregates of the ME. According to parameter CMI, labile components are better protected in the smaller aggregates. An important indicator for the assessing of the ecosystem impact is WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. Increased proportion of this aggregate fraction refers to the deterioration of soil structure.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, the soil structure of six soils of different ecosystems in Slovakia was compared. The stability of organic matter inside of aggregates was assessed through the carbon parameters – the index of carbon lability (LIc), carbon pool index (CPI), and carbon management index (CMI). The soil structure of different ecosystems was compared through the proportion of water-resistant macro-aggregates (WMA) and the parameters of soil structure – the coefficient of vulnerability (Kv), aggregates stability index (Sw), critical soil organic matter content (St), and index of crusting (Ic). The quality of soil structure was decreasing in the following order: forest ecosystem (FE) > agro-ecosystem (AE) > meadow ecosystem (ME) > grassy urban ecosystem (UE). In the FE, the WMA of the 1–3 mm size fraction had the highest proportion and in case of AE the highest proportion had WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. The highest content of labile carbon was incorporated into aggregates of the FE and the highest stabi-lity of organic matter was in the aggregates of the ME. According to parameter CMI, labile components are better protected in the smaller aggregates. An important indicator for the assessing of the ecosystem impact is WMA of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. Increased proportion of this aggregate fraction refers to the deterioration of soil structure. |
Voleková, M; Krajmerová, D; Paule, L; Zhelev, P; Gömöry, D Folia Oecologica, 41 (1), pp. 100-105, 2014, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Voleková2014, title = {Natural hybridization in the genus \textit{Abies}: II. Mitochondrial variation in the hybridogenous complex \textit{Abies alba} – \textit{A. borisii-regis} – \textit{A. cephalonica}}, author = {M. Voleková and D. Krajmerová and L. Paule and P. Zhelev and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v41_iss1_100to105.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {100-105}, abstract = {Twenty nine fir populations originating from the putative zones of interspecific hybridization in southern Balkans were studied using a mitochondrial nad5-4 gene marker. The populations were classified to three taxa based on their geographical distribution and an overall taxonomical assessment at the population level based on needle and twig morphology: Abies alba Mill., Abies cephalonica Loud. and Abies borisii regis Mattf. Three haplotypes were found: 230 bp in Calabrian A. alba populations, 150 bp in Bulgarian and Macedonian A. alba populations, and 341 bp in A. cephalonica populations. Populations from central and northern Greece, classified as A. borisii regis, shared the 150 bp and 341 bp haplotypes with their closest neighbours, whereby haplotype frequencies changed clinally along the latitudinal gradient. This geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes supports the hypothesis that A. borisii regis represents a relatively recent hybrid swarm.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Twenty nine fir populations originating from the putative zones of interspecific hybridization in southern Balkans were studied using a mitochondrial nad5-4 gene marker. The populations were classified to three taxa based on their geographical distribution and an overall taxonomical assessment at the population level based on needle and twig morphology: Abies alba Mill., Abies cephalonica Loud. and Abies borisii regis Mattf. Three haplotypes were found: 230 bp in Calabrian A. alba populations, 150 bp in Bulgarian and Macedonian A. alba populations, and 341 bp in A. cephalonica populations. Populations from central and northern Greece, classified as A. borisii regis, shared the 150 bp and 341 bp haplotypes with their closest neighbours, whereby haplotype frequencies changed clinally along the latitudinal gradient. This geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes supports the hypothesis that A. borisii regis represents a relatively recent hybrid swarm. |
➤ Volume 40(2) 2013
Benčaťová, B; Koprda, J; Benčať, T The shrub and Black Locust communities of chosen parts of the Hron downs, the Slovak Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 157-162, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Benčaťová2013, title = {The shrub and Black Locust communities of chosen parts of the Hron downs, the Slovak Republic}, author = {B. Benčaťová and J. Koprda and T. Benčať}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Bencatova-2.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {157-162}, abstract = {The scrubland and Black Locust phytocoenoses belong to the substitute communities which constitute an important component in present cultural landscape. They arose and evolved according to certain rules. Their presence and arrangement is mainly dependent on the type of agricultural land. In the study area, around the Arborétum Mlyňany, these systems have become a permanent component of the vegetation. In our article there are given phytocenological and ecological characteristics of scrubland and Black Locust forest stands in the municipalities of Vieska nad Žitavou, Tesárske Mlyňany and Slepčany. Within the scrubland we determined association Ligustro-Prunetum R.Tx. 1952 with the ecological variations of Prunus spinosa and Vitis vinifera and within the Black Locust we determined association Chelidonio-Robinietum Jurko 1963, with ecological variant with Hedera helix and with facias with Rubus caesius and Vinca minor and association Bromo sterilis- Robinietum Jurko 1963 prov. For the allocation of communities were used numerical methods (JUICE, TWINSPAN), ecological analysis was conducted in the program JUICE. On the basis of the performed ecological analysis we can conclude that the communities are very similar in their ecological claims.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The scrubland and Black Locust phytocoenoses belong to the substitute communities which constitute an important component in present cultural landscape. They arose and evolved according to certain rules. Their presence and arrangement is mainly dependent on the type of agricultural land. In the study area, around the Arborétum Mlyňany, these systems have become a permanent component of the vegetation. In our article there are given phytocenological and ecological characteristics of scrubland and Black Locust forest stands in the municipalities of Vieska nad Žitavou, Tesárske Mlyňany and Slepčany. Within the scrubland we determined association Ligustro-Prunetum R.Tx. 1952 with the ecological variations of Prunus spinosa and Vitis vinifera and within the Black Locust we determined association Chelidonio-Robinietum Jurko 1963, with ecological variant with Hedera helix and with facias with Rubus caesius and Vinca minor and association Bromo sterilis- Robinietum Jurko 1963 prov. For the allocation of communities were used numerical methods (JUICE, TWINSPAN), ecological analysis was conducted in the program JUICE. On the basis of the performed ecological analysis we can conclude that the communities are very similar in their ecological claims. |
Ferus, P; Barta, M; Konôpková, J; Turčeková, S; Maňka, P; Bibeň, T Diversity in honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) seed traits across Danube basin Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 163-169, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferus2013c, title = {Diversity in honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) seed traits across Danube basin}, author = {P. Ferus and M. Barta and J. Konôpková and S. Turčeková and P. Maňka and T. Bibeň}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ferus.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {163-169}, abstract = {Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), in the past planted as ornamental, technical or forest tree, is presently considered as casually invasive tree in Danube basin. Since plant invasiveness is usually tightly associated with its reproduction biology, in this work we focused on characterization of seeds from honey locust populations across this area. Analysing seed coat colour, thousand seeds weight (TSW), seed projection area, seed thickness, percentage of germinated seeds and their germination energy, as well as portion of seeds infested by honey locust seed beetle (Megabruchidius tonkineus), consumed part of seeds and their germination ability in relation to seed characteristics, local temperature means and precipitation sums during vegetation period, we came to the following conclusions: seed coat colour diversity decreases with geographical latitude; TSW, seed projection area and thickness were negatively correlated to mean temperature and positively to precipitation sum; between percentage of naturally germinated seeds and TSW as well as seed thickness we found positive correlations; germination energy showed positive relation to mean temperature and a negative one to precipitation sum; and the same relations were observed for infested seeds percentage and consumed seed part. No infested seed was able to germinate. From these results we can conclude that in colder and wetter conditions higher seed germinability, and in warmer and drier conditions enhanced germination energy of seeds supports spreading of this tree species. However, honey locust seed beetle can significantly affect seed germinability in regions with warm and dry summers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), in the past planted as ornamental, technical or forest tree, is presently considered as casually invasive tree in Danube basin. Since plant invasiveness is usually tightly associated with its reproduction biology, in this work we focused on characterization of seeds from honey locust populations across this area. Analysing seed coat colour, thousand seeds weight (TSW), seed projection area, seed thickness, percentage of germinated seeds and their germination energy, as well as portion of seeds infested by honey locust seed beetle (Megabruchidius tonkineus), consumed part of seeds and their germination ability in relation to seed characteristics, local temperature means and precipitation sums during vegetation period, we came to the following conclusions: seed coat colour diversity decreases with geographical latitude; TSW, seed projection area and thickness were negatively correlated to mean temperature and positively to precipitation sum; between percentage of naturally germinated seeds and TSW as well as seed thickness we found positive correlations; germination energy showed positive relation to mean temperature and a negative one to precipitation sum; and the same relations were observed for infested seeds percentage and consumed seed part. No infested seed was able to germinate. From these results we can conclude that in colder and wetter conditions higher seed germinability, and in warmer and drier conditions enhanced germination energy of seeds supports spreading of this tree species. However, honey locust seed beetle can significantly affect seed germinability in regions with warm and dry summers. |
Fornal-Pienak, B Diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region in Poland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 170-175, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Fornal-Pienak2013, title = {Diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region in Poland}, author = {B. Fornal-Pienak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Pieniak.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {170-175}, abstract = {The paper is focused on diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region. The research was done in 20 historical parks. Parks were established in XVIII–XIX centuries (landscape historic style) on oak-hornbeam habitat. Nowadays these parks are without anthropic pressure since II World War. The methodology included two research stages: field research and indoor studies. Research assumed flora and syntaxonomic analysis. The field research was done in years 2010–2012, including 70 phytosociological records on the area 500 m2. Plant species are represented by natural, semi-natural and synantropical vegetation. There was observed impact for migration species from surroundings areas in study areas.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper is focused on diversity of flora in historical parks on example of Sokolow Podlaski Region. The research was done in 20 historical parks. Parks were established in XVIII–XIX centuries (landscape historic style) on oak-hornbeam habitat. Nowadays these parks are without anthropic pressure since II World War. The methodology included two research stages: field research and indoor studies. Research assumed flora and syntaxonomic analysis. The field research was done in years 2010–2012, including 70 phytosociological records on the area 500 m2. Plant species are represented by natural, semi-natural and synantropical vegetation. There was observed impact for migration species from surroundings areas in study areas. |
Galgóci, M; Maňka, P; Kormuťák, A; Čamek, V; Gömöry, D Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 176-180, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Galgóci2013, title = {Differentiation of some interspecific hybrids of firs (Abies sp.) according to the length of primary branches and number of their secondary branches}, author = {M. Galgóci and P. Maňka and A. Kormuťák and V. Čamek and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Galgoci.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {176-180}, abstract = {During 2011, the length of primary branches was measured in individual seedlings of firs representing 15 crossing variants. Measured branches were divided into separate groups according to the number of secondary twigs. Our data indicate the possibility for differentiation between the hybrid combinations based on length of their primary branches. The interspecific combinations A. pinsapo × A. alba and A. alba × A. pinsapo were more similar to mother species in this trait rather than to paternal parent. A given combination of different age differed primarily by the number of primary branches with a higher number of secondary branches in older seedlings. Comparison involving both primary and secondary branches appears to be more efficient in discriminating between hybrid combinations than comparison primary based on secondary branches alone.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During 2011, the length of primary branches was measured in individual seedlings of firs representing 15 crossing variants. Measured branches were divided into separate groups according to the number of secondary twigs. Our data indicate the possibility for differentiation between the hybrid combinations based on length of their primary branches. The interspecific combinations A. pinsapo × A. alba and A. alba × A. pinsapo were more similar to mother species in this trait rather than to paternal parent. A given combination of different age differed primarily by the number of primary branches with a higher number of secondary branches in older seedlings. Comparison involving both primary and secondary branches appears to be more efficient in discriminating between hybrid combinations than comparison primary based on secondary branches alone. |
Hoťka, P; Barta, M; Bibeň, T Study of the richest gene pool of trees and shrubs in Slovakia, in the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 181-187, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hoťka2013, title = {Study of the richest gene pool of trees and shrubs in Slovakia, in the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS}, author = {P. Hoťka and M. Barta and T. Bibeň}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hotka.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {181-187}, abstract = {An inventory of the gene pool of woody plants in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS was carried out in years 2001–2011. The results were summarized in 2012 to provide a data base for complete digitalisation of the living collections. This work discusses the history of introduction activities in the Arboretum, aged 120 years to this date. There are compared the results of introduction among the essential phases of building the woody plant collections. We discuss the characteristics of introduction of evergreen woody plants by the count Ambrózy-Migazzi (1892–1914), the phases of development of the research area of this academic institution from the year 1953 to the climax in the last 1990s, as well as the current state of its living collections. There are outlined possibilities for introducing new species into this park object.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An inventory of the gene pool of woody plants in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS was carried out in years 2001–2011. The results were summarized in 2012 to provide a data base for complete digitalisation of the living collections. This work discusses the history of introduction activities in the Arboretum, aged 120 years to this date. There are compared the results of introduction among the essential phases of building the woody plant collections. We discuss the characteristics of introduction of evergreen woody plants by the count Ambrózy-Migazzi (1892–1914), the phases of development of the research area of this academic institution from the year 1953 to the climax in the last 1990s, as well as the current state of its living collections. There are outlined possibilities for introducing new species into this park object. |
Ivanová, H Coniochaeta prunicola – causal factor involved in health state decline of selected trees of the genus Prunus Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 188-191, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2013c, title = {Coniochaeta prunicola – causal factor involved in health state decline of selected trees of the genus Prunus}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ivanova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {188-191}, abstract = {The record of Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) as a pathogen of host trees was described and illustrated from Nitra. This pathogen was isolated from symptomatic twigs and leaves of Prunus laurocerasus L. as well as from symptomatic leaves of Prunus persica Mill. and based on morphological attributes identified as a causative agent of this trees damage. C. prunicola is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, the fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly almond-shaped, ellipsoidal ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The record of Coniochaeta prunicola Damm & Crous (Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) as a pathogen of host trees was described and illustrated from Nitra. This pathogen was isolated from symptomatic twigs and leaves of Prunus laurocerasus L. as well as from symptomatic leaves of Prunus persica Mill. and based on morphological attributes identified as a causative agent of this trees damage. C. prunicola is characterized by dark brown ascomata clothed with setae, the fasciculate, unitunicate, cylindrical asci and broadly almond-shaped, ellipsoidal ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit. |
Konôpková, J; Bibeň, T Propagation of two selected species of the genus Pieris D. Don. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 192-200, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Konôpková2013, title = {Propagation of two selected species of the genus Pieris D. Don.}, author = {J. Konôpková and T. Bibeň}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Konopkova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {192-200}, abstract = {This work evaluates the results of propagation experiments of Mountain Pieris (Pieris floribunda /Pursh/ Benth. & Hook.) and Japanese Pieris (Pieris japonica /Thunb./ D. Don) we carried out in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS. The material was sampled from the two exemplars of these species growing in the Arboretum. The methods used were auto-vegetative propagation by cuttings and in vitro micropropagation. The response of the studied woody plant species varied according to the species and the method used. In Japanese Pieris, better results were achieved by vegetative propagation by cuttings; in Mountain Pieris, much more effective propagation method was micropropagation. We also studied the effect of climatic variables on the physiological conditions of the parent plants, and the overall rooting success in primary cultures obtained by micropropagation of Mountain Pieris. The data were recorded on each sampling event in the growing seasons 2011 and 2012. The process of micropropagation in Mountain Pieris was evaluated based on the production characteristics of the regenerants after the 3 rd sub-cultivation. The results confirmed statistically significant differences in the number of shoots/explants and in the concentration of chlorophyll a between the dates of the primary culture establishment. The maximum number of shoots/explants (10.9) was obtained in variant B (primary culture established on 07/21/2012) and the highest concentration of chlorophyll a 6.66 mg g –1 on dry matter was found in variant C (primary culture established on 08/24/2011).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work evaluates the results of propagation experiments of Mountain Pieris (Pieris floribunda /Pursh/ Benth. & Hook.) and Japanese Pieris (Pieris japonica /Thunb./ D. Don) we carried out in the Arboretum Mlyňany SAS. The material was sampled from the two exemplars of these species growing in the Arboretum. The methods used were auto-vegetative propagation by cuttings and in vitro micropropagation. The response of the studied woody plant species varied according to the species and the method used. In Japanese Pieris, better results were achieved by vegetative propagation by cuttings; in Mountain Pieris, much more effective propagation method was micropropagation. We also studied the effect of climatic variables on the physiological conditions of the parent plants, and the overall rooting success in primary cultures obtained by micropropagation of Mountain Pieris. The data were recorded on each sampling event in the growing seasons 2011 and 2012. The process of micropropagation in Mountain Pieris was evaluated based on the production characteristics of the regenerants after the 3 rd sub-cultivation. The results confirmed statistically significant differences in the number of shoots/explants and in the concentration of chlorophyll a between the dates of the primary culture establishment. The maximum number of shoots/explants (10.9) was obtained in variant B (primary culture established on 07/21/2012) and the highest concentration of chlorophyll a 6.66 mg g –1 on dry matter was found in variant C (primary culture established on 08/24/2011). |
Kormuťák, A; Čamek, V; Branná, M; Čelková, M; Vooková, B; Maňka, P; Galgóci, M; Boleček, P; Gömöry, D Introgressive hybridization between Scots pine and mountain dwarf pine at two localities of northern Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 201-205, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kormuťák2013, title = {Introgressive hybridization between Scots pine and mountain dwarf pine at two localities of northern Slovakia}, author = {A. Kormuťák and V. Čamek and M. Branná and M. Čelková and B. Vooková and P. Maňka and M. Galgóci and P. Boleček and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kormutak.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {201-205}, abstract = {Introgressive hybridization within hybrid swarm populations of Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo was analyzed in the localities Medzi Bormi and Sokolie, northern Slovakia, using species-specific trnV-trnH/Hinf I restriction profiles of chloroplast DNA of needles and zygotic embryos. The presence of trees with both P. sylvestris and P. mugo haplotypes indicates hybrid nature of the swarms. Molecular analysis revealed a relatively high rate of introgressive hybridization between putatively hybrid swarm individuals and the parental trees of the pure species P. sylvestris and P. mugo growing in the same localities. The proportion of hybrid seeds with P. sylvestris pollen donor averaged at 30.3%, whereas those with pollen donor of P. mugo at 19.8%. The results are discussed within context of the established crossability relationship between P. sylvestris and P. mugo.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introgressive hybridization within hybrid swarm populations of Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo was analyzed in the localities Medzi Bormi and Sokolie, northern Slovakia, using species-specific trnV-trnH/Hinf I restriction profiles of chloroplast DNA of needles and zygotic embryos. The presence of trees with both P. sylvestris and P. mugo haplotypes indicates hybrid nature of the swarms. Molecular analysis revealed a relatively high rate of introgressive hybridization between putatively hybrid swarm individuals and the parental trees of the pure species P. sylvestris and P. mugo growing in the same localities. The proportion of hybrid seeds with P. sylvestris pollen donor averaged at 30.3%, whereas those with pollen donor of P. mugo at 19.8%. The results are discussed within context of the established crossability relationship between P. sylvestris and P. mugo. |
Kožnarova, V; Hájková, L; Bachanová, S; Richterová, D; Škvarenina, J Phenological season onsets in the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 206-219, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kožnarova2013, title = {Phenological season onsets in the Czech Republic}, author = {V. Kožnarova and L. Hájková and S. Bachanová and D. Richterová and J. Škvarenina}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Koznarova.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {206-219}, abstract = {Phenological season onsets are defined according to the phenological stages onsets in typical plant species occurring in the Czech Republic. For processing phenological phases were chosen: beginning of flowering 10% of Corylus avellana L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert. and Galanthus nivalis L. (pre-early spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Cerasus avium (L.) Moench, Betula pendula Roth. and Acer platanoides L. (early spring); fully leaved Betula pendula Roth., Acer platanoides L. and Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. (full spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Tilia cordata Mill., Sambucus nigra L. and Dactylis glomerata L. (early summer); full ripeness of Sambucus nigra L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. (full summer); leaves colouring 10% of Betula pendula L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (early autumn); leaves fall 100% of Sambucus nigra L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (end of autumn). The season onsets were calculated from 40 phenological stations in the Czech Republic within 1991–2010. Phenological season onsets were executed by GIS methods (Clidata-DEM) into maps. The effect of altitude on the phenological phase onset and duration of selected phenological period (flowering and ripening of black elder) is described in phenotermopluviogram at selected stations (Lednice, 155 m a.s.l.; Měděnec 830 m a.s.l.).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phenological season onsets are defined according to the phenological stages onsets in typical plant species occurring in the Czech Republic. For processing phenological phases were chosen: beginning of flowering 10% of Corylus avellana L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert. and Galanthus nivalis L. (pre-early spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Cerasus avium (L.) Moench, Betula pendula Roth. and Acer platanoides L. (early spring); fully leaved Betula pendula Roth., Acer platanoides L. and Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. (full spring); beginning of flowering 10% of Tilia cordata Mill., Sambucus nigra L. and Dactylis glomerata L. (early summer); full ripeness of Sambucus nigra L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. (full summer); leaves colouring 10% of Betula pendula L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (early autumn); leaves fall 100% of Sambucus nigra L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia cordata Mill. (end of autumn). The season onsets were calculated from 40 phenological stations in the Czech Republic within 1991–2010. Phenological season onsets were executed by GIS methods (Clidata-DEM) into maps. The effect of altitude on the phenological phase onset and duration of selected phenological period (flowering and ripening of black elder) is described in phenotermopluviogram at selected stations (Lednice, 155 m a.s.l.; Měděnec 830 m a.s.l.). |
Kunca, A; Leontovyč, R Pines dieback caused by Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. in Slovakia in 2012 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 220-224, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kunca2013, title = {Pines dieback caused by Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. in Slovakia in 2012}, author = {A. Kunca and R. Leontovyč}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kunca.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {220-224}, abstract = {Serious pine dieback was reported in early spring 2012 from several localities in Slovakia. Needle and bark necrosis turning to twig cankers were the most conspicuous symptoms. There were no or at least not significant damages caused by bark beetles, leaf eating insects, root rots neither tracheomycosis. Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton was also excluded as the main pest agent, which played an important role in Pinus nigra Arnold dieback from 2000 to 2007. Laboratory examination revealed Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. as the agent responsible for that dieback. The knowledge on the pine dieback based on the field investigation and laboratory studies are presented and the reasons of the predisposing factors are discussed in the following paper.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Serious pine dieback was reported in early spring 2012 from several localities in Slovakia. Needle and bark necrosis turning to twig cankers were the most conspicuous symptoms. There were no or at least not significant damages caused by bark beetles, leaf eating insects, root rots neither tracheomycosis. Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton was also excluded as the main pest agent, which played an important role in Pinus nigra Arnold dieback from 2000 to 2007. Laboratory examination revealed Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. as the agent responsible for that dieback. The knowledge on the pine dieback based on the field investigation and laboratory studies are presented and the reasons of the predisposing factors are discussed in the following paper. |
Pastorella, F; Paletto, A A comparative analysis of image processing softwares to indirect estimation of leaf area index in forest ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 40 (2), pp. 225-236, 2013, ISSN: 1336-5266. |