CiteScore 2022: 2.5
SJR 2022: 0.412
SNIP 2022: 0.619
ISSN: 1336-5266 (Print)
ISSN: 1338-7014 (Online)
SEARCH IN JOURNAL
Folia Oecologica
CURRENT ISSUE - 51 (2) / 2024
Tkach, Viktor; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Kobets, Oleksii; Obolonyk, Iryna The outcomes of Quercus robur natural regeneration after clear-cutting in the north-eastern part of Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 136-145, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Tkach_2024, title = {The outcomes of \textit{Quercus robur} natural regeneration after clear-cutting in the north-eastern part of Ukraine}, author = {Viktor Tkach and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oleksii Kobets and Iryna Obolonyk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0013.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0013}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {136-145}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Enabling natural seed regeneration is important because natural stands grown from seeds are more productive compared to vegetative and artificial ones; they are also more resistant to adverse environmental factors and climate change. The aim of the study was to assess natural regeneration after clear-cutting in oak stands in the north-eastern Ukraine. The research was carried out in stands where regeneration cutting was carried out in years with different oak fruiting intensity. According to the recent inventory, the total regeneration quantity in clear-cut plots was from 16,800 to 28,900 stems ha–1, including 12,600–19,300 stems ha–1 of oak (60–85% of the total number), and a greater number of the regenerated oaks was recorded in the years of medium, good and very good acorn yield. It was established that the cutting must be carried out precisely in such years, preceded by pre-harvest cultural activities to promote oak natural regeneration. The composition of the formed young stands is optimal and meets the objectives of forest management in the study region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Enabling natural seed regeneration is important because natural stands grown from seeds are more productive compared to vegetative and artificial ones; they are also more resistant to adverse environmental factors and climate change. The aim of the study was to assess natural regeneration after clear-cutting in oak stands in the north-eastern Ukraine. The research was carried out in stands where regeneration cutting was carried out in years with different oak fruiting intensity. According to the recent inventory, the total regeneration quantity in clear-cut plots was from 16,800 to 28,900 stems ha–1, including 12,600–19,300 stems ha–1 of oak (60–85% of the total number), and a greater number of the regenerated oaks was recorded in the years of medium, good and very good acorn yield. It was established that the cutting must be carried out precisely in such years, preceded by pre-harvest cultural activities to promote oak natural regeneration. The composition of the formed young stands is optimal and meets the objectives of forest management in the study region. |
Košša, Jakub; Ambros, Michal; Dudich, Alexander; Baláž, Ivan Impact of environmental factors on small mammals and their fleas Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 146–153, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Ko_a_2024, title = {Impact of environmental factors on small mammals and their fleas}, author = {Jakub Košša and Michal Ambros and Alexander Dudich and Ivan Baláž}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0014.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0014}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {146–153}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Small mammals in the Horšianska dolina-Valley were researched first in 1984–86 and later in 2016–19. This paper seeks to identify and assess the species composition and dynamics of fleas (Siphonaptera) found in the valley on small mammals of Rodentia and Eulipotyphla and to compare findings from these two periods separated by thirty years. The results indicated deviations in small mammal and flea community similarity as well as in the small mammal indicator species for each habitat and flea indicator species for the small mammal species. A total 12 different species of small mammals were captured, and 12 flea species were collected. Eight flea species were detected in 1984–86 and ten species were found in 2016–19. In both periods A. penicilliger, C. assimilis, C. solutus, D. dasycnema, N. fasciatus were captured. The differences were that in the earlier period, the species uncovered were C. congener, P. bidentata, and P. soricis, while in the later period they were C. agyrtes, C. bisoctodentatus, M. turbidus, and R. integella. In the relationship between fleas and small mammals, C. solutus was the specific species for Apodemus flavicollis, while A. penicilliger and C. agyrtes were for Clethrionomys glareolus, and C. assimilis was for Microtus arvalis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Small mammals in the Horšianska dolina-Valley were researched first in 1984–86 and later in 2016–19. This paper seeks to identify and assess the species composition and dynamics of fleas (Siphonaptera) found in the valley on small mammals of Rodentia and Eulipotyphla and to compare findings from these two periods separated by thirty years. The results indicated deviations in small mammal and flea community similarity as well as in the small mammal indicator species for each habitat and flea indicator species for the small mammal species. A total 12 different species of small mammals were captured, and 12 flea species were collected. Eight flea species were detected in 1984–86 and ten species were found in 2016–19. In both periods A. penicilliger, C. assimilis, C. solutus, D. dasycnema, N. fasciatus were captured. The differences were that in the earlier period, the species uncovered were C. congener, P. bidentata, and P. soricis, while in the later period they were C. agyrtes, C. bisoctodentatus, M. turbidus, and R. integella. In the relationship between fleas and small mammals, C. solutus was the specific species for Apodemus flavicollis, while A. penicilliger and C. agyrtes were for Clethrionomys glareolus, and C. assimilis was for Microtus arvalis. |
Zábojníková, Lenka; Oxikbayev, Berikzhan; Korec, Filip; Nociar, Peter; Janiga, Marián; Haas, Martina Mercury in Zhongar Alatau (Kazakhstan) and Carpathian mountains (Slovakia): songbirds and mice as indicators Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 154–164, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Z_bojn_kov__2024, title = {Mercury in Zhongar Alatau (Kazakhstan) and Carpathian mountains (Slovakia): songbirds and mice as indicators}, author = {Lenka Zábojníková and Berikzhan Oxikbayev and Filip Korec and Peter Nociar and Marián Janiga and Martina Haas}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0015.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0015}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {154–164}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Anthropogenic activities have contributed to the increase of heavy metals and to the alteration of their natural cycles in the environment. Mercury (Hg) is now considered to be one of the most toxic elements whose levels need to be monitored in abiogenic and biogenic environmental compartments. It can enter the body of animal in several ways, mainly through contaminated food. In this study, we compared mercury levels in mouse hair and songbird feathers from Zhongar Alatau National Park in Kazakhstan and from national parks in Slovakia. We sampled mice of the genus Apodemus and songbirds of three genera – Parus, Phylloscopus and Turdus. Total mercury concentrations were measured using DMA-80. The results showed higher levels of Hg bioaccumulation in Slovakia than in Kazakhstan in both songbirds and mice. The three songbird species from Kazakhstan showed differences due to different feeding niches. High levels were found in thrushes, which are considered insectivorous ground feeders, whereas the lowest mercury concentrations were detected in tits, which are considered more generalist feeders. In Slovakia, the trend was different, with tits having similar levels of Hg to thrushes, a reflection of the different levels of contamination of environmental components. Mice showed overall lower concentrations than birds at both sites.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Anthropogenic activities have contributed to the increase of heavy metals and to the alteration of their natural cycles in the environment. Mercury (Hg) is now considered to be one of the most toxic elements whose levels need to be monitored in abiogenic and biogenic environmental compartments. It can enter the body of animal in several ways, mainly through contaminated food. In this study, we compared mercury levels in mouse hair and songbird feathers from Zhongar Alatau National Park in Kazakhstan and from national parks in Slovakia. We sampled mice of the genus Apodemus and songbirds of three genera – Parus, Phylloscopus and Turdus. Total mercury concentrations were measured using DMA-80. The results showed higher levels of Hg bioaccumulation in Slovakia than in Kazakhstan in both songbirds and mice. The three songbird species from Kazakhstan showed differences due to different feeding niches. High levels were found in thrushes, which are considered insectivorous ground feeders, whereas the lowest mercury concentrations were detected in tits, which are considered more generalist feeders. In Slovakia, the trend was different, with tits having similar levels of Hg to thrushes, a reflection of the different levels of contamination of environmental components. Mice showed overall lower concentrations than birds at both sites. |
Šamajová, Veronika; Marešová, Jana; Majdák, Andrej; Jakuš, Rastislav; Blaženec, Miroslav The spruce bark volatiles and internal phloem chemical profiles after the forest gap formation: the annual course Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 165–174, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{_amajov__2024, title = {The spruce bark volatiles and internal phloem chemical profiles after the forest gap formation: the annual course}, author = {Veronika Šamajová and Jana Marešová and Andrej Majdák and Rastislav Jakuš and Miroslav Blaženec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0016.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0016}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {165–174}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Our study explores the impact of sudden gap formation on the bark volatile and internal chemical profiles of Norway spruce trees during the initial dry year of research plot 2018 following gap formation. We investigated the annual variation in two main physiological traits of Norway spruce trees at the forest edge (FE) and in the forest interior (FI): bark monoterpene (MT) emission spectra and internal phloem MT composition. Given that gap formation increases the solar radiation dose and temperature for trees at the forest edge, we hypothesized that the concentrations of airborne terpenes released from the tree bark and internal phloem terpenes will increase as a consequence of induced tree defenses. Our findings demonstrate significant increases in both airborne terpene concentrations and internal terpene composition in trees at the forest edge compared to the control trees in the forest interior. This study provides novel insights into the annual dynamics of bark monoterpenes following forest edge establishment and underscores the physiological changes experienced by trees in response to the gap formation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study explores the impact of sudden gap formation on the bark volatile and internal chemical profiles of Norway spruce trees during the initial dry year of research plot 2018 following gap formation. We investigated the annual variation in two main physiological traits of Norway spruce trees at the forest edge (FE) and in the forest interior (FI): bark monoterpene (MT) emission spectra and internal phloem MT composition. Given that gap formation increases the solar radiation dose and temperature for trees at the forest edge, we hypothesized that the concentrations of airborne terpenes released from the tree bark and internal phloem terpenes will increase as a consequence of induced tree defenses. Our findings demonstrate significant increases in both airborne terpene concentrations and internal terpene composition in trees at the forest edge compared to the control trees in the forest interior. This study provides novel insights into the annual dynamics of bark monoterpenes following forest edge establishment and underscores the physiological changes experienced by trees in response to the gap formation. |
Georgieva, Margarita; Petkova, Krasimira; Molle, Emil Effects of needle cast diseases on the growth of a 33-year-old Douglas-fir provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 175-184, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Georgieva_2024, title = {Effects of needle cast diseases on the growth of a 33-year-old Douglas-fir provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria}, author = {Margarita Georgieva and Krasimira Petkova and Emil Molle}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0017.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0017}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {175-184}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In this study, the effects of defoliation caused by fungal pathogens on the tree vitality and growth of a 33-year old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria was presented. The results of the conducted surveys in 2011 and 2020 showed that there were significant differences between the individual provenances of Douglas-fir concerning their susceptibility to the needle cast diseases, caused by the fungal pathogens Rhabdocline pseudotsugae and Phaeucryptopus gaeumannii. The extent of damage, expressed as the amount of Douglas-fir needles cast, varied among provenance groups in individual years. A serious degree of defoliation was assessed among all continental provenances. In 2011, all examined trees from the group of continental provenances had severe symptoms of the needle cast disease. In 71.5% of them, the defoliation of the crowns was over 25% – moderately to severely affected. The average degree of defoliation varied from 18.3% (32 Wаrm Springs) to 89.3% (55 Alamogordo). In 2020, severe defoliation was found among all continental provenances. Both fungal pathogens were found as causes of the defoliation of 64.3% of the trees. The growth indicators: average height, average diameter at breast height, average height- and diameter increment for survived provenances in 2011 (at age 24) and 2020 (at age 33) were evaluated. The loss of needles and the reduced physiological function of the trees affected their vitality in the following years. Relationships between the average current annual height and diameter increment by provenance groups for 2003–2011 and 2011–2020 were calculated. It was found that with an increase in the degree of defoliation, the height and diameter increment of the provenances decreases.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, the effects of defoliation caused by fungal pathogens on the tree vitality and growth of a 33-year old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenance plantation in northwestern Bulgaria was presented. The results of the conducted surveys in 2011 and 2020 showed that there were significant differences between the individual provenances of Douglas-fir concerning their susceptibility to the needle cast diseases, caused by the fungal pathogens Rhabdocline pseudotsugae and Phaeucryptopus gaeumannii. The extent of damage, expressed as the amount of Douglas-fir needles cast, varied among provenance groups in individual years. A serious degree of defoliation was assessed among all continental provenances. In 2011, all examined trees from the group of continental provenances had severe symptoms of the needle cast disease. In 71.5% of them, the defoliation of the crowns was over 25% – moderately to severely affected. The average degree of defoliation varied from 18.3% (32 Wаrm Springs) to 89.3% (55 Alamogordo). In 2020, severe defoliation was found among all continental provenances. Both fungal pathogens were found as causes of the defoliation of 64.3% of the trees. The growth indicators: average height, average diameter at breast height, average height- and diameter increment for survived provenances in 2011 (at age 24) and 2020 (at age 33) were evaluated. The loss of needles and the reduced physiological function of the trees affected their vitality in the following years. Relationships between the average current annual height and diameter increment by provenance groups for 2003–2011 and 2011–2020 were calculated. It was found that with an increase in the degree of defoliation, the height and diameter increment of the provenances decreases. |
Barna, Milan; Mihál, Ivan Indicators of restoration in beech stands after air pollution: trees and macromycetes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 185–195, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Barna_2024, title = {Indicators of restoration in beech stands after air pollution: trees and macromycetes}, author = {Milan Barna and Ivan Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0018.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0018}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {185–195}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The aluminium smelter in Žiar nad Hronom has operated since 1953. As a result, the surrounding area is now one of the most polluted regions in Slovakia. Since the implementation of new production and filtration technologies in 1996, the amount of emissions has significantly decreased. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term restoration of an environment that has been damaged by fluorine-based air pollutants. We analysed the contamination of forest ecosystems in three beech stands at various distances from the emission source (2, 7, and 18 km). Signs of restoration in adult beech trees were observed through a decrease in defoliation and a reduction in the necrotic disease of the bark in tree crowns. However, the impacts of air pollution on ectomycorrhizal associations persist. In the reduced number of ectomycorrhizal fungal species (16 species in the polluted stand compared to 38 species in the control stand), the low representation of sensitive fungal orders (Cantharellales, Gomphales, and Boletales), and the indices of species richness and heterogeneity (Hill, Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon–Weaver). In some respects, the findings indicate that the beech ecosystem is capable of revitalization within 25 years after a reduction in air pollution. However, much more sensitive indicators of successful restoration, compared to the characteristics of the trees, are the communities of macromycetes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aluminium smelter in Žiar nad Hronom has operated since 1953. As a result, the surrounding area is now one of the most polluted regions in Slovakia. Since the implementation of new production and filtration technologies in 1996, the amount of emissions has significantly decreased. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term restoration of an environment that has been damaged by fluorine-based air pollutants. We analysed the contamination of forest ecosystems in three beech stands at various distances from the emission source (2, 7, and 18 km). Signs of restoration in adult beech trees were observed through a decrease in defoliation and a reduction in the necrotic disease of the bark in tree crowns. However, the impacts of air pollution on ectomycorrhizal associations persist. In the reduced number of ectomycorrhizal fungal species (16 species in the polluted stand compared to 38 species in the control stand), the low representation of sensitive fungal orders (Cantharellales, Gomphales, and Boletales), and the indices of species richness and heterogeneity (Hill, Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon–Weaver). In some respects, the findings indicate that the beech ecosystem is capable of revitalization within 25 years after a reduction in air pollution. However, much more sensitive indicators of successful restoration, compared to the characteristics of the trees, are the communities of macromycetes. |
Petlušová, Viera; Hreško, Juraj; Mederly, Peter; Moravčík, Marek; Petluš, Peter Spatial distribution of soil depth in relation to slope as a consequence of erosion-accumulation processes in loess lowland hills of Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 196–207, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Petlu_ov__2024, title = {Spatial distribution of soil depth in relation to slope as a consequence of erosion-accumulation processes in loess lowland hills of Slovakia}, author = {Viera Petlušová and Juraj Hreško and Peter Mederly and Marek Moravčík and Peter Petluš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0019.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0019}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {196–207}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In our study, we examined the influence of slope gradient on erosion processes and present soil formation and change on loess hills. We analysed data from the two study areas and found that slope gradient is a significant factor influencing soil depth as well as humus horizon thickness. At the Báb locality, we observed a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.206, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.227, p < 0.01). At the Nová Vieska locality, there was a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.334, p < 0.02), as well as between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.356, p < 0.01). These findings confirm that slope gradient is a key factor influencing soil formation in loess hills, and has a significant impact on its depth and soil profile. The analysis revealed that a critical slope of 3° significantly influences soil formation, with shallower soils and a thinner humus horizon occurring on steeper slopes. Our findings have important implications for planning erosion control measures and soil management depending on the location and slope gradient. Overall, our work provides insights into soil formation processes in loess hills and contributes to a better understanding of the interactions between slope gradient and erosive processes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In our study, we examined the influence of slope gradient on erosion processes and present soil formation and change on loess hills. We analysed data from the two study areas and found that slope gradient is a significant factor influencing soil depth as well as humus horizon thickness. At the Báb locality, we observed a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.206, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.227, p < 0.01). At the Nová Vieska locality, there was a negative correlation between slope gradient and soil depth (r = –0.334, p < 0.02), as well as between slope gradient and humus horizon thickness (r = –0.356, p < 0.01). These findings confirm that slope gradient is a key factor influencing soil formation in loess hills, and has a significant impact on its depth and soil profile. The analysis revealed that a critical slope of 3° significantly influences soil formation, with shallower soils and a thinner humus horizon occurring on steeper slopes. Our findings have important implications for planning erosion control measures and soil management depending on the location and slope gradient. Overall, our work provides insights into soil formation processes in loess hills and contributes to a better understanding of the interactions between slope gradient and erosive processes. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Baral, Suraj; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Fine-scale habitat suitability modelling of Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 208-220, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Adhikari_2024, title = {Fine-scale habitat suitability modelling of Northern red muntjac (\textit{Muntiacus vaginalis}) in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Suraj Baral and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0020.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0020}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {208-220}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Factors associated with the habitat suitability of northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) especially outside protected areas in the human-dominated landscape are still lacking. Fine-scale environmental variables can influence the habitat suitability of the animals. This study aimed to explore the different eco-geographic fine-scale variables for the distribution of the northern red muntjac; and predict suitable habitats using the maximum entropy (Maxent) model in the Chitwan Annapurna landscape (CHAL). The presence points of the northern red muntjac (n = 265) were collected between 2018 to 2021 using 150 transects of various lengths in four blocks. Density-based occurrence points rarify and performance-based variable selection were applied to improve the output of the model. The model was evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC) value of operator characteristic (ROC) and analyzed on the basis of the response curve, the relative importance of variables, Jackknife test and suitability map. Results indicated the model was statistically satisfactory (mean AUC > 0.75). The distance to the nearest cropland was the most contributed variable followed by Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), distance to developed/settlement area and distance to grassland that explained suitability of Northern red muntjac. The species distribution model predicted 6.52% highly suitable and 23.77% suitable area for northern red muntjac. Therefore, this area is important for the muntjac and provides a possible alternative habitat for other wild animals outside the protected areas. Our research suggests that human dominated landscape should be prioritized in management plans for the conservation of muntjac.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Factors associated with the habitat suitability of northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) especially outside protected areas in the human-dominated landscape are still lacking. Fine-scale environmental variables can influence the habitat suitability of the animals. This study aimed to explore the different eco-geographic fine-scale variables for the distribution of the northern red muntjac; and predict suitable habitats using the maximum entropy (Maxent) model in the Chitwan Annapurna landscape (CHAL). The presence points of the northern red muntjac (n = 265) were collected between 2018 to 2021 using 150 transects of various lengths in four blocks. Density-based occurrence points rarify and performance-based variable selection were applied to improve the output of the model. The model was evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC) value of operator characteristic (ROC) and analyzed on the basis of the response curve, the relative importance of variables, Jackknife test and suitability map. Results indicated the model was statistically satisfactory (mean AUC > 0.75). The distance to the nearest cropland was the most contributed variable followed by Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), distance to developed/settlement area and distance to grassland that explained suitability of Northern red muntjac. The species distribution model predicted 6.52% highly suitable and 23.77% suitable area for northern red muntjac. Therefore, this area is important for the muntjac and provides a possible alternative habitat for other wild animals outside the protected areas. Our research suggests that human dominated landscape should be prioritized in management plans for the conservation of muntjac. |
Langraf, Vladimír; Gajdoš, Peter; Purgat, Pavol; Štofík, Jozef; Šestáková, Anna; Petrovičová, Kornélia Epigeic spider and ground beetles (Carabid) communities of semi-natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscape in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 221–237, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Langraf_2024, title = {Epigeic spider and ground beetles (Carabid) communities of semi-natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscape in Slovakia}, author = {Vladimír Langraf and Peter Gajdoš and Pavol Purgat and Jozef Štofík and Anna Šestáková and Kornélia Petrovičová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0021.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0021}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {221–237}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {We studied the spatial structure of spiders and beetles in 4 types of habitats in the Poloniny National Park. Between the years 2020 and 2021, we recorded 1,597 beetle specimens and 3,765 spider specimens using the pitfall trap method. The most represented beetles were Poecilus versicolor (53.4%), Nebria brevicollis (10.3%), Staphylinus caesareus (4.4%) and Amara familiaris (4.1%). Among the spiders, there were species Pardosa pullata (21.81%), Pachygnatha degeeri (14.21%), Xerolycosa nemoralis (10.28%), Pardosa palustris (7.86%), Trochosa ruricola (6.24%) and Alopecosa pulverulenta (4.38%). We confirmed the occurrence of two European important species of beetles (Carabus zawadzkii, Carabus variolosus) and 3 species of spiders belonging to the vulnerable species according to the IUCN threat status (Gongylidiellum vivum, Palliduphantes milleri and Xysticus lineatus). We also found the spider Micaria micans, which is new to the Slovak fauna and information about its distribution and habitat preferences in Slovakia is presented. Using multivariate analyzes (CCA, RDA) and classification species into bioindicative groups, we found a greater connection of adaptable and eurytopic species of ground beetles to the mesophilic meadow and of spiders to the habitat Nardetum pasture. Based on bioindicative groups of species (adaptable, eurytopic and relict), we found only a small difference in percentile points between spiders and beetles.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the spatial structure of spiders and beetles in 4 types of habitats in the Poloniny National Park. Between the years 2020 and 2021, we recorded 1,597 beetle specimens and 3,765 spider specimens using the pitfall trap method. The most represented beetles were Poecilus versicolor (53.4%), Nebria brevicollis (10.3%), Staphylinus caesareus (4.4%) and Amara familiaris (4.1%). Among the spiders, there were species Pardosa pullata (21.81%), Pachygnatha degeeri (14.21%), Xerolycosa nemoralis (10.28%), Pardosa palustris (7.86%), Trochosa ruricola (6.24%) and Alopecosa pulverulenta (4.38%). We confirmed the occurrence of two European important species of beetles (Carabus zawadzkii, Carabus variolosus) and 3 species of spiders belonging to the vulnerable species according to the IUCN threat status (Gongylidiellum vivum, Palliduphantes milleri and Xysticus lineatus). We also found the spider Micaria micans, which is new to the Slovak fauna and information about its distribution and habitat preferences in Slovakia is presented. Using multivariate analyzes (CCA, RDA) and classification species into bioindicative groups, we found a greater connection of adaptable and eurytopic species of ground beetles to the mesophilic meadow and of spiders to the habitat Nardetum pasture. Based on bioindicative groups of species (adaptable, eurytopic and relict), we found only a small difference in percentile points between spiders and beetles. |
Hodžić, Mirzeta Memišević; Ballian, Dalibor; Gömöry, Dušan Correlation of pedunculate oak leaf traits in situ and ex situ in Bosnia and Herzegovina Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 238–249, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Hod_i__2024, title = {Correlation of pedunculate oak leaf traits \textit{in situ} and \textit{ex situ} in Bosnia and Herzegovina}, author = {Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić and Dalibor Ballian and Dušan Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0022.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0022}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {238–249}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Pedunculate oak is an economically and ecologically very valuable species at the European level and for Bosnia and Hercegovina, and research into variation of this species is very important. In 2007, pedunculate oak leaf material was collected in 27 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina along with seeds, which were used to establish a provenance trial. In the trial, leaves were collected in 2021, and 14 morphological traits were measured in both types of material. Analysis of variance showed generally non-significant differences between generations, but significant variation among populations and population-by-generation interactions. However, the correlations between generations were non-significant for most traits, and neither were the correlations with climatic parameters. The results indicate both genetic and environmental effects on leaf morphology. The utility of leaf morphology for gene conservation is shortly discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pedunculate oak is an economically and ecologically very valuable species at the European level and for Bosnia and Hercegovina, and research into variation of this species is very important. In 2007, pedunculate oak leaf material was collected in 27 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina along with seeds, which were used to establish a provenance trial. In the trial, leaves were collected in 2021, and 14 morphological traits were measured in both types of material. Analysis of variance showed generally non-significant differences between generations, but significant variation among populations and population-by-generation interactions. However, the correlations between generations were non-significant for most traits, and neither were the correlations with climatic parameters. The results indicate both genetic and environmental effects on leaf morphology. The utility of leaf morphology for gene conservation is shortly discussed. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed Triacontanol ‘TRIA’ application to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and salinity stress under in vitro culture of date palm plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 250–262, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Al_Mayahi_2024, title = {Triacontanol ‘TRIA’ application to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and salinity stress under \textit{in vitro} culture of date palm plants}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0023.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0023}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {250–262}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {This study was conducted to attempt adaptation to combined drought and salt stresses (DS) (PEG- 6000 + NaCl) in date palm cv. Barhee implanted in vitro, keeping in mind the detrimental influence of DS. In vitro experimentation was executed on P. dactylifera L. to examine the efficacy of the application of triacontanol (TRIA), on growth attributes, and some biochemical constituents under DS. The optimal treatment was 10 µg l–1 TRIA. Such treatment under DS improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 215.0 mg. This treatment also showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (72.23% and 10.30 shoots, respectively) under DS stress. TRIA enhanced DS tolerance by increasing the contents of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, total soluble carbohydrates, and total soluble proteins, were obtained by adding 20 and 10 mg l–1 TRIA. This treatment was also more effective under DS in increasing Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, as well as Fe2+, and chlorophyll pigment. These results also indicate that using 10 µg l–1 TRIA as a supplement under DS can increase SOD, APX, and PAL activity, to 31.68, 3.377 unit g–1 min–1, and 33.78%, respectively. Data analysis also indicated that the application of 10 µg l–1 TRIA countered the DS-induced harmful effects by reducing the content of malondialdehyd (MDA) and H2O2 in stressed tissues to 1.06, and 1.278 μMg of fresh weight (FW). Our work could reveal detailed changes in the quantity and number of protein bands by SDS-PAGE. New protein bands appeared in both stressed with TRIA-treated plants. The result of the present study will be useful for rapid clonal propagation of date palm which can be used to enhance the tolerance of plants to drought and salt stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study was conducted to attempt adaptation to combined drought and salt stresses (DS) (PEG- 6000 + NaCl) in date palm cv. Barhee implanted in vitro, keeping in mind the detrimental influence of DS. In vitro experimentation was executed on P. dactylifera L. to examine the efficacy of the application of triacontanol (TRIA), on growth attributes, and some biochemical constituents under DS. The optimal treatment was 10 µg l–1 TRIA. Such treatment under DS improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 215.0 mg. This treatment also showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (72.23% and 10.30 shoots, respectively) under DS stress. TRIA enhanced DS tolerance by increasing the contents of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, total soluble carbohydrates, and total soluble proteins, were obtained by adding 20 and 10 mg l–1 TRIA. This treatment was also more effective under DS in increasing Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, as well as Fe2+, and chlorophyll pigment. These results also indicate that using 10 µg l–1 TRIA as a supplement under DS can increase SOD, APX, and PAL activity, to 31.68, 3.377 unit g–1 min–1, and 33.78%, respectively. Data analysis also indicated that the application of 10 µg l–1 TRIA countered the DS-induced harmful effects by reducing the content of malondialdehyd (MDA) and H2O2 in stressed tissues to 1.06, and 1.278 μMg of fresh weight (FW). Our work could reveal detailed changes in the quantity and number of protein bands by SDS-PAGE. New protein bands appeared in both stressed with TRIA-treated plants. The result of the present study will be useful for rapid clonal propagation of date palm which can be used to enhance the tolerance of plants to drought and salt stress. |
Sukumaran, Arun; Khanduri, Vinod Prasad; Gairola, Sumeet; Sharma, Chandra Mohan Floral traits and functional role of whorls in pollinator attraction of Magnolia grandiflora L. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 263-274, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Sukumaran_2024, title = {Floral traits and functional role of whorls in pollinator attraction of \textit{Magnolia grandiflora} L.}, author = {Arun Sukumaran and Vinod Prasad Khanduri and Sumeet Gairola and Chandra Mohan Sharma}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0024.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0024}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {263-274}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Species within the primitive genus Magnolia may often produce specialized floral traits and behaviour to grab the attention of potential pollinators from their surroundings. These reproductive traits in plants undergo various selection pressures and frequently bring forth variations to adapt to the new habitat that may result in speciation. We have aimed to understand the floral traits, the functional role of floral parts, and the variable response of visitors in Magnolia grandiflora belonging to an ancient order Magnoliales. Our observations reveal that the floral traits of M. grandiflora resemble those of basal angiosperms, conforming to the primitive existence of the genus Magnolia. The inconsistency in floral form reflected that M. grandiflora has been experiencing various selection pressures from biotic and abiotic factors. Inconsistency in floral equations and diagrams reflect the structural variability in flowers, which can directly impact pollination and reproductive output. SEM images of pollen grains reveal that the pollen grains were monocolpate and boat-shaped in structure. GC-MS analysis showed that VOCs in stigmatic exudation of the flower were largely composed of terpene hydrocarbons such as Perthenine, β-Elemene, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, Bicyclogermacrene, Germacrene A and D, etc. Beyond pollinators attraction, VOCs play a major role in repelling unwanted visitors and in improving the defensive mechanisms in Magnolia. Beetles, bees, and flies were found to be the active pollinators and the behaviour of bees indicates that bees were trying to replace the role of beetles in pollinating M. grandiflora. In summary, floral whorls were diversely functionalized to ensure maximum reproduction in M. grandiflora.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species within the primitive genus Magnolia may often produce specialized floral traits and behaviour to grab the attention of potential pollinators from their surroundings. These reproductive traits in plants undergo various selection pressures and frequently bring forth variations to adapt to the new habitat that may result in speciation. We have aimed to understand the floral traits, the functional role of floral parts, and the variable response of visitors in Magnolia grandiflora belonging to an ancient order Magnoliales. Our observations reveal that the floral traits of M. grandiflora resemble those of basal angiosperms, conforming to the primitive existence of the genus Magnolia. The inconsistency in floral form reflected that M. grandiflora has been experiencing various selection pressures from biotic and abiotic factors. Inconsistency in floral equations and diagrams reflect the structural variability in flowers, which can directly impact pollination and reproductive output. SEM images of pollen grains reveal that the pollen grains were monocolpate and boat-shaped in structure. GC-MS analysis showed that VOCs in stigmatic exudation of the flower were largely composed of terpene hydrocarbons such as Perthenine, β-Elemene, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, Bicyclogermacrene, Germacrene A and D, etc. Beyond pollinators attraction, VOCs play a major role in repelling unwanted visitors and in improving the defensive mechanisms in Magnolia. Beetles, bees, and flies were found to be the active pollinators and the behaviour of bees indicates that bees were trying to replace the role of beetles in pollinating M. grandiflora. In summary, floral whorls were diversely functionalized to ensure maximum reproduction in M. grandiflora. |
Kunakh, Olga; Ivanko, Irina; Holoborodko, Kyrylo; Zhukov, Olexander A spontaneous spread of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.): the importance of seed and vegetative reproduction Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 120-135, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Kunakh_2024, title = {A spontaneous spread of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.): the importance of seed and vegetative reproduction}, author = {Olga Kunakh and Irina Ivanko and Kyrylo Holoborodko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0012}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {120-135}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The importance of seed and vegetative propagation for the spontaneous expansion of black locust on abandoned agricultural land was evaluated in the present study. The dynamics of expansion was reconstructed on the basis of spatial distribution data on the age of individuals of this species. A non-homogeneous Poisson process with a linear trend and a Widom-Rowlinson model were the most appropriate in explaining the spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia individuals. The negative linear trend was statistically significant for the vast majority of polygons in the area of spontaneous expansion of R. pseudoacacia, but insignificant in the artificial plantation. The model parameter η indicates the aggregated spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the zone of spontaneous spread due to the vegetative mechanism of spread. The distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the artificial tree plantation was close to regular, or either random or aggregated. In the early stages, the seed reproduction is the most likely process of R. pseudoacacia spreading. The seed mechanism of spreading follows a spatial pattern, which is explained by a linear trend. The next stage is a combination of both seed and vegetative mechanisms of spread, which also lasts about 4–5 years. At the last stage, the spread occurs mainly through the vegetative mechanism, and the rate of spread of the community slows down significantly. The trigger for the spread is anthropogenic impact.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The importance of seed and vegetative propagation for the spontaneous expansion of black locust on abandoned agricultural land was evaluated in the present study. The dynamics of expansion was reconstructed on the basis of spatial distribution data on the age of individuals of this species. A non-homogeneous Poisson process with a linear trend and a Widom-Rowlinson model were the most appropriate in explaining the spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia individuals. The negative linear trend was statistically significant for the vast majority of polygons in the area of spontaneous expansion of R. pseudoacacia, but insignificant in the artificial plantation. The model parameter η indicates the aggregated spatial distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the zone of spontaneous spread due to the vegetative mechanism of spread. The distribution of R. pseudoacacia in the artificial tree plantation was close to regular, or either random or aggregated. In the early stages, the seed reproduction is the most likely process of R. pseudoacacia spreading. The seed mechanism of spreading follows a spatial pattern, which is explained by a linear trend. The next stage is a combination of both seed and vegetative mechanisms of spread, which also lasts about 4–5 years. At the last stage, the spread occurs mainly through the vegetative mechanism, and the rate of spread of the community slows down significantly. The trigger for the spread is anthropogenic impact. |
Tsiaras, Stefanos; Chavenetidou, Marina; Koulelis, Panagiotis P A multiple criteria decision analysis approach for assessing the quality of hardwood species used by Greek timber industries Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (2), pp. 109-119, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Tsiaras_2024, title = {A multiple criteria decision analysis approach for assessing the quality of hardwood species used by Greek timber industries}, author = {Stefanos Tsiaras and Marina Chavenetidou and Panagiotis P Koulelis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2024-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0011}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {109-119}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Timber industries make an essential contribution to economies worldwide, while the sustainable supply of timber generates revenue, supports employment, and contributes to economic activity. The strategic choice of wood species using specific criteria can have substantial economic outcomes for the timber industry in Greece. This study assessed the suitability of hardwood species most commonly used by Greek timber industries. The assessment was conducted with the use of a Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, taking into consideration specific criteria that affect the quality of timber. According to the findings, walnut was the optimal alternative that outranked the other examined species. Chestnut, oak, beech, ash, and hornbeam also achieved positive scores, and therefore, they are also acceptable alternatives as broadleaved species suitable for furniture manufacturing and sawn timber production. Greek timber industries can enhance their products’ value and market appeal by focusing on species that meet high-quality standards and consumer preferences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Timber industries make an essential contribution to economies worldwide, while the sustainable supply of timber generates revenue, supports employment, and contributes to economic activity. The strategic choice of wood species using specific criteria can have substantial economic outcomes for the timber industry in Greece. This study assessed the suitability of hardwood species most commonly used by Greek timber industries. The assessment was conducted with the use of a Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, taking into consideration specific criteria that affect the quality of timber. According to the findings, walnut was the optimal alternative that outranked the other examined species. Chestnut, oak, beech, ash, and hornbeam also achieved positive scores, and therefore, they are also acceptable alternatives as broadleaved species suitable for furniture manufacturing and sawn timber production. Greek timber industries can enhance their products’ value and market appeal by focusing on species that meet high-quality standards and consumer preferences. |