@article{Jan_k_2022,
title = {The ground-level ozone concentration in forest and urban environments in central Slovakia},
author = {Rastislav Janík and Martin Kubov and Branislav Schieber},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10605-8},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-022-10605-8},
issn = {1573-2959},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
volume = {195},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Kubov_2022,
title = {Effect of Selected Meteorological Variables on Full Flowering of Some Forest Herbs in the Western Carpathians},
author = {Martin Kubov and Branislav Schieber and Rastislav Janí­k},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020195},
doi = {10.3390/atmos13020195},
issn = {2073-4433},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Atmosphere},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {195},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Kubov2020,
title = {Drought or Severe Drought? Hemiparasitic Yellow Mistletoe (\textit{Loranthus europaeus}) Amplifies Drought Stress in Sessile Oak Trees (\textit{Quercus petraea}) by Altering Water Status and Physiological Responses},
author = {Martin Kubov and Peter Fleischer Jr. and Jozef Rozkošný and Daniel Kurjak and Alena Konôpková and Juraj Galko and Hana Húdoková and Michal Lalík and Slavomír Rell and Ján Pittner and Peter Fleischer},
doi = {10.3390/w12112985},
issn = {2073-4441},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-24},
journal = {Water},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
abstract = {European oak species have long been considered relatively resistant to different disturbances, including drought. However, several recent studies have reported their decline initiated by complex changes. Therefore, we compared mature sessile oak trees (Quercus petraea (Matt.), Liebl.) infested versus non-infested by hemiparasitic yellow mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) during the relatively dry vegetation season of 2019. We used broad arrays of ecophysiological (maximal assimilation rate Asat, chlorophyll a fluorescence, stomatal conductance gS, leaf morphological traits, mineral nutrition), growth (tree diameter, height, stem increment), and water status indicators (leaf water potential Ψ, leaf transpiration T, water-use efficiency WUE) to identify processes underlying vast oak decline. The presence of mistletoe significantly reduced the Ψ by 1 MPa, and the WUE by 14%. The T and gS of infested oaks were lower by 34% and 38%, respectively, compared to the non-infested oaks, whereas the Asat dropped to 55%. Less pronounced but significant changes were also observed at the level of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry. Moreover, we identified the differences in C content, which probably reduced stem increment and leaf size of the infested trees. Generally, we can conclude that mistletoe could be a serious threat that jeopardizes the water status and growth of oak stands.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Janík2020,
title = {The ground-level ozone concentration in beech (\textit{Fagus sylvatica} L.) forests in the West Carpathian Mountains},
author = {Rastislav Janík and Martin Kubov and Branislav Schieber },
doi = {10.1007/s10661-020-8176-7},
issn = {0167-6369},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-12},
journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
volume = {192},
number = {4},
pages = {47-56},
abstract = {The amount of ground-level ozone in beech forests depends not only on the pollution intensity but also on the other environmental factors. This paper presents the analysis of the concentrations of ground-level ozone during the growing season (April–September) of beech trees, which represent the main objects modifying the microclimate conditions inside the forest. The research was localized in the Kremnické vrchy Mountains in Slovakia and realized during the period of 2004–2013. The study was carried out on four research plots with different stand structure which was caused by various intensities of cuts. Our results showed that the maximum concentration of ozone during this period was observed on the plot where the original beech stand (without management intervention) grown—maximal concentration reached the values from 44.0 to 50.0 ppb (in the sub-periods 2004–2008 and 2009–2013, respectively). On the other hand, the minimum concentration, 14.0 ppb, was found immediately after the cutting in 2004 on the plot, where all adult trees were removed. A similar course was found within average values of the ozone concentration on the research plots. Despite the fact that the results did not confirm significant differences among the plots, temporal trend showed an increasing concentration of ozone on all plots during the study period.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Kubov2019,
title = {Seasonal dynamics of macronutrients in aboveground biomass of two herb-layer species in a beech forest},
author = {Martin Kubov and Branislav Schieber and Rastislav Janík},
doi = {10.2478/s11756-019-00317-9},
issn = {0006-3088},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-08},
journal = {Biologia},
volume = {74},
number = {11},
pages = {1415-1424},
abstract = {The content of six macronutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg) in the aboveground biomass of two forest plants representing different life forms (Carex pilosa, a hemicryptophyte, and Dentaria bulbifera, a geophyte) was analysed in relation to selected phenological phases. The ability of the plants to accumulate nutrients from the soil into the biomass was studied using transfer coefficients (TCs). Additionally, we examined the temporal changes in nutrient ratios for both species. The study was performed in a beech ecosystem in central Slovakia (Kremnické vrchy Mountains). The content of available nutrients in the soil (Eutric Cambisol) decreased as follows: N > Ca > S > Mg > K > P. A higher ability to accumulate all elements into the biomass was found for Dentaria bulbifera in comparison to Carex pilosa. We found different patterns of nutrient accumulation between Dentaria bulbifera (N > K > S > Ca > Mg > P) and Carex pilosa (K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P). Temporal changes in the content of nutrients were more noticeable in Dentaria bulbifera, especially for N, S and P – the content of these nutrients diminished. On the other hand, the content of K and Ca in Carex pilosa rose over time. For both species, the highest TC was detected in the case of P and K. Clear temporal variability was also revealed ​​in some nutrient ratios, e.g., [N:K] and [Ca:P]. We confirmed that the nutrient content, nutrient ratio and transfer of macronutrients from the soil to plant biomass vary throughout the growing season in relation to the phenological phases of the plants. Similarly, the dynamics of both nutrient content and the accumulation of macronutrients in the biomass are related to the life form of the plant.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{JANÍK2018,
title = {Sulphate contamination, pH and conductivity of forest soils in two neighbouring mountains with different pollution in Slovakia from 1989 to 2013.},
author = {JANÍK, Rastislav - BUBLINEC, Eduard - KUBOV, Martin - KUKLA, Ján - SCHIEBER, Branislav},
url = {https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/swr.htm?volume=13&firstPage=129&type=publishedArticle},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.17221/218/2015-SWR},
issn = {1801-5395},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Soil and Water Research},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {139–149},
abstract = {The Štiavnické vrchy Mts. were strongly affected by pollution mostly from an aluminium plant in 1953–1989.
This paper compares contamination of soils between Štiavnické vrchy Mts. and the neighbouring little polluted
Kremnické vrchy Mts. from results of a 25-year study. After a decrease of emissions in Slovakia at the beginning
of the 1990s the sulphate sulphur content, acidity and conductivity of soil water have decreased only on the
surface and at a depth of 0.10 m at the study site in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. At the depth 0.25 m the increase
of sulphurization (23.68 kg/ha S-SO4 2– per year) and acidity (pH 4.92) was observed. During the research, the
total sulphate sulphur influx to this soil depth was 568.3 kg/ha. The average sulphur input in the study areas of
the Kremnické vrchy Mts. decreased with depth: from 18.48 kg/ha/year in the surface humus to 6.85 kg/ha/year
at a depth of 0.25 m. The maximum sulphur influx at the open plot was 24.06 kg/ha/year and in total 553.34 kg
S-SO4 2–. A small increase of acidity at soil depths of 0.25 m at some sites was observed also in the Kremnické
vrchy Mts. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant influence of sulphate sulphur content in the
atmospheric precipitation on the sulphur amount in the soil water. A significant correlation was also observed
between the precipitation amount and the sulphur content in soil water. Data from monitoring revealed significant
differences between the sulphur amounts at depths of 0.10 m and 0.25 m in these study areas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{B.2017,
title = {Effects of climate warming on vegetative phenology of the common beech Fagus sylvatica in a submontane forest of the Western Carpathians: two-decade analysis},
author = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov and R. Janík},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3161/15052249PJE2017.65.3.003},
doi = {10.3161/15052249PJE2017.65.3.003},
issn = {2450-1395},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
journal = {Polish Journal of Ecology},
volume = {65},
number = {3},
pages = {339-351},
abstract = {The paper examines the results of phenological research on common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during a period of 21 years (1995–2015) in the submontane beech forest of central Slovakia (Inner Western Carpathians). We focused on bud-burst, leaf unfolding and leaf colouring. Temporal analysis indicated that the mean monthly air temperature increased, especially from April to August. An extraordinary increase of air temperature in March and April, mostly in the last decade, was detected. The precipitation from May to August varied considerably, but in the range of the long-term mean value. During the study period, the mean/earliest/latest onset of the bud-burst of common beech was observed on the 110th /101st/120th day of the year (DOY), respectively. As for leaf unfolding 10% and 50% (LU 10 and LU 50), we found the mean/earliest/latest onset on the 114th/103rd/122nd DOY and on the 118th/108th/124th DOY, respectively. The mean/earliest/latest onset of leaf colouring 10% (LC 10) and 50% (LC 50) started on the 272nd/262nd/288th DOY and on 286th/276 th/298th, respectively. A medium degree of negative correlation (r = -0.68, P < 0.05) was found between air temperature and spring plant development (LU 50). In contrast, for both the cumulative temperature and precipitation, we found very low correlation with autumnal leaf phenology (r ≤ 0.3, P > 0.05). The vegetation period of the examined tree species lasted for 168 days on average (min/max were 155/183 days). Trend analysis revealed an earlier onset of spring phenophases by 7 days/2 decades. Conversely, a delay of autumnal phenophases by 9 days was recorded, so the vegetation period of beech extended by more than two weeks during the study period.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Schieber2016,
title = {Phenology of selected broad-leaved forest trees in a submountain beech forest: two decade analysis },
author = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov},
editor = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov},
url = {http://www.vulhm.cz/zlv_online&rok=2016&cislo=2},
issn = {0322-9688},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Reports of Forestry Research},
volume = {63},
number = {2},
pages = {90-99},
abstract = {Phenology of three selected deciduous forest tree species (Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cordata Mill. Quercus dalechampii Ten.) was studied in a submountain beech forest stand in central Slovakia. Two spring phenological phases – bud-burst and leaf unfolding 50% as well as two autumnal phases – leaf discolouration 10% and 50%, respectively were monitored over the period of twenty years (1995–2014). Analysis of the
air temperature showed its increasing values mainly in the period from April to August. On the other hand, the values of cumulative rainfall totals for the period from May to August had not clear trend. They were strongly volatile among the years with oscillation around the longterm average. Results of phenological research referred to the interannual variability in dating of phenological phases within the species, also
the differences among the species were found. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) were detected between dating of leaf unfolding and air temperature; the coefficients of correlation (r) moved from 0.83 (hornbeam) to 0.90 (oak). Correlations between cumulative rainfall totals and timing of autumnal leaf discolouration were significantly lower. Trend analysis revealed temporal changes in onset of the phenophases. Average onset of spring phenological phases was shifted to earlier dates, but trend in onset of the autumnal phenophases was the opposite. Onset of leaf discolouration was shifted to later dates, so vegetation period was extended. Among the trees, the dynamics of leaf unfolding did not show significant temporal changes, only hornbeam was the exception.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Schieber2015b,
title = {Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest},
author = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov and M. Pavelka and R. Janík},
url = {https://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/folia_42_1_2015_zmen.pdf},
issn = {1336-5266},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Folia Oecologica},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {35-45},
abstract = {Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sam-
pling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{M.2015b,
title = {The Relationship of Plant Phenology to the Activities of Bees},
author = {M. Kubov},
editor = {M. Kubov},
url = {http://147.213.211.222/node/3950},
issn = {0044-4863 },
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Životné prostredie},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {48-52},
abstract = {The main aim of this contribution is to present a useful life of insects honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in relationship to phenology. Phenology is studying periodicity of plant and animal life cycle events and how these are inflenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate. Beekeeping is one part of the phenology. Beekeeping as the livestock sector, we not only provides products for human nutrition and health (honey, mead, propolis, pollen, wax etc.), but also helps to contact people with nature. A honey bee (or honeybee) is member of the genus Apis. The primarily it is by the production and storage of honey and the construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax. Species of Apis are floral visitors in general. They pollinate a large variety of plants, but any case all plants. Only honey bees species Apis mellifera L. has been used extensively for commercial pollination of crops and other plants (pollinate 73 % plant from 80 % which pollinate insects).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}